Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS
Batangas City

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-board Examination

Monday, November 20, 2023 07:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.
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HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only the
answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the
answer sheet provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A cubic meter water is subjected to a pressure increase of 20 MPA. If the bulk modulus
of elasticity of the water is 2200 MPa, evaluate the change in volume in m^3.
A. 0.0091 C. 0.0178
B. 0.0191 D. 0.0146

2. The velocity head of the flow at one section of a pipeline is 5 m. Evaluate the velocity
head, in meter (s), at the next section if the velocity of flow increases by one-half
that of the previous section.
A. 20.0 C. 15.0
B. 11.3 D. 7.50

3. A right cylindrical container of diameter D (meter) and H (meter) high is filled with
water z (meter) deep. A piece of timber, having a cross-sectional dimension b x t (mm)
and L (meter) long is freely allowed to submerge and float in a vertical position inside
the container. The portion of the wood above the water surface is observed to be 2/3 the
length of the timber. Given the following information, evaluate the specific weight of
the timber, in kN/m^3.

D = 1.00 m b = 250 mm
H = 5.00 m t = 250 mm
z = 3.00 m L = 3.00 m
A. 3.35 C. 3.27
B. 3.72 D. 3.44

4. Evaluate the kinetic energy of a unit weight of water, in meters, flowing at 10 m/sec.
A. 0.721 C. 0.815
B. 0.439 D. 0.534

5. An experiment to determine the permeability of a soil sample was conducted. The

permeameter in a falling head permeability test setup involves a cylindrical soil sample
100mm in diameter and a height of 200mm. The hydraulic head in the 10-mm diameter
standpipe through which the test water passed dropped from 1 meter to 600mm in one minute
of observation. In that duration the water collected in the graduate was recorded at 2.0
liters. From these data, evaluate the coefficient of permeability of the soil sample,
in cm/sec.
A. 0.000224 C. 0.001890
B. 0.001703 D. 0.001910

6. Which of the following statements is false?

I. Wind blows towards an area of low pressure.
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II. Smoke rises faster in a chimney on a windy day.

III. You can squirt water over a greater distance by placing your thumb over the end of
a garden hose than by leaving it completely uncovered.
IV. Between two sinking objects with same shape and volume but of different weights,
the heavier object will reach terminal velocity first.
A. I C. III
B. II D. IV

7. A pressure surge or wave caused when & fluid in motion is forced to stop or change
direction suddenly (momentum change) is referred to in hydraulics as.
A. Hydraulic jump C. Hydrodynamics
B. Potential head D. Water Hammer

8. If the ground water table in a soil formation rises as a resulting of flooding, the
bearing capacity of the soil.
A. Unaffected C. Increase
B. Decrease D. Depends on footings load

9. In order to provide water form a nearby spring, a triangular flume of efficient cross
section was provided on a slope of 0.15 percent. Assuming the roughness coefficient of
the channel equal to 0.20, obtain the depth of flow in meter(s) of the water in the
flume if it is discharging at the rate of 2 cu.m./sec.
Utilize the formula V = (1/n) R^2/3 S^1/2 for the velocity of flow.
A. 1.85 C. 1.69
B. 1.77 D. 1.31

10. A hemispherical container 1 meter in diameter is completely filled with scrambled egg
mixture, enough to feed the entire HIC family. If Jean accidentally bumped into the
container causing it to rotate at a constant angular rate of 4 rad/sec, determine the
volume of mixture spilled in cubic meters.
A. 0.26 C. 0.16
B. 0.32 D. 0.08

11. A granular soil deposit is considered stiff if the unconfined compressive strength is
between.
A. 25-80 C. 150-400
B. 80-150 D. >400

12. A line joining the points of highest elevation of water in a series of vertical open
pipes rising from a pipeline in which water flows under pressure is referred to as.
A. Hydraulic jump C. Hydraulic head
B. Hydraulic gradient D. Hydraulic loss

13. An underground tunnel is to be constructed at a depth of I0 meters below ground surface

for a subway in Metro Manila. On ground surface and radially located from the line of
the tunnel is a vertical load of 10 MN. Design specifications require that the vertical
stress due to the load at the level of the tunnel should not exceed five (5) percent the
vertical stress at the same depth directly below the load.

Obtain the minimum distance, in meters, at which the alignment of the tunnel be located
from the line of application of the load.

Hint: According to the Boussinesq theory, the vertical stress at a point below the
surface of a semi-infinite, homogenous, isotropic soil mass due to a point load Q applied
at the ground surface is given by the equation.
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Where p = 0.477QN/z^2
N = 1[1 + (r/z)]^2.5
r = horizontal distance oof point from the vertical line of application of the
load
z = depth of point below ground surface
A. 13 C. 15
B. 14 D. 16

14. How many meters of water is equivalent to 2.75 atmospheres?

A. 38.7 m C. 31.6 m
B. 24.8 m D. 27.5 m

15. What important property of soil is most influenced by engineering?

A. Porosity C. Specific gravity
B. Void ratio D. Water content

16. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force in kN the water exerts on the curved
vertical wall shown in FIGURE HGE-01. The wall is 2 m wide.
A. 326 C. 196
B. 214 D. 415

17. What is the unit weight in N/m3 of dry air at standard temperature and pressure?
A. 75.64 C. 35.91
B. 8.74 D. 11.18

18. A hollow sphere, 250 mm diameter is made of steel weighing 77 kN/m^3. Evaluate the total
vertical force of water on the sphere if it floats with its top 80 cm below the water
surface.
A. 39 C. 57
B. 80 D. 61

19. An open top cylindrical tank 1 m in diameter and 2.5 m high is 3/5 full of water.
Determine the angular speed in rpm if the base is uncovered within 20 cm from the
vertical axis.
A. 108.8 C. 145.9
B. 165.4 D. 178.8

20. Water flows at the rate of 182 L/s in a 300-mm diameter pipeline connecting two
reservoirs. If the pipe length is 845 m and using f=0.021, what is the difference in
water surface elevation between two reservoirs?
A. 48 C. 98
B. 20 D. 65

21. A square footing 1.2 m x 1.2 m is embedded to a depth of 0.9 m in a soil with unit weight
of 17.3 kN/m^3 and has a cohesion of 9.6 kPa. Angle of internal friction is 28 degrees.
Assume no water table exist below the foundation. Determine the allowable bearing
capacity using a factor of safety of 2.5.
Given: Nc = 31.61, Nq = 17.81, Nγ = 13.70
A. 314 kPa C. 153 kPa
B. 489 kPa D. 265 kPa

22. A jet is issued from the side of the tank under a constant head as shown in FIGURE HGE-
02. The side of the tank has an inclination of 1H to 1V. The total depth of water in the
tank is h1 = 8 m and the orifice is located h2 = 3 m above the bottom of the tank.
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Neglecting air resistance and assuming Cv = 1.0. Determine the time it takes for the jet
to strike a horizontal plane 1.20 m below the tank.
A. 3.25 s C. 1.88 s
B. 1.20 s D. 2.45 s

23. Consider water flowing through two identical channels with square flow sections of 4m x
4m. Now the two channels are combined forming an 8 m wide channel. The flow rate is
adjusted so that the flow depth remains constant at 4 m. Determine the percent increase
in flow rate as a result of combining two channels.
A. 22.50% C. 37.00%
B. 31.04% D. 11.20%

24. A 10-kN car is to be lifted by hydraulic jack. If 400- N force is applied in a 25-mm-
diameter plunger, find the required diameter of the piston in mm.
A. 140 C. 200
B. 125 D. 215

25. A barrel containing water weighs 1260 N, what will be the reading on the scale in N if
a 5 cm by 5 cm piece of wood is held vertically in the water to a depth of 0.60 in?
A. 1345 C. 1652
B. 1275 D. 1129

26. Determine the volume in m^3 of an object that weighs 200 N in water and 300 N in oil.
A. 0.098 C. 0.051
B. 0.036 D. 0.022

27. A stone weighs 600 N, and when it was lowered into a square tank 0.610 m on a side, the
weight of the stone in water was 323 N. How much did the water rise in the tank, in mm?
A. 69 C. 76
B. 58 D. 85

28. A mercury barometer at the base of the mountain reads 736 mm. At the same time, another
barometer at the top of the mountain reads 590 mm. Assuming air ways’ 12 N/m^3, the
height of the mountain is nearest to:
A. 1714 C. 1623
B. 1412 D. 1125

29. Energy possessed by the fluid by virtue of its position or elevation with respect to a
datum plane.
A. Biaxial energy C. Potential energy
B. Kinematic energy D. Kinetic Energy

SITUATIONAL

SITUATION 1 - According to the elastic theory, the vertical stress induced by a flexible
line load of infinite length that has an intensity of q units / length on the surface of a
semi-infinite soil mass can be estimated by the expression,

P = 0.637 q/N
where N = z[1 + (r/z)^2]^2
r = horizontal distance from the line of the load
z = depth of interest at which stress is induced

A masonry wall weighing 6kN per lineal meter is carried by a wall footing 0.60m wide.
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30. Evaluate the bearing pressure in kPa, exerted by the footing onto the supporting soil.
A. 14 C. 10
B. 16 D. 12

31. Evaluate the stress in kPa in the soil caused by the load at a depth equal to twice the
width of the footing but directly below the masonry wall.
A. 5.31 C. 4.43
B. 7.25 D. 6.47

32. Evaluate the stress at a depth of 2m and a horizontal distance of 3m from the line of
the load.
A. 0.531 C. 0.301
B. 0.301 D. 0.668

SITUATION 2 - A triaxial shear test was performed on a well – drained sand sample. The
normal stress on the failure plane and the shearing stress on the failure plane were
determined to be 63kPa and 42kPa respectively.

33. Determine the angle of internal friction of the sand, in degrees.

A. 33.7 C. 27.4
B. 22.4 D. 19.8

34. Determine the angle, in degrees of the failure plane with respect to the horizontal
plane.
A. 26.2 C. 54.9
B. 61.8 D. 58.7

SITUATION 3 - A circular footing with a 1.5 m diameter is to be constructed 1.22 m below

the ground surface. The groundwater table is at a great depth and its effect can be
neglected. The subsoil consists of a uniform deposit of dense soil having the following
strength parameters:
Angle of inertial friction = 25° (Nc = 24.1, Nq = 13.1, Ny = 9.1)
Unconfined compressive strength = 96 kPa
Unit weight of soil = 20.12 kN/m2
Hint: qu = 1.3cNc + qNq + 0.3yBNy

35. Compute the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil.

A. 1966.21 kPa C. 1907.79 kPa
B. 1935.25 kPa D. 1981.59 kPa

36. Compute the total allowable load that the footing can carry using a factor of safety
of 3.
A. 3474.6 kN C. 3371.3 kN
B. 1123.8 kN D. 1158.2 kN

SITUATION 4 - After 24 hours of pumping at 50 liters/sec, the water level in an observation

well at a distance of 100 m from the test well is lowered 0.5 m. At another observation
well located from the test well, the water level dropped by 1.0 m.

37. Estimate the rate of flow in cubic meters per day.

A. 4320 C. 4890
B. 4560 D. 5130

38. Evaluate the coefficient of permeability of the aquifer in meters per day.
A. 44.5 C. 36.3
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B. 20.1 D. 58.3

39. Compute the transmissibility of the aquifer in square meters per day.
A. 1140 C. 953
B. 1080 D. 1260

SITUATION 5 - From the given table of consistency index and an unconfined compressive
strength of the soil.
Type Consistency Unconfined Compressive
of Soil Index Strength

Very Soft 0-25 <25

Soft 25-50 25-50
Medium 50-75 50-100
Stiff 75-100 100-200
Very stiff >100 200-400
Hard >00 >400

40. Compute the unconfined compressive strength of a stiff soil having a consistency of 85.
A. 250 C. 140
B. 230 D. 120

41. Determine the consistency of soil in kPa having a cohesion of 20 kPa.

A. 60 C. 40
B. 30 D. 50

42. Find the shear strength of a stiff soil at a depth of 8 meters if the soil has a
consistency of 80. Assume angle of internal friction of the soil to be 32 degrees and
its unit weight is 18 kN/m^3.
A. 330 C. 150
B. 130 D. 230

SITUATION 6 - A square footing of width z meters carries a carries a load P that may be
considered uniformly distributed and it is supported by a soil strata as shown in FIGURE
HGE-03. The silty clay has a compression index of 0.274. its void ratio prior to the
application of load is 84%. Assume that the load is transmitted through a truncate pyramid
having a side slope of 2V to 1H and that the stress is uniform across a horizontal plane.
Given:
x = 5.5
y = 4/3
z = 2.4
a = 1.8
γ1 = 18.2
γ2 = 10.1
γ3 = 9.4
P = 667.2

43. Compute the vertical stress (kPa) at mid depth of sand and gravel after load application.
A. 68 C. 75
B. 80 D. 48

44. Compute the vertical stress (kPa) at the interface of the two soil layers after load
application.
A. 81 C. 96
B. 72 D. 58
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45. Compute the settlement of the footing caused by consolidation of the silty clay in mm.
A. 10.2 C. 18.3
B. 19.6 D. 16.5

SITUATION 7 - Three columns x four rows of group piles are installed into a uniform clay
layer shown in FIGURE HGE-04.
Clay soil
γsat = 21.0 kN/m3
c = 40 kPa
Nc = 7.5
Cc = 0.36
e0 = 0.85
Piles diameter, d = 0.3 m
Pile to pile spacing, S = 0.75 m
Length, L = 50 m

46. Determine the ultimate capacity in kN of the pile using single pile capacity if α=0.74.
A. 16900 C. 45000
B. 22500 D. 12900

47. Determine the ultimate capacity of the pile using group pile capacity if α=0.74.
A. 14250 C. 13700
B. 12930 D. 15240

48. Determine the group efficiency, η.

A. 0.72 C. 0.38
B. 0.84 D. 0.55

SITUATION 8 - A 300 mm diameter test well penetrates 27 m. below the static water table.
After 24 hours of pumping at 69 liters/sec. The water level in an observation well at a
distance of 95 m. from the test well is lowered 0.5 m. and the other observation well at a
distance of 35 m. from the test well, the water level dropped by 1.1 m.

49. What is the rate of flow in m^3/day.

A. 4320.1 C. 3456.9
B. 2049.3 D. 5961.6

50. Compute the coefficient of permeability of the aquifer in m/day.

A. 45.90 C. 13.45
B. 58.92 D. 60.27
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HYDRAULICS & GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

(PLEASE DO NOT DETACH)

FIGURE HGE-01 FIGURE HGE-02

FIGURE HGE-03

FIGURE HGE-04