Session 1: Introduction to ICT

To store Data we use many methods like writing

on paper, recording or we can type the content in
digital format. All these are used to store data.
Some data are stored in digital format in mobiles,
computers or any other digital devices, these
devices are called ICT(information and
communication technology) devices. In this
section, we will read about the functioning of some
devices which we use in daily life.

ICT at Workplace
ICT is a very important part of the workplace.
Almost all the sectors of the economy use ICT to
store information and for the transaction of
money. Nowadays all the information is being
digitalised as it is very easy to send to many
people in a very little time.

At the workplace, we use different programs to

complete our tasks like in banking we use ICT for
maintaining records of people and for the
transaction of money. In the same manner, we use
computers for editing videos, booking tickets,
animating, recording, storing data etc.
ICT at Home
ICT has also become a part of our home
appliances. These days Television is very common
in every house for entertainment and Mobile for
calling. Now mobile is also used for online
classes. Smartphones with internet connections
are very helpful to stay connected with our friends,
family through Facebook, Instagram etc.
Here are some examples of ICT uses in different
sectors
Agriculture: Activities related to research and
development
Beauty and Wellness: Use for Training
programmes
Banking and Finance: Storing data and for the
secure transaction of money
Health Care: Research and development of health
facilities

Session 2: ICT Tools: Smartphones

and Tablets - I
Smartphone: Once the mobile phone was only
used for talking but nowadays smartphones came
into existence. With smartphones we can
purchase things online, we can play games, watch
movies, make a video call, book a ticket and many
more things. Android, IOS and Windows are some
common operating systems of smartphones.
Tablet: Tablet is also like a smartphone. It has a
wider screen. Some activities like reading and
watching movies need a wider screen so we use
tablets. It can do almost all the things that a
computer does.
TV and Radio: TV and Radio are used as ICT tools
for a long time. Radio is used to broadcast only
sound. TV is used to broadcast both sound and
video. It is the easiest way to reach a large number
of people at a time.
Applications or apps: Apps are just like a program
on the computer. different apps have different
functions. Some apps are already present on
phones or tablets. There are many apps present in
an online stores like google play store and Apple
App Store. We can purchase or download it free of
cost.

Commonly found Apps

Session 3: ICT Tools: Smartphones
and Tablets — II
Mobile device layout
Power Button: used to start and shut down
Screen: on which we perform functions
Back Button: used to back screen
Microphone: Used while talking
Menu Button: Used to show options
Home Button: It brings back the home screen
Earpiece: used to listen to the voice on calls
Volume Button: Used to increase or decrease
sound

Basic features of a mobile device

Bluetooth: Short-range wireless connectivity
Rechargeable Battery: To powerup device
WiFi: To connect local area network or internet
Cellular Network: Provides network to Call, send
messages and connect with internet
GPS: to provide location services

Home Screen of a Mobile Device

Top: It s a status bar that displays icons of the
network, wifi, battery level etc.
Middle: the main part of the screen on which we
do all tasks.
Bottom: It has a back, recent and home button

Basic Gesture use

Tap: to select
Tap and hold: It acts like right-click on the mouse
which shows options
Pinch: to Zoom in or out
Double-tap: to Zoom

Session 4: Parts of a Computer and

Peripherals
Input Device: Device through which we input data
in a computer. Like- Mouse, Keyboard
Keyboard
Types of keys on Keyboard
1. Function keys: Keys from F1 to F12 which
performs special functions
2. Control Keys: Ctrl, Alt, Tab, Shift are control keys
3. Enter Key: to enter the data
4. Navigation Key: The four arrow keys(Up, Down,
Left, Right) are navigation keys
5. Command Keys: Delete and backspace are
command keys.
6. Windows Keys: It opens the start menu

Pointing Devices:
Mouse: It allows to control the pointer of the
mouse on the screen and select icons.
Joystick: It is commonly used for video games
Light pen: used to make graphic designs
Graphic Tablet: It allows you to write on the
screen.
Touchscreen: To send touch signals to a computer
Trackball: It is just like a mouse but used for
special purpose
Scanner: It scans the document and converts it
into digital form

MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader used to read

Cheques in Banks.
OCR: Optical Character Reader to convert books
and prints to electronic form
OMR: Optical Mark Reader used to detect marks
on paper of MCQ type exams
Barcode Reader: It is used to read barcodes on
different things like books, food packets etc
Microphone (Mic): To Input audio
Web Camera: to input Video
Biometric Sensor: To input Fingerprints
Smart Card Reader: It reads Credit and Debit Cards

Output Devices
Output Devices are used to get the output of the
task done on the computer. First of All, we input
some data and then it goes into processing after
all we get the final result.

We get output from these devices: Monitor, Printer,

Plotter, Speaker, Headphone, Projector, Speach
Synthesizer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

It is the part of the computer which carries out all
the tasks. It mainly processes the input data and
gives the output data.
ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit carries out all
logical and arithmetic tasks like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, <,>,= etc.
Control Unit (CU): It mainly coordinates with input
and output devices.
Motherboard
A motherboard also referred to as a system board,
is the main circuit board inside a computer. It
connects input, processing and output devices.

Computer Memory
It is a storage area where all the data is stored.

Primary Memory
RAM: Random Access Memory is an internal
memory that is volatile means no data is saved in
RAM. Only tasks are carried out in this memory.

ROM: Read Only Memory stores all the data. It is

non Volatile that means once data is saved it
remains there until you delete it.

Secondary Memory
It is an external device to store data. Example:
Pendrives, CDs, External Hard Disk Drive, Memory
Card etc.
Key Concepts
• 8 bits make a byte
• 1024 bytes make a kilobyte(KB).
• 1024 KB make 1 megabyte (MB)
• 1024 megabyte make 1 gigabyte (GB)
• 1024 gigabytes make 1 terabyte (TB)

Ports and connections

The slots in which we connect a mouse, keyboard,
pen drive, internet etc.

USB: Universal Serial Bus Port used to connect a

mouse, keyboard pen drives
Display Port: It connects video devices like Monitor
and Projector
Audio Ports: It is used to connect audio devices
like Mic, Speakers
Ethernet Port: It connects to high-speed internet
Power Port: It is used to connect the power supply.

Session 5: Basic Computer Operations

Computer hardware: The physical part of a
computer which we can touch like monitor, CPU,
UPS, keyboard, Mouse etc are the hardware of the
computer.
Software: The part that we cannot see or touch like
programmes on a computer. The software makes
hardware work or interacts with humans. The most
important software is OS (Operating System). It
starts working as soon as we start the computer.
Example: Windows, Ubuntu, Linux etc.

Starting a computer
To start a computer, press the Power button on
the CPU. This will start the Windows operating
system and display the Windows desktop on the
monitor.

Basic functions performed when a computer starts

When we start the computer, it runs automatically
a basic program BIOS which self tests. If
everything is ok then it runs OS and finally, the
computer starts.

Login and logout

When multiple users use the same computer and
want to secure their data separately then they can
create login IDs. each one has a different
password to start the computer and after
completing the task logout is done.

Shutting down a computer

It is a process to turn off the computer. To shut
down the computer in Ubuntu by clicking
“Systems” at the top right and then click on Shut
Down. In windows, we can click Alt+F4 to shut
down the computer.

Files and folders

File: All information are kept in files. Files have

names and extensions. Different files have
different extensions to identify the file types. Ex-
.txt for text document, .jpeg for image, .avi for
video etc

Folder: It is a location where a group of files can

be stored. We can create a no. of folders inside the
folder. A folder within folded is called a subfolder.

Session 7: Communication and

Networking — Basics of Internet
Internet is a huge network of computers around
the world. World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection
of all websites we visit on the internet.

Uses Of Internet
• Search information
• Shopping
• Online booking
• Entertainment
• E-mail and chatting
• Online learning
• Social networking
• Online banking

Connecting to the Internet

An Internet Service Provider (ISP)─i.e., the
telephone company which provides Internet
connectivity using the phone lines or a wireless
network.

Types of connections
(a) Wired connections: When the internet is
connected through a wired medium like ethernet
cable.
(b) Wireless connection: When the internet is
connected through a wireless medium like Wifi.
Bandwidth: The amount of data transferred in a
certain amount of time. In analogue devices, the
bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or
Hertz (Hz). Data transferred digitally is measured
by bits per second (bps)

1 Kbps (kilobits per second) = 1000 bits per

second
1 Mbps (megabits per second) = 1000 kilo bits per
second
1 Gbps (gigabits per second) = 1,000 mega bits
per second

Internet browser: The application software is used

to visit websites. Example -Chrome, Firefox

Session 8: Communication and

Networking — Internet Browsing
World Wide Web (WWW)
It is a vast network of files stored in computers all
over the world.It is made up of

1. Web Page: A web page is a document present

on a computer that is connected to the internet
each webpage has a unique address like
https://www.crackmycbse.com.
2. Web browser: Application software to use the
information available on the Internet. Ex- Chrome,
Opera, Firefox

3. Hyperlinks: Highlighted words on a webpage. If

you click on that it will redirect you to another
page.

Important parts of a web browser

(i) Address bar: To type the address of the

webpage
(ii) Tabbed browsing (Ctrl+T): It is used to view
multiple web pages in the same window
(iii) Back and forward buttons: Used to get back or
next page
(iv) Refresh button (F5): To refresh the page

Session 9: Communication and

Networking — Introduction to e-Mail
Electronic Mail (E-mail) is a quick way to send
messages to people using the internet. We can
send videos, documents, spreadsheets, etc., along
with the e-mail as attachments.
E-mail ID or Address
The e-mail address is made up of two parts
separated by the @ symbol.
Ex- [email protected], crackmycbse is the
name given by the user and gmail.com domain
which provides mail service.

Advantages of e-mail
1. Delivery of mail is very fast.
2. Cost of mail is almost free.
3. Multiple copies can be sent at a time
4. pictures, documents can be attached

Comparison between Post mail and E-mail.

Session 10: Communication and
Networking — Creating an e-Mail
Account
Go to gmail.com click on create an account. After
filling in all the details set up a new account.

Session 11: Communication and

Networking— Writing an e-Mail
To write a new e-mail, connect to the Internet and
open Gmail. Sign In with your login Id. Click on
compose and write the message. after entering
the mail address of the receiver set the mail.

Draft Folder: All emails are stored which are

written but not sent.
Junk/Spam: The mail which is not useful is stored
in it.
Trash: Holds all deleted emails.

Session 12: Communication and

Networking — Receiving and Replying
to e-mails
Receiving an e-mail: All emails received are in
Inbox.
Replying to an e-mail: To reply to the email click on
the reply button.
Forwarding an e-mail: To send the same message
click on forward
Deleting an e-mail: Click on the delete icon to
delete emails.