CORE Stat and Prob Q4 Mod17 W6 Hypothesis Testing On Population Proportion
CORE Stat and Prob Q4 Mod17 W6 Hypothesis Testing On Population Proportion
Core Subject
Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 17:
Hypothesis Testing on
Population Proportion
SDOIN_CORE_Q4_Statistics_and_Probability_Module17
Statistics and Probability
Crafting-Resources-for-Accessible-and-Flexible-Teaching (CRAFT)
Quarter 4 – Module 17: Hypothesis Testing on Population Proportion
First Edition, 2023
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Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 17:
Hypothesis Testing on
Population proportion
MELCs:
1. Computes for the test-statistic value (population
proportion) (M11/12SP-IVf-1)
2. Draws conclusion about the population
proportion based on the test-statistic value and
the rejection region (M11/12SP-IVf-2)
3. Solves problems involving test of hypothesis on
the population proportion (M11/12SP-IVf-g-1)
Prepared by:
JOHNWELL B. BALBAG
SHS Teacher II
Pasaleng National High School
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.
This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest
in using them.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
levels of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT included in the computation of the z-test for
population proportion?
A. n
B. p
C. 𝑝̂
D. μ
1 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
2. When performing a test about population proportion, what test statistic
would you need to use?
A. t-test
B. z-test
C. chi-square
D. standard deviation
In the previous modules, you have learned how to test hypotheses involving
means or averages. In this module, you will learn how to conduct tests involving
count data, percentages, or population proportions.
What’s In
2 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
Activity: Tail Me Up
Directions: Given below are alternative hypotheses on a population proportion.
Determine if it is a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test. Write your answer in the
space provided before each number.
__________ 1. Ha: p ≠ 80
__________ 2. Ha: p > 23
__________ 3. Ha: p < 0.70
__________ 4. Ha: p ≠ 108
__________ 5. Ha: p < 0.54
What is New
A recent survey done by the Philippine Statistic Authority found that 65% of
the population owns their homes. In a random sample of 650 heads of households,
350 responded that they own their homes.
Guide Questions.
1. What part of the whole population own their homes?
2. What is the value of p?
3. What is the size of the sample, n?
4. How many owned their homes, x?
5. Compute for the value of 𝒑̂.
What is It
3 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
Z – Test Statistic for Population Proportion
Remember that the formula for the value of z-test statistic for population
proportion would be:
𝑝̂−𝑝 𝑝̂−𝑝
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 𝑝𝑞
or 𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 =
𝑝 (1−𝑝)
√𝑛 √
𝑛
where:
q =1–p
Illustrative Example:
p = 0.32
Solution:
Zcom = ______________
p = 0.32
n = 120
𝑝̂ = 0.55
q=1–p
q = 1 – 0.32 = 0.68
0.55−0.32
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = (𝑜.32)(0.68)
√
120
4 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
0.23
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 0.2176
√
120
0.23
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 =
√0.0018133
0.23
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 0.04259
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 5.40
p = 0.10
Sample Size: n = 74
Solution:
Zcom = ______________
p = 0.10
n = 74
𝑝̂ = 0.068
q=1–p
q = 1 – 0.10 = 0.90
0.068 −0.10
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 =
(0.10)(0.90)
√
74
5 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
−0.032
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 0.90
√
74
−0.032
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 =
√0.001
−0.032
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 0.035
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = −0.91
What’s More
Directions: Carefully analyze the following situations. Then, fill up the missing data
and solve for Zcom. Show your solution.
1. A politician claims that he will receive 57% of the votes in the upcoming
election. In a random sample of 600 voters, there are 347 who will surely vote
for him.
p = _____
𝑝̂= _____
n = _____
q = 1 – p = ______
zcom = __________
2. A social worker reports that 25% of workers in a factory are below 30 years of
age. Of the 95 employees surveyed, 30 said they are 18 years old.
p = _____
𝑝̂= _____
n = _____
q = 1 – p = ______
zcom = _________
6 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
1. The test statistic to be used in testing hypothesis involving population
proportion is called ______________________.
2. The formula to find the value of z-value for population proportion is
________________________.
3. The symbol for the computed z-value is ________.
4. The symbol 𝑝̂ represents _____________.
5. The hypothesized value of the population proportion is denoted by _______.
6. The sample size or the number of observations in the sample is symbolized
by _______.
7. To be able to find q, subtract _________ from _________ or simply _________.
8. If p = 0.56, then q = ______.
What I Can Do
Activity: I Can Do It
Directions: Carefully analyze the following situations. Then, fill up the missing data
and solve for Zcom.
1. Health-care coverage for employees varies with company size. It is reported that
30% of all companies with fewer than 10 employees provide health benefits for
their employees. A sample of 50 companies with fewer than 10 employees is
selected. It is found that 19 of the 50 companies surveyed provide health benefits
for their employees.
p = _____
𝑝̂= _____
n = _____
q = 1 – p = ______
zcom = __________
2. A group of online shoppers were surveyed and 70% said that they spent around
P1000 to P1500 every month on the internet shopping. From 400 respondents,
235 said that they consumed P1000 – P1500 in online shopping.
p = _____
𝑝̂= _____
n = _____
q = 1 – p = ______
zcom = __________
7 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
Draw Conclusion about
Lesson Population Proportion Based
2 on Statistic Value and
Rejection Region
In conducting a study, the last part of the process is drawing conclusions and
it should be done correctly and carefully. In doing so, you need to learn how to
consider necessary data as your basis and follow different steps.
What’s In
What is New
8 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
What is It
In drawing conclusions, there are two different approaches that you may
apply: the critical z-approach (computed z-value) and the P-value approach.
In applying the first approach which is determining the critical value (which
you were already taught in the previous modules), you need to consider the following:
a. Null and Alternative Hypotheses;
b. Level of Significance (α);
c. Computed Test Statistic, Critical Value (including rejection region); and
d. Decision (whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis (Ho).
Determine if the test statistic falls in the rejection region. If it does, reject the null
hypothesis. If it does not, do not reject the null hypothesis.
● If the computed z-statistic (zcom) is > or < the tabular value (ztab), reject the null
hypothesis (Ho).
● If the computed z-statistic (zcom) falls in the rejecti
Steps Solution
𝐻𝑜 : 𝑝 = 0.85
1. Null and Alternative Hypotheses
𝐻𝑎 : 𝑝 < 0.85
𝑎 = 0.01
2. Level of Significance
0.81 − 0.85
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 =
√(0.85)(0.15)
400
9 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = −2.24
4. Decision (whether to reject or fail to Since the computed test statistic (zcom)
reject the null hypothesis (Ho). z = -2.24 does not fall in the rejection
region, fail to reject the null
hypothesis (Ho).
● on region, reject the null hypothesis (Ho).
● If the computed z-statistic (zcom) does not fall in the rejection region, fail to
reject the null hypothesis (Ho).
Illustrative Example:
p-VALUE APPROACH
What is p-value?
In critical value approach, a test statistic is compared with a critical value.
However, in p-value approach (short for probability value), probabilities or areas are
compared. P-value measures the consistency of the sample statistics with the null
hypothesis. High P-values mean that sample results are consistent with a true null
hypothesis while low P-values are not consistent. If the P value is small enough, we
can conclude that the sample is so incompatible with the null hypothesis. Therefore,
we can reject the null hypothesis for the entire population.
10 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
5. Make a decision. Check whether to reject the null hypothesis by comparing p-
value to α.
● If the p-value < α, then reject Ho. Otherwise, do not reject Ho
NOTE:
Conclusions are answers in sentence form which include: 1) whether there is
enough evidence or not (based on the decision); 2) the level of significance; and 3)
whether the original claim is supported or rejected.
Conclusions are based on the original claim which may be the null or
alternative hypothesis. The decisions are always based on the null hypothesis.
Original Claim
𝐻𝑜 𝐻𝑎
Decision
“Reject” “Support”
What’s More
Steps Solution
11 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
2. Level of Significance
5. Conclusion
12 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
What I have Learned
What I Can Do
Direction: Carefully analyze the following situations. Then, solve the problem
following the 5-step procedure in solving population proportions.
Mr. Ivan Sy asserts that fewer than 5% of the bulbs that he sells are defective.
Suppose 300 bulbs are randomly selected, each tested and 10 defective bulbs are
found. Does this provide sufficient evidence for Mr. Ivan Sy to conclude that the
fraction of defective bulbs is less than 0.05? Use 𝛼 = 0.01.
5 – STEP PROCEDURE
13 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
Step 2: Choose a level of significance
a. Decision
b. Interpretation
14 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
Solving Problems Involving
Lesson
Test of Hypothesis on
3
Population Proportion
What’s In
15 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
b. Ha: ________________________________________________________(symbols)
________________________________________________________(statement)
c. Level of Significance = ______________________________________
d. n = ________________________________________________________
e. X= _________________________________________________________
f. 𝑝̂= __________________________________________________________
What is New
Problem:
An article reported that 70% of the people in the country said that they
preferred basketball than boxing. Out of 200 randomly chosen people in the country,
125 said that they preferred basketball over boxing. Is there an evidence that the
report in the article is true? Use 0.05 level of confidence.
1. ________ DECISION: Fall in the rejection region, reject the null hypothesis.
2. ________ computed z-statistic: zcom = - 2.344 and critical z-value: -1.645
3. ________ Ho: p = 0.70
Ha: p < 0.70
4. ________ CONCLUSION: Therefore, we concluded that at 0.05 level of significance,
there is enough evidence to conclude that the reported article is true.
5. _______ α = 0.05 level of significance
What is It
16 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
Just like in puzzles, you need to think of different ways on how you will be
able to solve it. Same with solving problems involving test of hypotheses on
population proportions, you need to follow important steps in order to arrive at the
correct answer.
Five (5) steps in solving problems for a test of hypothesis on the population
proportion.
STEP 2. LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (𝑎): Choose a level of significance like = 0.01 level.
Illustrative Example
Every year, the assigned teachers determine the Body Mass Index (BMI) of
students. In a certain public junior high school, a study finds that 10% of Grade
11students observed are underweight. A sample of 780 Grade 11 students were
randomly chosen and it was found out that 125 of them are underweight. Is this
claim different for their grade level age? Use 0.05 level of significance.
17 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
𝑎 = 0.05
Step 2: Choose a level of
significance
𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚 = 5.61
Step 4: Determine the Since the alternative hypothesis is non-directional,
critical value the two-tailed test shall be used. Divide α by 2, then
subtract the quotient from 0.5.
𝑍𝑎
Using the Areas Under the Normal Curve Table, 2
critical 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 at 0.05 level of significance are± 1.96
18 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
b. Interpretation
CONCLUSION: Therefore, we conclude that at 0.05
level of significance, there is enough evidence that
the percentage of Grade 11 students who are
underweight is different from 10%.
What’s More
Direction: Carefully analyze the following situations. Then, solve the problem
following the 5-step procedure in solving population proportions.
A school administrator claims that less than 50% of the students of the school
are dissatisfied by the community cafeteria service. Test this claim by using sample
data obtained from a survey of 500 students of the school where 54% indicated their
dissatisfaction of the community cafeteria service. Use 𝑎 = 0.05.
19 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
What I Can Do
Direction: Carefully analyze the following situations. Then, solve the problem
following the 5-step procedure in solving population proportions.
It was claimed that on a certain year, 55% of Filipinos believed that there was
an improvement in the Philippine economy. Suppose that on the following year, only
290 out of 500 people randomly selected believed that there was an improvement in
our country’s economy. Does this indicate an increase in the number of certain
Filipinos who believed that there was an improvement in our economy? Use 0.05
level of significance.
5 – STEP PROCEDURE
20 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
Step 5: State the decision and
conclusion
a. Decision
b. Interpretation
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. If the value of p is 0.54, what is the value of q?
A. 0.26
B. 0.35
C. 0.46
D. 0.56
3. “Less than 68% of the students are not fluent in speaking English.” Which is
the alternative hypothesis for that statement?
A. p > 68
B. p < 68
C. p > 0.68
D. p < 0.68
4. Every school year, Cadaanan National High School determines the Body Mass
Index (BMI) of the students. A study finds that 10% of Grade 7 students
21 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
observed are underweight. A sample of 38 Grade 7 students was randomly
chosen and it was found that 16 of them are underweight. Compute the
sample proportion of the underweight students.
A. 0.16
B. 0.38
C. 0.42
D. 0.58
Additional Activities
Direction: Carefully analyze the following situations. Then, solve the problem
following the 5-step procedure in solving population proportions.
The principal claims that 30% of Grade 8 students stay in the playground after
their classes. A survey among 500 Grade 8 students revealed that 150 of them stay
in the playground after classes. Use 95% confidence to conduct a test of proportions.
22 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17 23
Lesson 2
What I Know What I Have Learned
A Students answer may What’s In
B vary.
C 1. 0.48
D What I Can Do 2. 0.95
A 3. 0.79
1. p = 0.30
4. 0.77
Assessment = 0.38
5. 0.74
A n = 50
B q = 0.70
C What’s New
z = 1.23
D Students answer may
2. p = 0.70
A vary.
= 0.59
Lesson 1 n = 400
What’s More
What’s In q = 0.30
Students answer may
z = -4.78
1. two-tailed test vary.
2. one-tailed test Lesson 3
3. one-tailed test What I Have Learned
4. two-tailed test What’s In Students answer may
5. one-tailed test vary.
Students answer may
vary.
What’s New
What’s New
1. 65%
2. 0.65 1. 4
3. 650
2. 3
4. 350
5. 0.54 3. 1
What’s More 4. 5
1. p = 0.57 5. 2
= 0.58
n = 600 What’s More
q = 0.43 Students answer may
z = -0.5 vary.
2. p = 0.25
= 0.33 What I Have Learned
n = 95
Students answer may
q = 0.75
vary.
z = -1.33
Answer Key
References
Abulencia, Jacinta R. (2020). Statistics and Probability ADM Quarter–Module 12:
Computing Test Statistic Value Involving Population Proportion. Region IV-A
Calabarzon: Department of Education.
Abustan, Maria Angelica A. (2020). Statistics and Probability ADM Quarter–Module
13: Drawing Conclusions About Population Proportion Based on Test Statistic
Value and Rejection Region. Region IV-A Calabarzon: Department of
Education.
Abustan, Maria Angelica A. (2020). Statistics and Probability ADM Quarter–Module
14: Solving Problems Involving Test of Hypothesis on Population Proportion.
Region IV-A Calabarzon: Department of Education.
Alonzo, George (2017). Statistics and Probability for Senior High School, Makati City:
Salinlahi Publishing House.
Belecina, Rene R., Elisa S. Baccay, and Efren B. Mateo (2016). Statistics and
Probability, Manila: Rex Book Store Inc.
Orines, Fernando B. (2003). Advanced Algebra Trigonometry and Statistics. Quezon
City: JTW Corporation. 2003.
24 SDOIN_CORE_Q3_Statistics_Module17
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