BDwbU 1 BDwbU 1 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

grm¨ n¨vPvwi
A‡bK gvQ we‡kl K‡i i€B RvZxq gvQ I we‡`kx Kvc©¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq cyKz‡i cªRbb K‡i bv d‡j Zv‡`i †iYy
cyKz‡i cvIqv m¤¢e bq| Gme gv‡Qi cÖRbb mvaviYZ cÖvK…wZK Drm †hgb b`x‡Z N‡U _v‡K| wKš‘ cÖvK…wZK Ae¯’vq
b`x‡Z †h cÖRbb nq Zv‡Z A‡bK mgm¨v cwijw¶Z nq| †hgb− wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi †cvbvi wgkªY, iv¶z‡m gv‡Qi
†cvbvi wgkªY, †ivM RxevYyi Dcw¯’wZ, h_vmg‡q GKB Rv‡Zi, Ges GKB AvKv‡ii, GKB eq‡mi †cvbv bv cvIqv
BZ¨vw`| ZvQvov cÖvK…wZK I gbyl¨ m„ó bvbv Kvi‡Y gv‡Qi cÖvK…wZK cÖRbb †¶Î¸‡jv webó nIqv‡Z cÖvK…wZKfv‡e
†cvbvi Drcv`b K‡g †M‡Q| cwi‡e‡ki Gme cÖwZK‚jZv †_‡K gv‡Qi eskMwZ i¶vi Rb¨ grm¨ n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| grm¨ n¨vPvwi‡Z K…wÎgfv‡e †cvbv Drcv`b K‡i Gme mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e| grm¨
n¨vPvwi n‡jv gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ RjR evwYwR¨K ¸i€Z¡c Y© cÖvwYi K…wÎgfv‡e esk e„w×i Rb¨ Ggb GKwU wbqwš Z
cwi‡ek †hLv‡b K…wÎg ev cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx †hgb wPswoi †iYy Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e|
evsjv‡`‡k µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi †cÖvwUb Pvwn`v c i‡Yi Rb¨ Z_v AwaK cwigv‡Y grm¨ m¤ž` e„w×i Rb¨ grm¨
n¨vPvwii ¸i€Z¡ Ab¯^xKvh©| grm¨ n¨vPvwi m¤ž©‡K mwVK Ávb jvf Kivi Rb¨ n¨vPvwii msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, n¨vPvwii
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, n¨Pvwii ¯’vb wbe©vPb, wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwii cwiwPwZ, n¨vPvwi‡Z wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †cvbv kbv³KiY,
n¨vPvwii Rb¨ eª€W gvQ wbe©vPb Ges n¨vPvwii wewfbœ As‡ki mv‡_ cwiwPwZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q my®žó aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V n¨vPvwii msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, n¨vPvwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, grm¨ n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbe©vPb, wewfbœ ai‡bi
n¨vPvwi cwiwPwZ, n¨vPvwi‡Z wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †cvbv kbv³KiY, n¨vPvwii Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖRvwZi eª€W gvQ wbe©vPb, GKwU
grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask, gvV ch©v‡q n¨vPvwi ch©‡e¶Y, nv¨Pvwi‡Z wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †cvbv kbv³KiY BZ¨vw` wel‡q
ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiKmn we¯ vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV 1.1 n¨vPvwii msÁv, cÖKvi‡f` I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

G cvV †k‡l Avvcwb−

n¨vPvwi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb

n¨vPvwi KZ ai‡bi I Kx Kx Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |

n¨vPvwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ž‡K© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb |

n¨vPvwi
n¨vPvwi n‡jv Ggb GKwU wbqwš Z cwi‡ek †hLv‡b K…wÎg cªRbb Gi gva¨‡g †iYy ˆZwi Kiv nq| gvQ I wPswoi
K…wÎgfv‡e wWg dzUv‡bvi ,Rjvavi‡KI n¨vPvwi ejv nq|

n¨vPvwii cÖKvi‡f`
n¨vPvwi n‡jv Ggb GKwU n¨vPvwi cÖavbZ wZb ai‡bi | h_v−
wbqwš Z cwi‡ek †hLv‡b 1| Kvc© n¨vPvwi
K…wÎg cªRbb Gi gva¨‡g †iby 2| Mj`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi
ˆZwi Kiv nq |
3| evM`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi
 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

1| Kvc© n¨vPvwi t evsjv‡`‡k Kvc©RvZxq gvQ AwZ RbwcÖq Ges mycwiwPZ| G gvQ `ª€Z ea©bkxj Ges mn‡R
Pvl‡hvM¨| Kvc©RvZxq gv‡Qi K…wÎg ev cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g †iYy ˆZwii Rb¨ †h wbqwš Z cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv
nq ev Kvc©RvZxq gv‡Qi wWg dzUv‡bvi Rb¨ †h Rjvavi e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K Kvc© n¨vPvwi ejv nq| G‡K
i€BRvZxq gv‡Qi n¨vPvwiI ejv nq|

2| Mj`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi t evsjv‡`‡k Mj`v wPswo Pv‡li GK D¾¦j m¤¢vebv we`¨gvb| †`‡ki cyKzi Lvj- wej I
avb‡¶‡Z Mj`v wPswoi Pvl Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB K…wÎg Rjvk‡q Mj`v wPswoi †iYy Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q|
Mj`v wPswoi K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi mvnv‡h¨ †iYy ˆZwii Rb¨ †h wbqwš Z cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv nq ev cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRb‡bi
gva¨‡g Mj`v wPswoi †iYy ˆZwii Rb¨ †h K…wÎg Rjvavi e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K Mj`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi ejv nq|

3| evM`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi t wek¦ evRv‡i evM`v wPswoi µgk Pvwn`v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ G‡`‡kI Gi Pvl µgvš^‡q
RbwcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡Q| Pvwn`vbyhvqx †cvbv mieiv‡ni Rb¨ evM`vi n¨vPvwii Drcvw`Z †cvbvi †Kv‡bv weKí
†bB| K…wÎg Dcv‡q ev cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g evM`v wPswoi †cvbv ev †iYy ˆZwii Rb¨ †h wbqwš Z cwi‡ek
m„wó Kiv nq ev †h K…wÎg Rjvkq m„wó Kiv nq Zv‡K evM`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi e‡j|
ZvQvovI †cvbv Drcv`‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i n¨vPvwi wZb ai‡bi| †hgb−

• †QvU ai‡bi n¨vPvwi

• gvSvwi ai‡bi n¨vPvwi
• eo ai‡bi n¨vPvwi

†QvU ai‡bi n¨vPvwi t G ai‡bi n¨vPvwi mvaviYZ cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| G‡¶‡Î 1 Rb †UKwbwkqvb
Ges 2 Rb kªwgK n‡jB h‡_ó nq|

gvSvwi ai‡bi n¨vPvwi t G ai‡bi n¨vPvwi mvaviYZ †Kv¤žvbx,mgevq Ges n¨vPvwi‡Z wbhy³ e¨w³ Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq|
G‡¶‡Î 3 Rb †UKwbwkqvb Ges 3-4 RbkªwgK n‡jB h‡_ó nq|

eo ai‡bi n¨vPvwi t G ai‡bi n¨vPvwi mvaviYZ wjt †Kv¤žvbx, mgevq Ges n¨vPvwi‡Z wbhy³ e¨w³ Øviv cwiPvwjZ
nq| G ai‡bi n¨vPvwi cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ 3-6 Rb †UKwbwkqvb Ges 6-10 Rb kªwgK cÖ‡qvRb nq|

n¨vPvwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
A‡bK gvQ Av‡Q †h¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq cÖRbb K‡i bv| †mme gv‡Qi †¶‡Î we‡kl Ae¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb nq| gv‡Qi
¯^vfvweK cÖRbb cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©ikxj| †hgb− el©vKv‡j G‡`i cÖRbb †ewk nq| d‡j wbw`©ó mgq A_v©r elv©
†gŠmy‡g cÖvK…wZK cÖRbbKvix †cvbv e¨wZZ †cvbv cvIqv m¤¢e bq| wKš‘ GKwU AvaywbK n¨vPvwi‡Z wbqwš Z cwi‡e‡k
AvaywbK n¨vPvwi‡Z wWg †_‡K ni‡gvb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g elv©i c ‡e©B gv‡Qi cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRbb mn‡RB m¤žv`b Kiv hvq| n¨vPvwi‡Z bjK‚‡ci VvÛv
†iYy †cvbv cÖvwßi nvi 75-
cvwb e¨envi K‡i gv‡Qi cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRbb gvP© n‡Z †m‡Þ¤^i ch©¯ cÖvq 6 gvm we¯ …Z Kiv hvq| AvaywbK n¨vPvwi‡Z
80%| n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡gB GKgvÎ evsjv‡`‡k wWg †_‡K †iYy †cvbv cÖvwßi nvi 75-80%| n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡gB GKgvÎ evsjv‡`‡k cwiKíbv Abyhvqx gv‡Qi
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx gv‡Qi †iYy †iYy †cvbv Drcv`b K‡i †cvbvi Pvwn`v c iY Kiv m¤¢e| wks, gv¸i RvZxq gvQ RjR AvMvQvi g„`y †mªv‡Z AMfxi
†cvbv Drcv`b K‡i †cvbvi
Pvwn`v c iY Kiv m¤¢e|
cvwb‡Z (12©© © Gi wb‡P) wWg Qvo‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK gvQ wgVv cvwb‡Z wWg †`q bv Avevi wKQy wKQy gvQ †mªvZkxj cvwb‡Z
wWg †`q| Avi Gme cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZKzjZv †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ n¨vPvwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| ZvQvov cÖvK…wZK
Ae¯’vq b`x‡Z †h cÖRbb nq (Kvc© gv‡Qi †¶‡Î) Zv‡Z A‡bK mgm¨v cwijw¶Z nq| †hgb-wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 2

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

†cvbvi wgkªY, iv¶z‡m gv‡Qi †cvbvi wgkªY, h_vmg‡q GKB AvKv‡ii GKB eq‡mi †cvbv cvIqv hvq bv| Avi
DcwiD³ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ n¨vPvwii cª‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©| †gvÏv K_vq ejv hvq AwaK cwigv‡Y DbœZRv‡Zi
GKB AvKv‡ii, GKB eq‡mi, GKB cÖRvwZi †cvbv cvIqv Ges mgqgZ †cvbv cvIqvi Rb¨ n¨vPvwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Acwimxg| AvaywbK grm¨ Pvl c×wZ‡Z n¨vPvwii gva¨‡gB †KejgvÎ DbœZRv‡Zi DbœZgv‡bi †cvbv mieivn wbwðZ
Kiv m¤¢e cv‡i| ZvQvov †`‡k gv‡Qi †cvbvi µgea©gvb Pvwn`v c i‡Y n¨vPvwi wbgv©‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|

Abykxjb (Activityy) t Avcbvi GjvKvq GKwU n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi ¯^c‡¶ Avcbvi hyw³hz³ gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb Ki€b|

mvigg© t n¨vPvwi n‡jv Ggb GKwU wbqwš Z cwi‡ek †hLv‡b K…wÎg ev cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRb‡bi
gva¨‡g gv‡Qi †iYy ˆZwi Kiv hvq| n¨vPvwi cÖavbZ wZb ai‡bi| h_v− Kvc© n¨vPvwi, Mj`v
wPswoi n¨vPvwi Ges evM`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi| ZvQvovI †cvbv Drcv`‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i n¨vPvwi
wZb ai‡bi †hgb−†QvU ai‡bi n¨vPvwi, gvSvwi ai‡bi n¨vPvwi I eo ai‡bi n¨vPvwi| AwaK
cwigv‡Y DbœZRv‡Zi GKB cÖRvwZi, GKB AvKv‡ii, GKB eq‡mi mgqgZ †cvbv cvIqvi
Rb¨ n¨vPvwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg |

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 3

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

cv‡VvËi g j¨vqb 1.1

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (√) w`b|
K. n¨vPvwi cÖavbZ KZ ai‡bi? Comment [S1]:
i) 2 ai‡bi
ii) 3 ai‡bi
iii) 4 ai‡bi
iv) 5 ai‡bi

L. GKwU eo ai‡bi n¨vPvwi cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mvaviYZ KZ Rb †UKwbwkqvb cÖ‡qvRb nq?

i) 1-2 Rb
ii) 2-3 Rb
iii) 3-6 Rb
iv) 10-12 Rb

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕGes wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. me gvQB ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq cÖRbb K‡i|
L. n¨vPvwi n‡jv Ggb GKwU wbqwš Z cwi‡ek †hLv‡b K…wÎg cªRbb Gi gva¨‡g †iYy ˆZwi Kiv nq |

3| k b¨¯’vb c iY Ki€b|
K. AwaK cwigv‡Y GKB Rv‡Zi GKB AvKv‡ii †cvbv mgqgZ cvIqvi Rb¨------------`iKvi|
L. K…wÎg Dcv‡q evM`v wPswoi †iYy ˆZwii Rb¨ †h wbqwš Z cwi‡ek Zv‡K -------------e‡j|

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. GKwU †QvU ai‡bi n¨vPvwi‡Z mvaviYZ KZ Rb †UKwbwkqvb cÖ‡qvRb?
L. Drcv`‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i n¨vPvwi KZ ai‡bi?

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 4

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

cvV 1.2 grm¨ n¨vPvwii Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©Pvb

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

grm¨ n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi gvwU cÖ‡qvRb Zv ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

grm¨ n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †hvMv‡h‡Mi Ae¯’v †Kgb nIqv `iKvi Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

grm¨ n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡b mvsevrmwiK cvwbi Drm m¤ž‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb |

n¨vPvwi‡Z e¨eüZ cvwbi ¸Yv¸Y m¤ž‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

grm¨ n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wev©Pb

†h‡Kvb n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vPb GKwU AZxe ¸iZ¡c Y© welq| n¨vPvwii mdjZv AwaKvsk wbf©i K‡i
n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi Ici| n¨vPvwi wbgv©Y I cwiPvjbvi DcKiY cwienY Drcvw`Z †iYy †cvbv mieivn BZ¨vw`
bvbvwea Kvi‡Y n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©Pb GKwU ¸i€Z¡c‚Y© welq| grm¨ n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ welq¸‡jv
Aek¨B we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e
1| n¨vPvwi wbgv©Y LiP I cyKzi wbgv©Y LiP
2| gvwUi cÖK…wZ
3| mvsevrmwiK cvwbi Drm
4| f‚-cªK…wZ
5| mvi I KuvPv gv‡ji mnRjf¨Zv
6| we`y¨r e¨e¯’v
7| †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v
8| evRviRvZKi‡Yi mye¨e¯’v
9| ` lYgy³ GjvKv|
10| eb¨vgy³ GjvKv

1| n¨vPvwi wbg©vY LiP I cyKzi wbgv©Y LiP t n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbe©vPb Kivi mgq we‡klfv‡e j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb
H¯’v‡b n¨vPvwii wewfbœ ai‡bi cyKy‡ii wbgv©Y LiP Kg nq| n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbe©vPb Kivi mgq Aek¨B †`L‡Z
n‡e n¨vPvwi wbgv©‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ hš vsk I DcKiY mn‡RB KvQvKvwQ cvIqv hvq Ges wbgv©Y Kv‡Ri
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †jvK e‡ji mnRjf¨Zv _v‡K| d‡j n¨vPvwii wbgv©Y I cyKzi wbg©vY LiP Kg n‡e|

2| gvwUi cÖK…wZ t n¨vPvwi‡Z cªRbb¶g gvQ A_©vr eª€W gvQ jvjb cvjb Ki‡Z nq| AwaKš A‡bK mgq wewfbœ
n¨vPvwi wbgv‡Y©i c ‡e© Ges Kvi‡Y AvZzi cyKz‡i †cvbv jvjb cvjb cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡o, Gm‡ei Rb¨ n¨vPvwii GKwU Ask wn‡m‡e cÖRbb¶g
¯’vb wbev©P‡bi mgq gvwUi
cÖK…wZ Ges gvwU cix¶v gvQ ev eª€W gvQ I †cvbv cvjb cvj‡bi Rb¨ cyKzi wbg©vY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi ZvB n¨vPvwi wbg©v‡Yi c ‡e© Ges
Kivi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi mgq gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y cix¶v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Dchy³ ¸Yvejxi gvwU bv n‡j gvQ cÖwZcvj‡b Amyweavi
m„wó nq| cvwbi †fŠZ I ivmvqwbK ¸Yvejx mivmwi gvwUi Ici wbf©ikxj| De©i gvwUi cyKz‡i gv‡Qi Drcv`b
AwaK nq| Acic‡¶ AwaKevwjhy³ gvwUi cvwb aviY ¶gZv _v‡K bv| d‡j ﮋ †gŠmy‡g cyKz‡i cvwb a‡i ivLv
Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| Aciw`‡K AZ¨waK Aè hy³ jvj gvwU‡Z cyKzi wbgv©Y Ki‡j H cyKz‡ii cvwb mviv ermi
AZ¨vwaK †Nvjv _v‡K| ZvQvov Aèh³ y gvwUi cyKz‡i wc.GBP (PH) Kg _vKv‡Z gv‡Qi ˆ`wnK e„w× I Lv`¨
Drcv`‡b evuavMÖ¯’ nq| gvQ Pv‡li Rb¨ †`v-Auvk wKsev G‡Uj †`v-Avuk gvwU DËg| n¨vPvwi wbgv©‡Yi Rb¨ gvwUi
wc.GBP (PH) 6.5-7.5 n‡jv DËg|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 5

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

3| mvsevrmwiK cvwbi Drm t n¨vPvwi cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cvwb mieivn AZxe Ri€ix welq| n¨vPvwi cwiPvjbv I eª€W
gvQ jvjb cvj‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mve©¶wYK cvwbi e¨e¯’v | n¨vPvwii cvwb Aek¨B cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| n¨vPvwii
Rb¨ ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi Rb¨ †hme GjvKvq cyKz‡i Ges Mfxi ev AMfxi bjK‚‡c mviv ermi cvwb _v‡K †mme
¯’v‡bB n¨vPvwii Rb¨ DËg|
n¨vPvwi‡Z e¨envh© cvwb‡Z wb‡æi ¸Yv¸Y _vKv evÂbxq
Aw·‡Rb 4.0 wg. MÖv./wjUvi Gi D‡a©
ZvcgvÎv 24-30 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm
wc GBP 7.5-8.5
A¨v‡gvwbqv 0.5 wg. MÖv./wjUvi
Kve©b WvB A·vBW 10 wg. MÖv./wjUvi

4| f‚cÖK…wZ t GKwU n¨vPvwi wbgv©Y I myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ Z_v n¨vPvwi‡K jvfRbK n¨vPvwi‡Z cwibZ
Ki‡Z n‡j n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi c ‡e© H ¯’v‡bi f‚cÖK…wZ †hgb, DuPy, XvjyZv,BZ¨vw` †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb| n¨vPvwii
f‚cÖK…wZi Ici n¨vPvwii wbgv©Y LiP A‡bKvsk wbf©ikxj|

5| we`y¨r e¨e¯’v t n¨vPvwi myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡j Z_v Bw¯žZ dj jvf Ki‡Z n‡j we`y¨‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb
i‡q‡Q| ZvB n¨vPvwii Rb¨ ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb †mLv‡b we`y¨‡Zi mye¨e¯’v _v‡K|

n¨vPvwi myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbv

Ki‡Z n‡j Z_v n¨vPvwi 6| mvi I KuvPvgv‡ji mnRjf¨Zv t n¨vPvwii cÖvY n‡jv eª€W gvQ| Avi †mB eª€W e¨e¯’vcbvi Ask wn‡m‡e cyKz‡i
cÖvK…wZK Lv‡`¨i chv©ßZv eRvq ivL‡Z n‡j wbqwgZfv‡e n¨vPvwii cyKzi¸‡jv‡Z mvi cÖ‡qvM Kivi `iKvi nq|
wbgv‡Y©i c ‡e© Ges ¯’vb
wbev©P‡bi mgq gvwUi cÖK…wZ Acic‡¶ cÖvK…wZK Lvev‡ii cvkvcvwk m¤ž iK Lv`¨I cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq| ZvB mvi, gv‡Qi Lvevi cÖ¯‘‡Zi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq KuvPvgvj Ges n¨vPvwi wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KuvPvgvj mn‡RB cvIqv hvq Ggb RvqMvq n¨vPvwi
¯’vcb Kiv DwPZ|

7| †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v t n¨vPvwi wbgv©Y I cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ DcKiY cwienY, n¨vPvwi‡Z Drcvw`Z †iYy I †cvbv
mieivn ,n¨vPvwi‡Z eª€W gvQ I †cvbvi Lvevi mieivn BZ¨vw` bvbvwea Kvi‡Y n¨vPvwi‡Z Dchy³ †hvMv‡hvM
e¨e¯’v _vKv Avek¨K| ZvB n¨vPvwii Rb¨ ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi c ‡e© Aek¨B H ¯’v‡bi DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi
e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|

8| evRviRvZKi‡Yi mye¨e¯’v t n¨vPvwi‡Z Drcvw`Z †iYy I †cvbv evRviRvZ Kiv Ges n¨vPvwii gRy` cyKz‡ii gvQ
weµq Kivi Rb¨ Av‡k cv‡k evRvi _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Drcvw`Z †iYy I gvQ mwVK mg‡q evRviRvZ Ki‡Z bv
cvi‡j n¨vPvwi AjvfRbK n‡q c‡o| ZvB n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi mgq Aek¨B j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb H ¯’v‡b
evRviRvZKi‡Yi mye¨e¯’v _v‡K|

9| ` lYgy³ GjvKv t n¨vPvwi myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbv K‡i jvfevb n‡Z n‡j n¨vPvwii eª€W gvQ †iYy I †cvbvi Rb¨
` lYgy³ cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡hvRb| ZvB n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi mgq H ¯’vbwU mKj cÖKvi ` lYgy³ Kx
bv Zv wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
n¨vPvwii Av‡k cv‡ki cwi‡ek
` wlZ n‡j Zvi cÖfve
n¨vPvwii Rb¨ gvivÍK AvKvi 10| eb¨vgy³ GjvKv t n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq Aek¨B j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb GjvKvwU eb¨vgy³ nq |
aviY K‡i|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 6

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

†h‡Kvb ai‡bi n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Ggb me RvqMvq n¨vPvwi ¯’vcb Kiv DwPZ †hLv‡b DcwiDwj- wLZ myweav¸‡jv
we`¨gvb _v‡K|

Abykxjb (Activit) t ai€b Avcwb GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwi ¯’vcb Kivi K_v fve‡Qb| n¨vPvwiwU †Kgb RvqMvq ¯’vcb
Ki‡j jvfevb n‡e e‡j Avcwb g‡b Ki€b Zv hyw³mnKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki€b|

mvigg© t grm¨ n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi c ‡e© n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©Pb GKwU ¸i€Z¡c Y© welq| GKwU
Av`k© n¨vPvwi cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z n‡j n¨vPvwiwU ¯’vc‡bi c ‡e© Gi Rb¨ ¯’vb wbev©Pb we‡kl
¸i€‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e | grm¨ n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi mgq n¨vPvwi wbgv©Y LiP I
cyKzi wbg©vY LiP, gvwUi cÖK…wZ, mvsevrmwiK cvwbi Drm, f‚cªK…wZ, mvi I KuvPv gv‡ji
mnRjf¨Zv, we`y¨r e¨e¯’v, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v evRviRvZKi‡Yi mye¨e¯’v, ` lYgy³ GjvKv Ges
eb¨vgy³ GjvKv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv Aek¨B we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 7

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

cv‡VvËi g j¨vqb 1.2

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý ( √) w`b|
K. n¨vPvwii cvwbi Drm †Kvb&wU? Comment [S2]:
i) cyKz‡ii cvwb
ii ) eb¨vi cvwb
iii) b`xi cvwb
iv) Mfxi ev AMfxi bjK‚‡ci cvwb

L. grm¨ n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi Rb¨ gvwUi wc GBP KZ nIqv DwPZ|
i) 4.0-5.5
ii) 6.5-7.5
iii) 8.5-9.5
iv) 9.0-10.0

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕGes wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. grm¨ n¨vPvwii Rb¨ DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v m¤ž‡K© wbwðZ nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
L. n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbwU Aek¨B eb¨vgy³ nIqv DwPZ|

3| k b¨¯’vb c iY Ki€b|
K. n¨vPvwii Rb¨ Ggb RvqMv wbev©Pb Kiv DwPZ †hLv‡b cyKzi wbgv©‡Yi LiP ----------nq|
L. grm¨ n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi mgq f‚cÖK…wZ wn‡m‡e --------------- †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb|

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. n¨vPvwi‡Z e¨envh© cvwbi ZvcgvÎv KZ nIqv DwPZ?
L. n¨vPvwi‡Z grm¨ cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ Kve©b WvB A·vB‡Wi gvÎv KZ n‡j DËg|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 8

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

cvV 1.3 GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ As‡ki bvg ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii DŽP Rjvavi m¤ž‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

n¨vPvwii †MvjvKvi †PŠevŽPv I n¨vwPs Rvi m¤ž‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask

GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask _v‡K †h¸‡jv m¤ž‡K© n¨vPvwi ¯’vc‡bi c ‡e© Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| GKwU n¨vPvwii wewfbœ
Ask m¤ž‡K© mwVK Ávb bv _vK‡j n¨vPvwi myPvi€fv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv m¤¢e bq| ZvB grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask
m¤ž‡K© mg¨K Ávb _vKv Avek¨K|
GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii cÖavb Ask¸‡jv wbæiƒc t
1| DŽP Rjvavi ev Ifvi‡nW U¨vsK
2| eª€W gvQ I †iYyi †PŠevŽPv, †MvjvKvi †PŠevŽPv
3| n¨vwPs Rvi ev wWg dzUv‡bvi U¨vsK
4| cÖmywZ cÖ¯‘wZ †PŠevŽPv ev eª€W gv‡Qi U¨vsK
5| n¨vPvwii Ni
6| Mfxi ev AMfxi bjK‚c
7| cÖRbb U¨vsK
8| wWg msMÖn Kivi U¨vsK
9| ¸`vg Ni
10| cv¤ž nvDR
11| wewfbœ ai‡bi cyKzi

n¨Pvwi‡Z cvwb mieiv‡ni 12| wewfbœ ai‡bi †cvbv I eª€W gvQ cvj‡bi cyKzi
c ‡e© cvwb‡K msi¶Y I
cÖwµqv-Ki‡Yi Rb¨ †h DŽP Rjvavi
Rjvavi wbgv©Y Kiv nq Zv‡K
DŽP Rjvavi ejv nq|
GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwi myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq| n¨Pvwi‡Z cvwb mieiv‡ni c ‡e©
cvwb‡K msi¶Y I cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ †h Rjvavi wbgv©Y Kiv nq Zv‡K DŽP Rjvavi ejv nq| G Rjvavi‡K †iYy
Drcv`bKvix †PŠevŽPv n‡Z A_v©r f‚wg †_‡K wZb wgUvi DuPy‡Z ¯’vcb Ki‡j n¨vPvwi‡Z cvwb mieivn mnRZi nq|
n¨vPvwii Drcv`b ¶gZvi Ici DŽP Rjvav‡ii cvwb aviY ¶gZv wbf©i K‡i| DŽP Rjvav‡i NbNb cvwb D‡Ëvjb
Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq hv GKUv kªgwbf©i e¨vcvi| mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq 100 †KwR †iYy Drcv`b¶g n¨vPvwii Rb¨ 54000
wjUvi aviY ¶gZv m¤žbœ GKwU DŽP Rjvavi wb©gvY Kiv n‡j 6-8 N›Uv e¨veav‡b cvwb D‡Ëvjb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
A_v©r †iYy Drcv`‡bi GKwU av‡c 10-12 evi cvwb D‡Ëvjb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq| G‡Z n¨vPvwi‡Z cvwb mieiv‡n SzuwK

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 9

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

Kg _v‡K| cvwb‡Z Aw·‡Rb e„w× I cvwb‡K †jŠn gy³ Kivi Rb¨ DŽP Rjvav‡ii Dc‡i K‡qKwU ¯ ‡ii wQ`ª hy³
óx‡ji ZvK ¯’vcb Kiv DwPZ|

n¨vwPs Rvi
n¨vPvwi‡Z †h cv‡Î wbwl³ wWg †i‡L dzUv‡q †iYy †cvbvq cwiYZ nIqvi ciI 3-4 w`b ch©š ivLv nq †m cv·K
n¨vwPs Rvi ejv nq| G‡K wWg dzUv‡bvi U¨vsKI ejv nq| GwU mvaviYZ 250-300 wjUvi cvwb aviY¶g GKwU
†MvjvKvi cvwbi cvÎ| Gai‡bi n¨vwPs Rv‡i wbwl³ wWg †i‡L cvwbi cÖevn Pvjbv Kiv nq| GKwU n¨vwPs Rv‡i
mvaviYZ 300-500 MÖvg wbwl³ wWg ivLv nq | wWg dzUv‡bvi U¨vsK wewfbœ AvKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| †hgb− †MvjvKvi
dv‡bj AvK…wZi|

n¨vPvwii Ni
n¨vPvwii g j AeKvVv‡gv‡K †iv`, e„wó BZ¨vw` †_‡K i¶v K‡i wbqwš Z cwi‡ek m„wó Kivi Rb¨ n¨vPvwi‡Z Ni wb©gvY
Kiv n‡q _v‡K| n¨vPvwii Ni mvaviYZ cvKv, AvavcvKv ev KuvPv n‡q _v‡K| n¨vPvwii NiwU Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv nq
†hb n¨vPvwi‡Z chv©ß cwigv‡Y evZvm PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Mfxi ev AMfxi bjK‚c

GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwi cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cvwb mieivn AZxe Ri€ix welq| n¨vPvwii cvwb mvaviYZ cwi®‹vi, I chv©ß
Aw·‡Rbhy³ n‡Z nq| n¨vPvwii cvwb‡Z 0.03 wbhyZvs‡ki †ewk †jŠn _vK‡j †iYy cÖvwßi nvi Kg nq| ZvB n¨vPvwi‡Z
Mfxi ev AMfxi bjK‚c ¯’vcb Kiv LyeB ¸iZ¡c Y© Ges bjK‚c ¯’vc‡bi c ‡e© †Uó †evwis‡qi mvnv‡h¨ H ¯’v‡bi cvwb
cix¶v K‡i †bqv DwPZ|

cÖRbb U¨vsK ev †MvjvKvi †PŠevŽPv

†MvjvKvi †PŠevŽPvq cvwbi cÖevn Pvjbv K‡i gvQ‡K Bb‡RKkb w`‡q Zv‡Z †i‡L †`qv nq| i€BRvZxq gv‡Qi ‡¶‡Î
gvQ‡K Bb‡RKkb †`qvi ci gvQ‡K mwi‡q †djvi ci †MvjKvi †PŠevŽPvq wWg dzUvi c‡iI 3-4 w`b ch©š ivLv
nq| ZvQvov †Kvb †Kvb mgq Bb‡RKkb †`qvi ci G ai‡bi †PŠevŽPvq gvQ‡K wWg †`qvi mgq ch©š †i‡L w`‡q
Pvc cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wWg‡K †ei K‡i ïKbv cv‡Î wbwl³ K‡i n¨vwPs Rv‡i ivLv nq| †MvjvKvi †PŠevŽPv †cvbv
KbwWkwbs Kv‡RI e¨eüZ nq|

cÖmywZ cÖ¯‘wZ †PŠevŽPv

grm¨ n¨vPvwi‡Z wWgIqvjv gvQ‡K ni‡gvb Bb‡RKkb w`‡q cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRb‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cyKzi †_‡K wbev©Pb K‡i
cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ †h †PŠevŽPvq ivLv nq Zv‡K cÖmywZ cÖ¯‘wZ †PŠevŽPv ejv nq| G †PŠevŽPvq wWgIqvjv gvQ‡K 3-4 N›Uv
‡i‡L n¨vPvwii cvwbi mv‡_ Af¨¯ Kiv nq| hw` Pvc cÖ‡qvM c×wZ‡Z wWg wbwl³ Kiv nq Zvn‡j 1g I 2q
Bb‡RKkb w`‡q gvQ‡K cÖmywZ cÖ¯‘Z †PŠevŽPvq ivLv nq| cÖmywZ cÖ¯‘wZ QvovI G ai‡bi †PŠevŽPvq nvcv ¯’vcb K‡i
†iYy cwiPh©v, †cvbv cwien‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY BZ¨vw` KvR m¤žv`b Kiv nq|

¸`vg Ni
n¨vPvwii wewfbœ hš cvwZ, wewfbœ cÖRbb DcKiY, eª€W gvQ I †cvbvi Lv`¨ BZ¨vw` gRy` ivLvi Rb¨ †h Ni ˆZwi Kiv
nq Zv‡K ¸`vg Ni ejv nq| grm¨ n¨vPvwi‡Z ¸`vg Ni Aek¨B _vKv DwPZ|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 10

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

cv¤ž nvDR
n¨vPvwi‡Z mve©¶wYK cvwb mieivn wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU cv¤ž nvDR _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|

wewfbœ ai‡bi cyKzi

mvaviYZ GKwU eo AvKv‡ii grm¨ n¨vPvwi‡Z AvZzi cyKzi, jvjb cyKzi, Ges gRz` cyKzi _v‡K|

eª€W gvQ cvj‡bi cyKzi

GKwU eo AvKv‡ii grm¨ n¨vPvwi†Z wewfbœ cÖRvwZi eª€W gvQ jvjb cvj‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ AvKv‡ii cyKzi _vKv GKvš
cÖ‡qvRb| mviv eQi Kgc‡¶ 2 wgUvi cvwb _v‡K Ggb cyKz‡i cÖRbb¶g gvQ cÖwZcvjb Kiv DwPZ| cÖRbb¶g gv‡Qi
cyKz‡ii AvqZb 0.33 †_‡K .55 GK‡ii g‡a¨ n‡j fv‡jv nq|

Abykxjb (Activity) Avcbvi GjvKvq †hmKj n¨vPvwi we`¨gvb †m me n¨vPvwi cwi`k©b Ki€b Ges n¨vPvwi ¸‡jvi
cÖavb cÖavb Ask¸‡jvi bvg wjLyb|

mvigg©t GKwU n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask m¤ž‡K© mwVK Ávb bv _vK‡j n¨vPvwi myPvi€fv‡e
cwiPvjbv Kiv m¤¢e bq| GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii cÖavb Ask¸‡jv wbæiƒc, DŽP Rjvavi ev
Ifvi‡nW U¨vsK, eª€W gvQ I †iYyi †PŠevŽPv, †MvjvKvi †PŠevŽPv, n¨vwPs Rvi ev wWg
dzUv‡bvi U¨vsK, cÖmywZ cÖ¯‘wZ †PŠevŽPv ev eª€W gv‡Qi U¨sK, n¨vPvwii Ni wbgv©Y, Mfxi ev
AMfxi bjK‚c ¯’vcb, cÖRbb U¨vsK, wWg msMÖn Kivi U¨vsK, ¸`vg Ni, cv¤ž nvDR, wewfbœ
ai‡bi cyKzi, wewfbœ ai‡bi †cvbv I eª€W gvQ cvj‡bi cyKzi| n¨vPvwii cvwb mvaviYZ
cwi®‹vi, I chv©ß Aw·‡Rbhy³ n‡Z nq| grm¨ n¨vPvwi‡Z wWgIqvjv gvQ‡K ni‡gvb
Bb‡RKkb w`‡q cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRb‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cyKzi †_‡K wbev©Pb K‡i cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ †h
†PŠevŽPvq ivLv nq Zv‡K cÖmywZ cÖ¯‘wZ †PŠevŽPv ejv nq |

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 11

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

cv‡VvËi g j¨vqb 1.3

1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý ( √) w`b|
K. GKwU n¨vwPs Rv‡i mvaviYZ KZ MÖvg wbwl³ wWg ivLv n‡q _v‡K? Comment [S3]:
i) 200-300 MÖvg|
ii ) 300-400 MÖvg|
iii) 500-600 MÖvg|
iv) 300-500 MÖvg|

L. cÖmywZ cÖ¯‘wZ †PŠevŽPvq wWgIqvjv gvQ‡K KZ mgq †i‡L n¨vPvwii cvwbi mv‡_ Af¨¯ Kiv nq|
i) 2-3 N›Uv|
ii) 4-5 N›Uv |
iii) 3-4 N›Uv|
iv) 3-5 N›Uv|

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕGes wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. †iYy Drcv`‡bi GKwU av‡c 10-12 evi cvwb D‡Ëvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
L. GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii cÖavb Ask 10 wU|

3| k b¨¯’vb c iY Ki€b|
K. mvaviYZ GKwU eo grm¨ n¨vPvwi‡Z AvZzi cyKzi, jvjb cyKzi Ges----- _v‡K|
L. n¨vwPs Rv‡i ---- wWg †i‡L cvwbi cÖevn Pvjbv Kiv nq|

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. n¨vwPs Rvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
L. DŽP Rjvavi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 12

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

e¨envwiK
cvV 1.4 gvV ch©v‡q grm¨ n¨vPvwi ch©‡e¶Y|
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

gvV ch©v‡qi GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii ev¯ e wPÎ Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

gvV ch©v‡qi n¨vPvwiwU †Kvb& ai‡bi n¨vPvwi Zv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wb‡R wb‡R GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwi ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖvmw½K Z_¨
gvV ch©v‡q grm¨ n¨vPvwi ch©‡e¶Y e¨envwiK Ávb AR©‡bi †¶‡Î LyeB mnvqK| gvV ch©v‡q GKwU n¨vPvwi‡K
m‡iRwg‡b ch©‡e¶‡Yi c ‡e© GB †Kvm© eB‡qi BDwbU 1 Gi cvV 1.1, cvV 1.2 Ges cvV 1.3 Gi welqe¯‘ fv‡jvfv‡e
AvqZ¡ Ki€b| G‡Z n¨vPvwi, n¨vPvwii cÖKvi‡f` I n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask BZ¨vw` m¤ž‡K© mg¨K Ávb jvf Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| gvV ch©v‡q n¨vPvwi ch©‡e¶Y Gi c ‡e© DcwiDwj- wLZ welq¸‡jv m¤ž‡K© Aek¨B mwVK aviYv _vKv
cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki AwaKvsk grm¨ n¨vPvwi miKvix ev †emiKvix gvwjKvaxb nIqvq n¨vPvwi ch©‡e¶‡Yi c ‡e©
n¨vPvwi KZ…c‡¶i AbygwZ †bqv cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1| gvV ch©v‡q GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwi, †iYy †cvbv, avbx †cvbv, Av½yjx †cvbv BZ¨vw`|
2| e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

Kv‡Ri aviv
• cÖ_‡gB †h grm¨ n¨vPvwiwU ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb Zv ch©‡e¶‡Yi c ‡e© n¨vPvwi KZ©…c‡¶i h_vh_ AbygwZ wbb|
• †h n¨vPvwiwU ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb Zvi Ae¯’vb wbev©Pb Ki€b|
• AZtci wbav©wiZ ZvwiL I mg‡q n¨vPvwii ¯’v‡b †cŠ‡Q hvb|
• n¨vPvwiwUi ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi †¶‡Î mwVKfv‡e wbev©Pb K‡i‡Q wKbv Zv ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b| G e¨vcv‡i Avcbvi my¯žó
gZvgZ LvZvq wjLyb|
• Gevi n¨vPvwiwU †Kvb& ai‡bi n¨vPvwi Zv ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b Ges cÖKvi‡f`wUi bvg wjwce× Ki€b|
• AZtci n¨vPvwiwUi AvqZb, wbg©vY mvgMÖx BZ¨vw` ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|
• Gici n¨vPvwii cÖavb cÖavb Ask¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|
• Gev‡i n¨vPvwi‡Z cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ cÖRbb nvcv¸‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|
• Gici n¨vPvwi‡Z gRy`K…Z eª€W gvQ, Drcvw`Z †iYy, Lv`¨ DcKiY BZ¨vw` ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|
• Dc‡ii KvR¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e Avcbvi e¨envwiK LvZvq wjwce× Ki€b Ges h_vmg‡q Avcbvi wUDUi‡K
†`wL‡q ¯^v¶i wbb|

mveavbZv
• gvV ch©v‡q n¨vPvwi ch©‡e¶‡Yi mgq we‡klfv‡e j¶¨ ivLyb †hb †Kvbfv‡e n¨vPvwii †iYy †cvbv ev eª€W gv‡Qi
†hb ¶wZmvab bv nq|
• n¨vPvwii †Kvb cÖRbb DcKi‡Yi †hb ¶wZ bv nq †m w`‡K we‡kl mZ©K `„wó ivLyb|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 13

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

e¨envwiK
cvV 1.5 GKwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ As‡ki mv‡_ cwiwPwZ
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

GKwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask wb‡R wb‡R kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

GKwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwii cÖRbb U¨sK, wWg msMÖn I wWg dzUv‡bvi U¨vsK m¤ž‡K© ev¯ e aviYv wb‡Z
cvi‡eb|
cÖvmw½K Z_¨
GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwi‡K mdjfv‡e e¨e¯’vcbv ev cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡j n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b AZxe
¸i€Z¡c Y©| GKwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask¸‡jv m‡iRwg‡b †`‡L G¸‡jv‡K kbv³ Kiv, Ask¸‡jvi mv‡_
cwiwPwZ nIqvi Rb¨ e¨envwiK Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| GKwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ As‡ki mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z
n‡j GB †Kvm© eB‡qi BDwbU 1 Gi cvV 1.2 Ges cvV 1.3 Gi welqe¯‘¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e AvqZ¡ Ki€b| G‡Z Avcwb
n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡b we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv Ges n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask¸‡jv m¤ž‡K© we¯ vwiZ Ávb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
GKwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwii cÖavb Ask¸‡jv n‡ŽQ cÖRbb U¨vsK, eª€W gv‡Qi wWg msMÖn I dzUv‡bvi Rb¨ wewfbœ
ai‡bi U¨vsK (Rvi, dv‡bj, nvcv I †MvjvKvi), †cvbv cvj‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi cyKzi, Ifvi †nW U¨vsK, cv¤ž
nvDR, ¸`vg Ni cÖf…wZ|
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1| GKwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwi, n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask, cÖf…wZ|
2| e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j cÖf…wZ|
Kv‡Ri aviv
• cÖ_‡gB GKwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwi wbev©Pb Ki€b| Ges n¨vPvwiwU cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ n¨vPvwi KZ…c‡¶i mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM K‡i h_vh_fv‡e AbygwZ wbb|
• Gi ci wbe©vwPZ n¨vPvwi‡Z wba©vwiZ ZvwiL I h_v mg‡q †cuŠ‡Q hvb|
• Gevi n¨vPvwii Ae¯’vbwU fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b Ges Gi †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, ˆe`y¨wZK e¨e¯’v, cvwbi Drm
BZ¨vw` fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|
• AZtci n¨vPvwii cÖavb cÖavb Ask¸‡jv Lye fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b Ges G‡`i AvKvi I AvK…wZ j¶¨
Ki€b|
• Gici n¨vPvwiwU Av`k© grm¨ n¨vPvwi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nIqvi KviY¸‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b Ges KviY¸‡jv LvZvq
wjwce× Ki€b|
• n¨vPvwiwUi wewfbœ Ask Kx Kx DcKiY Øviv Kxfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv fv‡jvfv‡e j¶¨ Ki€b Ges wewfbœ
As‡ki ˆZwii e¨q m¤ž‡K©I aviYv wbb|
• n¨vPvwiwUi wewfbœ ai‡bi cyKzi, wewfbœ U¨vsK, cvwbi cv¤ž †gwkb ¸`vgNi BZ¨vw` fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|
• n¨vPvwi‡Z eª€W gv‡Qi U¨vsK¸‡jv Kxfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv nq Zv †R‡b wbb|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 14

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

• Dcwiwj- wLZ KvR¸‡jv m¤žv`b K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wPÎ AsKb K‡i avivevwnKfv‡e Avcbvi e¨envwiK LvZvq
wjwce× Ki€b Ges Avcbvi wUDUi‡K †`wL‡q ¯^v¶i wbb|
mveavbZv
• n¨vPvwii †Kvb As‡ki †hb †Kvb ¶wZ bv nq †mw`‡K we‡klfv‡e `„wó ivLyb|
• mZ©KZvi mv‡_ n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask¸‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 15

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

e¨envwiK
cvV 1.6 wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwi cwiwPwZ |
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

GKwU Kvc© n¨vPvwii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z cvi‡eb|

GKwU Mj`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evM`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi m¤ž‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

†QvU ,gvSvwi I eo AvKv‡ii n¨vPvwi m¤ž‡K© ev¯ e aviYv wb‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwi cwiwPwZ

cÖvmwOMK Z_¨
wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwi m¤ž‡K© e¨envwiK Ávb AR©b Kiv LyeB ¸i€Z¡c Y©| †h †Kvb ai‡bi n¨vPvwi myóyfv‡e cwiPvjbvi
Rb¨ n¨vPvwi m¤ž‡K© ev¯ e Ávb _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb| wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwii mv‡_ cwiwPwZ m¤ž‡K© e¨envwiK Ávb jv‡fi
Rb¨ BDwbU 1 Gi cvV 1.1 Gi cvV 1.3 Gi welq¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e AvqZ¡ Ki€b| G‡Z K‡i Avcwb wewfbœ ai‡bi
n¨vPvwi m¤ž‡K© mwVK aviYv †c‡q hv‡eb|
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1| wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwi, n¨vPvwii wewfbœ DcKiY BZ¨vw`|
2| e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j cÖf…wZ|
Kv‡Ri aviv
• cÖ_‡gB wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwi cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ K‡qKwU n¨vPvwi wbev©Pb Ki€b Ges n¨vPvwi KZ©„c‡¶i mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM K‡i h_vh_fv‡e AbygwZ wbb|
• AZtci wbw`©ó ZvwiL I mg‡q me¸‡jv n¨vPvwi cwi`k©‡bi cwiKíbv nv‡Z wbb|
• Gevi cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cÖ_‡gB GKwU Kvc© n¨vPvwi cwi`k©b Ki€b Ges cwi`k©bKv‡j fv‡jvfv‡e j¶¨ Ki€b
n¨vPvwi‡Z †Kvb& cÖRvwZi gvQ‡K Kxfv‡e cÖRbb Kvh© m¤žv`b Kiv n‡ŽQ| ZvQvov n¨vPvwii wbg©vY †KŠkj I
cwiPvjbv c×wZ ev¯ ‡e †`‡L Zvi myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv kbv³ Ki€b|
• Gev‡i GKwU Mj`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi cwi`k©b Ki€b Ges n¨vPvwi‡Z Kxfv‡e Mj`v wPswoi cÖRbb Kiv n‡ŽQ Zv
fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|
• AZtci GKwU evM`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi cwi`k©b Ki€b| n¨vPvwiwU Kx Øviv ˆZwi, n¨vPvwi‡Z Kxfv‡e evM`v wPswoi
cÖ‡Yvw`Z cÖRbb Kiv n‡ŽQ †m¸‡jv j¶¨ Ki€b Ges n¨vPvwii wewfbœ Ask Kxfv‡e ¯’vcb Kiv Av‡Q, Kx Øviv
ˆZwi Kiv Av‡Q Zv j¶¨ Ki€b|
• Gici cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU avivevwnKfv‡e mveavbZvi m‡½u ch©‡e¶Y KiZt cÖ‡qvRbxq wPÎ AsKb K‡i ch©‡e¶YwU
m¤žbœ Ki€b|
• wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvix¸‡jvi kbv³KiY ˆewk󨸇jv e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb ,me‡k‡l e¨envwiK LvZvwU
g j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wUDUi‡K †`Lvb I Zv‡Z mB wbb|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 16

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

mveavbZv
• wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwi cwi`k©‡bi mgq mZ©KZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e †hb n¨vPvwii †Kv‡bv hš vsk ev cÖRb‡bi
†Kv‡bv DcKi‡Yi ¶wZ bv nq|
• cwi`k©bKvjxb mg‡q g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q mveavbZvi mv‡_ cÖwZwU n¨vPvwi ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 17

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

e¨envwiK
cvV 1.7 n¨vPvwi‡Z wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †cvbv kbv³KiY
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

wb‡R wb‡R n¨vPvwi‡Z †iYy †cvbv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wb‡R wb‡R Pviv †cvbv wPb‡Z cvi‡eb|

wbR nv‡Z Av½yu‡j †cvbv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wb‡RB wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi Av½y‡j †cvbvi ‰ewkó¨ kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

n¨vPvwi‡Z wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †cvbv kbv³KiY

cÖvmw½K Z_¨
n¨vPvwii myôz cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †cvbv‡K kbv³ Kiv GKwU LyeB ¸i€Z¡c Y©„ welq| wewfbœ AvKv‡ii
†cvbvi e¨e¯’vcbv wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| n¨vPvwi‡Z †iYy kbv³Ki‡Yi d‡j cQ›` I Pvwn`vgZ †iYy msMÖn I
mieivn Kiv mnR nq| n¨vPvwi‡Z mvaviYZ †hme †cvbv Drcv`b Kiv nq †m¸‡jv‡K wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
1| †iYy †cvbv|
2| avbx †cvbv ev Pviv †cvbv|
3| Av½y‡j †cvbv|

1| †iYy †cvbv t n¨vPvwi‡Z wWg dzUv‡bvi ci †h evŽPv Drcbœ nq Zv‡K †iYy †cvbv ejv nq| †iYy †cvbvi eqm 3-10
w`b Ges AvKv‡i 0.5 †m. wg.n‡Z -2 .‡m. wg. ch©š n‡q _v‡K| fv‡jv †iYy †cvbv †Pbvi K‡qKwU mnR Dcvq
i‡q‡Q| fv‡jv †iYy †cvbvq wb‡æi ˆewkó¸‡jv cwijw¶Z nq|
• †iYy †cvbv Pjv‡divq †ek mnbkxj nq|
• G‡`i †`‡ni is Kvj‡P ev`vwg i‡Oi nq|
• fv‡jv †iYy †cvbvi cv‡Î nvZ †`qvi mv‡_ mv‡_B nv‡Zi KvQ †_‡K Giv m‡i hvq|

wPÎ 1 t †iYy †cvbv

2| avbx †cvbv ev Pviv †cvbv t n¨vPvwi‡Z †iYy †cvbv hLb AvKv‡i e„w× †c‡q 1.5-2.0 †m. wg. Gi eo nq ZLb
†`L‡Z A‡bKUv av‡bi AvK…wZi gZ †`Lvq A_©vr ‡iYy †cvbv hLb gv‡Qi AvK…wZ cvq ZLb H †cvbv‡K avbx
†cvbv ejv nq| wbqwgZ Lvevi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j 8-10 w`‡bi g‡a¨B avbx †cvbv Av½y‡j †cvbvq i€cvš wiZ nq|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 18

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

wPÎ 2t avbx †cvbv

3| Av½y‡j †cvbv t avbx †cvbv ev Pviv †cvbv hLb Av‡iv wKQyw`b ci eo n‡q nv‡Zi Av½y‡ji b¨vq AvK…wZ aviY
K‡i ev Zvi †P‡qI eo AvKvi aviY K‡i (7 †m.wg. Gi †P‡q eo Ges IRb 5-25 MÖvg) ZLb H Ae¯’vq
†cvbv‡K Av½y‡j †cvbv ejv nq| Av½uy‡j †cvbv‡K †ek mn‡RB kbv³ Kiv hvq|

wPÎ 3 t Av½y‡j †cvbv

wb‡æ K‡qKwU gv‡Qi Av½y‡j †cvbvi kbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨ D‡j- L Kiv n‡jv|
KvZjv
†`‡ni Zzjbvq G‡`i gv_v †ek eo n‡q _v‡K| wc‡Vi, †j‡Ri I cvqy cvLbv a mi e‡Y©i nq| G‡`i gyL PIov
_v‡K| †VvuU c„i€ Z‡e LvRwewkó bq|

i€B
G‡`i †`n wKQyUv j¤^v‡U n‡q _v‡K| †j‡Ri †Mvovq Kv‡jv †Mvj wPý _v‡K| G‡`i Dc‡ii †VuvU evov‡bv Ges LvRhy³
nq| cvLbvi AMÖfvM mvgvb¨ jvj‡P i‡½i n‡q _v‡K|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 19

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

g„‡Mj
g„‡M‡ji †cvbvi †`n mi€ Ges j¤^v nq| †j‡Ri †Mvovq †PvKv Kv‡jv wPý _v‡K| †`‡ni Ici j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e wdZvi
b¨vq nvjKv Kv‡jv `vM _v‡K| †VvuU mgvb Ges gyL wbægyLx †j‡Ri cvLbv jvj‡P i‡Oi n‡q _v‡K|

MÖvm Kvc©
G‡`i †`n j¤^v I †MvjvKvi Ges is mvgvb¨ meyRvf n‡q _v‡K| gv_v †QvU Ges j¤^v‡U| wc‡Vi cvLbvi cÖ¯ †QvU
Z‡e wKQyUv j¤^v n‡q _v‡K |

Kgb Kvc©
G‡`i †`n PIov Ges mvgvb¨ †mvbvjx e‡Y©i n‡q _v‡K| wc‡Vi cvLbv cÖvq †j‡Ri Ask ch©š we¯ …Z _v‡K| G‡`i
gv_v †QvU I wcV DuPz nq| wc‡Vi cvLbvq k³ KuvUv we`¨gvb|

wmjfvi Kvc©
G‡`i‡K †`L‡Z A‡bKUv Pvwcjv gv‡Qi gZ †`Lvq| G‡`i †`n †PcUv I D¾¡j mv`v e‡Y©i| G‡`i AuvBk †QvU n‡q
_v‡K| †c‡Ui wbP cÖvš avivj _v‡K bv|

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gv‡Qi †iYy †cvbv, Pviv †cvbv, Av½yu‡j †cvbv cÖf…wZ|
2| e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, mvc©bvi, ivevi, †¯‹j cÖf…wZ|

Kv‡Ri aviv
• cÖ_‡gB †iYy †cvbv , avbx †cvbv Ges Av½y‡j ev Pviv †cvbv Kv‡K e‡j Zv fv‡jvfv‡e †R‡b wbb|
• Gevi n¨vPvwi‡Z wWg †_‡K evŽPv dzUvi ciciB j¶¨ Ki‡j †MvjvKvi wKQyUv mv`v e‡Y©i †h †cvbv †`L‡Z cv‡eb
ZvB n‡jv †iYy †cvbv| Gevi †iYy †cvbvi AvKvi AvK…wZ ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b Ges Avcbvi e¨envwiK LvZvq Zv
wjwce× Ki€b|
• AZtci n¨vPvwii avbx †cvbvi Rjvav‡i wM‡q †cvbv¸‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b| av†bi AvK…wZi b¨vq A_v©r gv‡Qi
†cvbvi gZ AvK…wZ jvfKvix †cvbv¸‡jv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e j¶¨ Ki€b|
• Gevi Ab¨ GKwU Rjvav‡i iw¶Z Av½yjx †cvbv¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b Ges Zv‡`i ˆewk󨸇jv j¶¨
K‡i †Kvb&wU †Kvb& cÖRvwZi †cvbv Zv kbv³ Ki€b|
• Gev‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wPÎ AsKb K‡i cy‡iv ch©‡e¶YwU avivevwnKfv‡e Avcbvi e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb|
• cwi‡k‡l e¨envwiK LvZvwU Avcbvi wUDUi‡K †`wL‡q h_vmg‡q ¯^v¶i wbb|

mveavbZv
• n¨vPvwi‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi †cvbv kbv³ Kivi mgq †cvbvi eqm, AvKvi, AvK…wZ BZ¨vw` ˆewk󨸇jv AwZ
wbweofv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki€b|
• mZ©KZvi mv‡_ †cvbv bvovPvov Ki€b †hb †cvbvi †Kvb& cªKvi ¶wZ bv nq|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 20

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

P‚ovš g j¨vqb− BDwbU 1

msw¶ß I iPbvg jK cÖkœvejx|

1| n¨vPvwi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ?
2| n¨vPvwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡j- L Ki€b ?
3| wewfbœ ai‡bi n¨vPvwii msw¶ß weeiY w`b|
4| GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii cÖavb Ask¸‡jvi bvg wjLyb|
5| GKwU grm¨ n¨vPvwii ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi mgq †h welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e Zv‡`i msw¶ß weeiY w`b|
6| †iYy I avbx †cvbvi msÁv wjLyb|
7| i€B, KvZjv, wmjfvi Kvc© ,MÖvm Kvc© Gi †cvbvi kbv³Kvix ˆewk󨸇jv wjLyb|
8| n¨vPvwi‡Z KZ ai‡bi †cvbv cvIqv hvq ? Zv‡`i bvg wjLyb|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 21

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

DËigvjv − BDwbU 1
cvV 1.1
1| K. ii L. iii
2| K. wg L. m
3| K. n¨vPvwi ¯’vcb L. evM`v wPswoi n¨vPvwi
4| K. GK Rb L. wZb ai‡bi

cvV 1.2
1| K. i L. ii
2| K. wg. L. m
3| K. Kg L. DPz, XvjyZv BZ¨vw`
4| K. 24-30 †mjwmqvm L. 10wg. MÖv./wj

cvV 1.3
1| K. i L. iii
2| K . m L. wg
3| K. gRy` cyKzi L. wbwl³
4| K. n¨vPvwi‡Z †h cv‡Î wbwl³ wWg †i‡L dzUv‡q †iYy †cvbvq cwiYZ nIqvi ciI 3-4 w`b ch©š ivLv nq
†m cv·K n¨vwPs Rvi ejv nq|
L. n¨Pvwi‡Z cvwb mieiv‡ni c ‡e© cvwb‡K msi¶Y I cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ †h Rjvavi wbgv©Y Kiv nq Zv‡K
DŽP Rjvavi ejv nq|

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 22

 grm¨ n¨vPvwi

¯‹zj Af& GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ i€i¨vj wW‡ c‡g›U 23