MATHEMATICS BY SALIM AHMAD

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Introduction to ITF JEE I CBSE

What is Meant by an Inverse Function?

If 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵, is one-one (Injective) function and onto (Surjective) function, i.e. if

𝑓 is a bijective function,

Then, 𝑓 −1 : 𝐵 → 𝐴 is called inverse of function 𝑓.

In trigonometric Functions we have

𝜋 1
sin ( ) = sin(sin−1 𝑥) = 𝑥
6 2
And
DOMAIN RANGE sin−1 (sin 𝑥) = 𝑥
(Angle) (Real Number)

But in Inverse trigonometric Functions

1 𝜋
sin−1 ( ) =
2 6

DOMAIN RANGE
(Real Number) (Angle)

IMPORTANT NOTE:
1
Note that sin−1 𝑥 ≠ and ( sin−1 𝑥)2 ≠ sin−2 𝑥. Also sin−1 𝑥 ≠ (sin 𝑥)−1 .
sin 𝑥
1
But (sin 𝑥)−1 =
sin 𝑥

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IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAS
PRINCIPAL- VALUE BRANCH OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Function Domain Range (Principal value branch)

𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 [− , ]
2 2

𝑦 = cos −1 𝑥 −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 [0, 𝜋]
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞ or ℝ (− , )
2 2

𝑦 = cot −1 𝑥 −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞ or ℝ (0, 𝜋)

𝜋
𝑦 = sec −1 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ −1 [0, 𝜋] −
2
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = cosec −1 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ −1 [− , ] − 0
2 2

Easy way to learn Range (Principal value branch of ITF)

𝜋 𝜋
(i) sin−1 𝑥 = [− , ] (iv) cos−1 𝑥 = [0, 𝜋]
2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(ii) cosec −1 𝑥 = [− , ] − {0} (v) sec −1 𝑥 = [0, 𝜋] − { }
2 2 2
𝜋 𝜋
(iii) tan−1 𝑥 = (− , ) (vi) cot −1 𝑥 = (0, 𝜋)
2 2

Easy way to learn Domain of ITF

−𝟏 𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 / 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝒙 / 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 / 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝒙
[−1, 1] (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) 𝑅
OR
𝑅 − (−1, 1)
Note: Range of Trigonometric functions is same as the domain of inverse trigonometric functions.

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Properties of inverse trigonometric functions
Property I

𝜋 𝜋
∎ sin−1(sin 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [− 2 , ] ∎ sin(sin−1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, 1]
2

∎ cos−1 (cos 𝑥) =𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋] ∎ cos(cos −1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, 1]

𝜋 𝜋
∎ tan−1(tan 𝑥) =𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ (− , ) ∎ tan(tan−1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥∈ℝ
2 2
∎ cot −1(cot 𝑥) =𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ (0, 𝜋) ∎ cot(cot −1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥∈ℝ
𝜋
∎ sec −1(sec 𝑥) =𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋] − { } ∎ sec(sec −1 𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ − (−1, 1)
2
𝜋 𝜋
∎ cosec −1(cosec 𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ [− 2 , ] − {0} ∎ cosec(cosec −1 𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ − (−1, 1)
2

Property II
(i) sin−1(−𝑥) = − sin−1 𝑥 (iv) cos −1(−𝑥) = 𝜋 − cos −1 𝑥

(ii) cosec −1 (−𝑥) = − cosec −1 𝑥 (v) sec −1(−𝑥) = 𝜋 − sec −1 𝑥

(iii) tan−1(−𝑥) = − tan−1 𝑥 (vi) cot −1(−𝑥) = 𝜋 − cot −1 𝑥

Property III
(iv) − sin 𝑥 = sin(−𝑥) (iv) − cos 𝑥 = cos(𝜋 − 𝑥)

(v) − cosec 𝑥 = cosec(−𝑥) (v) − sec 𝑥 = sec(𝜋 − 𝑥)

(vi) − tan 𝑥 = tan(−𝑥) (vi) − cot 𝑥 = cot(𝜋 − 𝑥)

Property IV Property V
1 𝜋
(i) sin−1 (𝑥) = cosec −1 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 1 or 𝑥 ≤ −1 (i) sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 = 2

1 𝜋
(ii) cos−1 (𝑥) = sec −1 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 1 or 𝑥 ≤ −1 (ii) tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥 = 2

1 cot −1 𝑥 , 𝑥 < 0 𝜋
(iii) tan−1 (𝑥) = { (iii) cosec −1 𝑥 + sec −1 𝑥 =
𝜋 − cot −1 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0 2

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Property VI

(i) sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = sin−1[𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ]

(ii) sin−1 𝑥 − sin−1 𝑦 = sin−1[𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ]

(iii) cos−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑦 = cos−1 [𝑥𝑦 − √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 ]

(iv) cos−1 𝑥 − cos −1 𝑦 = cos−1 [𝑥𝑦 + √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 ]

𝑥+𝑦
tan−1 (1−𝑥𝑦) , 𝑥𝑦 < 1
𝑥+𝑦
(v) tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = 𝜋 + tan−1 (1−𝑥𝑦) , 𝑥𝑦 > 1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 > 0, 𝑦 > 0
−1 𝑥+𝑦
{−𝜋 + tan (1−𝑥𝑦) , 𝑥𝑦 > 1 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 < 0, 𝑦 < 0

𝑥−𝑦
tan−1 (1+𝑥𝑦) , 𝑥𝑦 > −1
𝑥−𝑦
(VI) tan−1 𝑥 − tan−1 𝑦 = 𝜋 + tan−1 (1+𝑥𝑦) , 𝑥𝑦 < −1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 > 0, 𝑦 < 0
−1 𝑥−𝑦
{−𝜋 + tan (1+𝑥𝑦) , 𝑥𝑦 < −1 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 < 0, 𝑦 > 0

Property VII

(i) 2 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 )

(ii) 2 cos −1 𝑥 = cos −1 (2𝑥 2 − 1)

2𝑥 1−𝑥 2 2𝑥
(iii) 2tan−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (1+𝑥 2) |𝑥| ≤ 1, cos−1 (1+𝑥 2 ) 𝑥 ≥ 0, tan−1 (1−𝑥 2 ) |𝑥| < 1

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Important Tricks JEE I CBSE

TRIGONOMETRY
𝑥 𝑥
(𝑖) 𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 2 cos 2 (𝑖𝑖) 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 2 sin2
2 2

(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 (𝑖𝑣) 𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
⟹ 1 + 2 sin cos ⟹ 1 − 2 sin cos
2 2 2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
⟹ sin2 + cos2 + 2 sin cos ⟹ sin2 + cos 2 − 2 sin cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥 2
⟹ (sin + cos ) ⟹ (sin − cos )
2 2 2 2
or
𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥 2
⟹ (cos + sin ) ⟹ (cos − sin )
2 2 2 2

𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

(𝑣) (𝑣𝑖)
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
Divide by cos 𝑥
1 + tan 𝑥 1 − tan 𝑥
⟹ ⟹
1 − tan 𝑥 1 + tan 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
⟹ tan ( + 𝑥) ⟹ tan ( − 𝑥)
4 4

𝒙 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒙 𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
(𝑣𝑖𝑖) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 =√ (𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝐜𝐨𝐭 =√
𝟐 𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝟐 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

Some Important Substitutions

1. For 1 + 𝑥 2 Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 / cot 𝜃 and For 𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 Put 𝑥 = 𝑎 tan 𝜃 /𝑎 cot 𝜃

2. For 1 − 𝑥 2 Put 𝑥 = sin 𝜃 / cos 𝜃 and For 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 Put 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 /𝑎 cos 𝜃

3. For 𝑥 2 − 1 Put 𝑥 = sec 𝜃 / cosec 𝜃 and For 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 Put 𝑥 = 𝑎 sec 𝜃 /𝑎 cosec 𝜃

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Important Technique in Trigonometry

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 1. sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥

sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
⟹ √2 ( )
√2

1 1
⟹ √2 ( sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)
√2 √2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⟹ √2 (cos sin 𝑥 + sin cos 𝑥) 𝑂𝑅 √2 (sin sin 𝑥 + cos cos 𝑥)
4 4 4 4
𝜋 𝜋
⟹ √2 sin ( + 𝑥) 𝑂𝑅 √2 cos (𝑥 − )
4 4

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 2. √3 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥

√3 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
⟹ 2( )
2

√3 1
⟹ 2 ( sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)
2 2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⟹ 2 (cos sin 𝑥 + sin cos 𝑥) 𝑂𝑅 2 (sin sin 𝑥 + cos cos 𝑥)
6 6 3 3
𝜋 𝜋
⟹ 2 sin (𝑥 + ) 𝑂𝑅 2 cos (𝑥 − )
6 3

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 3. sin 𝑥 − √3 cos 𝑥

sin 𝑥 − √3 cos 𝑥
⟹ 2( )
2

1 √3
⟹ 2 ( sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥)
2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⟹ 2 (cos sin 𝑥 − sin cos 𝑥) 𝑂𝑅 2 (sin sin 𝑥 − cos cos 𝑥)
3 3 6 6
𝜋 𝜋
⟹ 2 sin (𝑥 − ) 𝑂𝑅 − 2 cos (𝑥 + )
3 6

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Conversion of an ITF to another ITF

Convert 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 in terms of 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝟏

Let sin−1 𝑥 = 𝜃

⟹ 𝑥 = sin 𝜃

Now

2
sin2 𝜃
tan 𝜃 =
cos2 𝜃

sin2 𝜃
⟹ tan2 𝜃 =
1 − sin2 𝜃

𝑥2
⟹ tan2 𝜃 =
1 − 𝑥2

𝑥2
⟹ tan 𝜃 = √
1 − 𝑥2

𝑥
⟹ tan 𝜃 =
√1 − 𝑥 2
𝑥
⟹ 𝜃 = tan−1
√1 − 𝑥 2
𝒙
⟹ 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐

Another example
Convert 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 in terms of 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝟏

Let tan−1 𝑥 = 𝜃

⟹ 𝑥 = tan 𝜃

Now

1
sin2 𝜃 =
cosec 2 𝜃

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1
⟹ sin2 𝜃 =
1 + cot 2 𝜃
1
⟹ sin2 𝜃 =
1
1+
tan2 𝜃

2
tan2 𝜃
⟹ sin 𝜃 =
tan2 𝜃 + 1

𝑥2
⟹ sin2 𝜃 =
𝑥2 + 1

𝑥2
⟹ sin 𝜃 = √
𝑥2 + 1

𝑥
⟹ sin 𝜃 =
√𝑥 2 + 1
𝑥
⟹ 𝜃 = sin−1
√𝑥 2 +1
𝒙
⟹ 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏
√𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏

Transformation Table

function Transformation of a function

𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 1 1
(i) sin−1 𝑥 cos −1 (√1 − 𝑥 2 ) tan−1 ( ) cot −1 ( ) sec −1 ( ) cosec −1 ( )
√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥

√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 1 1
(ii) cos −1 𝑥 sin−1 (√1 − 𝑥 2 ) tan−1 ( ) cot −1 ( ) sec −1 ( ) cosec −1 ( )
𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 1 1 √1 + 𝑥 2
(iii) tan−1 𝑥 sin−1 ( ) cos −1 ( ) cot −1 ( ) sec −1 (√1 + 𝑥 2 ) cosec −1 ( )
√1 + 𝑥 2 √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥

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Important Trigonometry Formulas

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝜽

2 tan 𝜃
2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃
1 − tan2 θ
2 tan 𝜃
2cos2 𝜃 − 1
1 + tan2 θ
1 − 2sin2 𝜃

1 − tan2 θ
1 + tan2 θ

𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝜽

3 tan 𝜃 − tan3 𝜃
3 sin 𝜃 − 4 sin3 𝜃 4 cos 3 𝜃 − 3cos 𝜃
1 − 3tan2 θ

𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨 + 𝑩) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨 − 𝑩) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝑨 + 𝑩) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝑨 − 𝑩) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐵 tan 𝐴 − tan 𝐵

𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝑨 + 𝑩) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝑨 − 𝑩) =
1 − tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 1 + tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵 − 1 cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵 + 1
𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝑨 + 𝑩) = 𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝑨 − 𝑩) =
cot 𝐵 + cot 𝐴 cot 𝐵 − cot 𝐴
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 = 2 sin cos 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 = sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)
2 2
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 = 2 cos sin 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 = sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) − sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)
2 2
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 = 2 cos cos 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)
2 2
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 = −2 sin sin − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) − cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)
2 2
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Graph of TF & ITF

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Domain and range of Trigonometric functions

Functions Domain Range
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑅 −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑦 = cos 𝑥 𝑅 −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝜋
𝑦 = tan 𝑥 𝑅 − (2𝑛 + 1) 𝑅
2
𝑦 = cot 𝑥 𝑅 − 𝑛𝜋 𝑅
𝜋
𝑦 = sec 𝑥 𝑅 − (2𝑛 + 1) 𝑅 − (−1, 1)
2
𝑦 = cosec 𝑥 𝑅 − 𝑛𝜋 𝑅 − (−1, 1)

Domain and range of Inverse Trigonometric functions

Functions Domain Range
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 [− , ]
2 2

𝑦 = cos −1 𝑥 −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 [0, 𝜋]
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞ (− , )
2 2

𝑦 = cot −1 𝑥 −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞ (0, 𝜋)

𝜋
𝑦 = sec −1 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ −1 [0, 𝜋] −
2
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = cosec −1 𝑥 𝑥 ≥ 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ −1 [− , ] − 0
2 2

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Some other Important Graphs on Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1. 𝑦 = sin−1(sin 𝑥)

5π 3𝜋
2𝜋 + 𝑥 , if − ≤𝑥≤−
2 2
3π 𝜋
−𝜋 − 𝑥 , if − ≤𝑥≤−
2 2
π 𝜋
𝑥 , if − ≤ 𝑥 ≤
−1 (sin 2 2
sin 𝑥) =
π 3𝜋
𝜋−𝑥 , if ≤ 𝑥 ≤
2 2
3π 5𝜋
𝑥 − 2𝜋 , if ≤𝑥≤
2 2
5π 7𝜋
3𝜋 − 𝑥 , if ≤𝑥≤
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
(0, ) 𝑦=
2 2

−3𝜋 5𝜋 −2𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
− − −
4 2 2 2 2 4
𝜋
𝑦=−
2

2. 𝑦 = cos −1(cos 𝑥)

−2𝜋 + 𝑥 , if − 3𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −2𝜋
2𝜋 + 𝑥 , if − 2𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −𝜋
−𝑥 , if − 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
cos−1(cos 𝑥) =
𝑥 , if 0≤𝑥≤𝜋
2𝜋 − 𝑥 , if 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋
𝑥 − 2𝜋 , if 2𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3𝜋

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(0, 𝜋)
𝑦=𝜋

−3𝜋 5𝜋 −2𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
− − −
4 2 2 2 2 4

3. 𝑦 = tan−1(tan 𝑥)

5π 3𝜋
2𝜋 + 𝑥 , if − ≤𝑥≤−
2 2
3π 𝜋
𝜋+𝑥 , if − ≤𝑥≤−
2 2
π 𝜋
tan−1 (tan 𝑥) = 𝑥 , if − ≤ 𝑥 ≤
2 2
π 3𝜋
𝑥−𝜋 , if ≤ 𝑥 ≤
2 2
3π 5𝜋
𝑥 − 2𝜋 , if ≤𝑥≤
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
𝑦=
2 2

−3𝜋 5𝜋 −2𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
− − − 𝜋
4 2 2 2 2 4 𝑦=−
2

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4. 𝑦 = sec −1(sec 𝑥)

3𝜋 3𝜋
2𝜋 + 𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ [−2𝜋, −
) ∪ (− , −𝜋]
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
−𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ [−𝜋, − ) ∪ (− , 0]
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
sec −1 (sec 𝑥) = 𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ [0, ) ∪ ( , 𝜋]
2 2
3𝜋 3𝜋
2𝜋 − 𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ [𝜋, ) ∪ ( , 2𝜋]
2 2
5𝜋 5𝜋
𝑥 − 2𝜋 , if 𝑥 ∈ [2𝜋, ) ∪ ( , 3𝜋]
2 2

(0, 𝜋)
𝑦=𝜋

−3𝜋 5𝜋 −2𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
− − −
4 2 2 2 2 4

5. 𝑦 = cosec −1(cosec 𝑥)

5𝜋 3𝜋
2𝜋 + 𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ [− , −2𝜋) ∪ (−2𝜋, − ]
2 2
3𝜋 𝜋
−𝜋 + 𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ [− , −𝜋) ∪ (−𝜋, ]
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
cosec −1 (cosec 𝑥) = 𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ [− , 0) ∪ (0, ]
2 2
𝜋 3𝜋
𝜋−𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ [ , 𝜋) ∪ (𝜋, ]
2 2
3𝜋 5𝜋
𝑥 − 2𝜋 , if 𝑥∈[ , 2𝜋) ∪ (2𝜋, ]
2 2

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𝜋 𝜋
(0, ) 𝑦=
2 2

−3𝜋 5𝜋 −2𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
− − −
4 2 2 2 2 4
𝜋
𝑦=−
2

6. 𝑦 = cot −1(cot 𝑥)

2𝜋 + 𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ (−2𝜋, 𝜋)
𝜋+𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ (−𝜋, 0)
−1 (cot
cot 𝑥) = 𝑥 , if 𝑥 ∈ (0, 𝜋)
𝑥−𝜋 , if 𝑥 ∈ (𝜋, 2𝜋)
𝑥 − 2𝜋 , if 𝑥 ∈ (2𝜋, 3𝜋)

(0, 𝜋)

−3𝜋 5𝜋 −2𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
− − −
4 2 2 2 2 4

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21
ITF Worksheet 1

1.Prove each of the following

(i) sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = sin−1 [𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ]

(ii) sin−1 𝑥 − sin−1 𝑦 = sin−1[𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 ]

(iii) cos −1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑦 = cos −1 [𝑥𝑦 − √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 ]

(iv) cos−1 𝑥 − cos−1 𝑦 = cos −1[𝑥𝑦 + √1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑦 2 ]

2. Evaluate each of the following

𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
(i) sin−1 (sin ) (ans. ) (ii) sin−1 (sin ) (ans. )
4 4 3 3

7𝜋 𝜋 13𝜋 𝜋
(iii) sin−1 (sin 6
) (ans. − 6 ) (iv) sin−1 (sin 7
) (ans. − 7 )

3𝜋 𝜋 6𝜋 𝜋
(v) cosec −1 (cosec 4
) (ans. 4 ) (vi) cosec −1 (cosec 5
) (ans.− 5 )

11𝜋 𝜋 15𝜋 𝜋
(vii) cosec −1 (cosec 6
) (ans. − 6 ) (viii) cosec −1 (cosec 7
) (ans. 7 )

7𝜋 𝜋 9𝜋 𝜋
(ix) tan−1 (tan 6
) (ans. 6 ) (x) tan−1 (tan − 4
) (ans.− 4 )

15𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 𝜋
(xi) cos −1 (cos 8
) (ans. 8 ) (xii) cos−1 (cos − 3
) (ans. 3 )

5𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋 𝜋
(xiii) sec −1 (sec 4
) (ans. 4
) (xiv) sec −1 (sec − 3
) (ans. 3 )

9𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
(xv) cot −1 (cot − 4
) (ans. 4
) (xvi) sin−1 (sin(−600°)) (ans. 3 )

2𝜋 43𝜋 𝜋
(xv) cos −1 (cos(−680°)) (ans. 9
) (xvi) sin−1 (cos 5
) (ans.− 10)

53𝜋 𝜋 56𝜋 3𝜋
(xvii) sin−1 (cos 5
) (ans. . − 10) (xviii) sin−1 (cos 5
) (ans.− 10 )

3. Prove each of the following

(i) sin−1 𝑥 = cos −1 √1 − 𝑥 2 (ii) cos −1 𝑥 = sin−1 √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 𝑥
(iii) sin−1 𝑥 = tan−1 ( ) (iv) tan−1 𝑥 = sin−1 ( )
√1−𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2

√1−𝑥 2
(v) cos −1 𝑥 = tan−1 ( 𝑥
) (vi) 2 sin−1 𝜃 = sin−1[2𝜃√1 − 𝜃 2 ]

3𝑎 2 𝑥−𝑥 3 𝑥 1 1−𝑥
(vii) tan−1 [𝑎(𝑎2 −3𝑥2 )] = 3 tan−1 (𝑎) (viii) tan−1 √𝑥 = 2 cos −1 (1+𝑥) , 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1]

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1−𝑥 𝑥 √3−3𝑥 2 𝜋
(ix) cos −1 𝑥 = 2 sin−1 √ (x) cos−1(𝑥) + cos−1 { + } =
2 2 2 3
√3−1 𝜋 1−𝑥 2
(xi) find the value of sin−1 ( 2 ) 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 12 (xii) 2 tan−1 𝑥 = cos−1 (1+𝑥2 )
√2

(xiii) sin−1[𝑥√1 − 𝑥 − √𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ] = Sin−1 𝑥 − sin−1 √𝑥

(xiv) sin−1(𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥√1 − 𝑥 4 ) = Sin−1 𝑥 2 + sin−1 𝑥

4. Find the value of each of the following

(i) sec 2 (tan−1 2) + cosec 2 (cot −1 3) Ans. 15
1 1 59
(ii) sin2 (cos −1 2 ) + cos2 (sin−1 3) Ans. 36

(ii) If 𝑃 = tan2 (sec −1 2) + cot 2(cosec −1 3), then find the value of (𝑃2 + 𝑃 + 11) Ans. 143

(iii) If 𝑃 = sec 2(tan−1 2) + cosec 2 (cot −1 3), then find the value of (𝑃2 − 2𝑃) Ans. 195

5. Prove/Solve each of the following

1
(i) Solve for 𝑥: 4 sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 = 𝜋 (𝑥 = )
2
2𝜋
(ii) Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 𝑥 + 2 cot −1 𝑥 = 3
(𝑥 = √3)

(iii) Solve for 𝑥: 3 tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥 = 𝜋 (𝑥 = 1)

1
(iv) Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 𝑥 − cot −1 𝑥 = tan−1 (𝑥 = √3)
√3

6. Solve each of the following

5 12 𝜋
a) Solve for 𝑥: sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑥
= 2,𝑥 ≠ 0 (𝑥 = 13)
𝜋
b) if sin−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑥 = 2 , prove that 2𝑥 2 + 1 = √5
𝜋
c) Solve for 𝑥: tan−1 √𝑥(𝑥 + 1) + sin−1 √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 2
Ans. 0 𝑜𝑟 − 1
𝝅 𝟏
d) sin−1(6√3𝑥) + sin−1 (6𝑥) = 𝟐 (𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐) (hint put 6𝑥 = sin 𝛼)
1
e) sin[cot −1 (𝑥 + 1)] = cos[tan−1 𝑥] (𝐴𝑛𝑠. − 2) hint: put 𝑥 + 1 = cot 𝛼 , 𝑥 = tan 𝛽
√1+𝑥 2 −√1−𝑥 2
f) tan−1 [ ] = 𝛽 (𝐴𝑛𝑠. ± √sin 2𝛽)
√1+𝑥 2 +√1−𝑥 2

𝑥 2 −1 1 2𝑥 2𝜋
g) cos−1 ( ) + tan−1 = (𝐴𝑛𝑠. 𝑥 = √3)
𝑥 2 +1 2 1−𝑥 2 3

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𝜋 √21
h) sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 2𝑥 = 3 , > 0. (𝐴𝑛𝑠. 𝑥 = 14
)
5𝜋2
i) Solve for 𝑥: (tan−1 𝑥)2 + (cot −1 𝑥)2 = 8
(𝐴𝑛𝑠. 𝑥 = −1)

7. find the Domain of the following function.

(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(2𝑥 − 3) (b) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos−1(2𝑥 − 1) (c) 𝑓(𝑥) = sec −1(3𝑥 − 1)

(d) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 |2𝑥 − 3| (e) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 |3𝑥 − 1| (f) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 |4 − 3𝑥|

(g) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(√𝑥 − 1) (h) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos−1 √𝑥 − 2 (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 √3 − 𝑥

(j) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(𝑥 2 − 1) (k) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1(𝑥 2 − 4) (l) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(𝑥 2 − 5)

(m) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(√𝑥 2 − 1) (n) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 (√𝑥 2 − 4) (o) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1(√2 − 𝑥 2 )

sin−1 𝑥
(p) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 (q) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3sin−1 3𝑥 − cos 𝑥 (r) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥

(s) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 2𝑥 + sec −1 𝑥 (t) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 2𝑥 (u) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 𝑥 + (𝑥 2 )

Answers

2 2 5
(a) [1, 2] (b) [0, 1] (c) (−∞, 0] ∪ [3 , ∞) (d) [1, 2] (e) [0, 3] (f) [1, 3]

(g) [1, 2] (h) [2, 3] (i) [2, 3] (j) [−√2, √2] (k) [−√5, −√3] ∪ [√3, √5]

(l) [−√6, −2] ∪ [2, √6] (m) [−√2, −1] ∪ [1, √2] (n) [−√5, −2] ∪ [2, √5]
1 1 1 1
(o) [−√2, −1] ∪ [1, √2] (p) [−1, 1] (q) [− , ] (r) [−1, 1] − {0} (s) 𝜙 (t) [− , ] (u) [−1, 1]
3 3 2 2

8. Evaluate of the following.

(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(sin 10) (b) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(sin 5) (c) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos−1(cos 10)

(d) 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 (tan(−6)) (e) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(sin 12) (f) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(sin 3)

(g) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1(cos 12) (h) 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 (tan(12))

Answers

(a)3𝜋 − 10 (b) 5 − 2𝜋 (c) 4𝜋 − 10 (d) 2𝜋 − 6 (e) 12 − 4𝜋 (f) 𝜋 − 3

(g) 4𝜋 − 12 (h) 12 − 4𝜋

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3𝜋
9. If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ [−1, 1] such that sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 + sin−1 𝑧 = 2
. Find the value of
9
𝑥 2006 + 𝑦 2007 + 𝑧 2008 − 𝑥 2006 +𝑦2007 +𝑧2008 . (ans. 0)
3𝜋
10. If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ [−1, 1] such that sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 + sin−1 𝑧 = − 2
. Find the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2

(ans. 3)
11. If sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 + sin−1 𝑧 + sin−1 𝑡 = 2𝜋. Find the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑡 2
(ans. 4)
3𝜋2
12. If ( sin−1 𝑥)2 + ( sin−1 𝑦)2 + ( sin−1 𝑧)2 = 4
. Find the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2

(ans. 3)
13. If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ [−1, 1] such that cos −1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑦 + cos −1 𝑧 = 0. Find the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧
(ans. 3)
14. If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ [−1, 1] such that cos −1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑦 + cos −1 𝑧 = 3𝜋, then find the value of
𝑥(𝑦 + 𝑧) + 𝑦(𝑧 + 𝑥) + 𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦)
(ans. 6)
15. Solve the following
2022 2022
(a) if ∑ cos −1
𝑥𝑖 = 0 , then find the value of ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 2022
𝑖=1 𝑖=1

2022 2022

(b) if ∑ sin −1
𝑥𝑖 = 1011𝜋 , then find the value of ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 2022
𝑖=1 𝑖=1

16. Prove the following

a) If cos−1 𝑎 + cos−1 𝑏 + cos−1 𝑐 = 𝜋 , prove that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 1.

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 2𝑥𝑦 𝑦2
b) If cos−1 𝑎 + cos−1 𝑏 = 𝛼 , prove that 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏
cos 𝛼 + 𝑏2 = sin2 𝛼.

𝑥 𝑦
c) If cos−1 2 + cos−1 3 = 𝜃, then prove that 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑦 cos 𝜃 + 4𝑦 2 = 36 sin2 𝜃.

d) If sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 + sin−1 𝑧 = 𝜋, prove that

𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 + 𝑧 4 + 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 = 2(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 2 𝑥 2 )

e) If tan−1 𝑎 + tan−1 𝑏 + tan−1 𝑐 = 𝜋, prove that 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐.

𝜋
f) If tan−1 𝑎 + tan−1 𝑏 + tan−1 𝑐 = 2 , prove that 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 1.

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17. Simplify
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 𝜋 5𝜋
a) sin−1 ( ),−4 <𝑥< b) cos−1 ( ), 4 <𝑥<
√2 4 √2 4
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 𝜋 5𝜋 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 5𝜋 9𝜋
c) sin−1 ( ), 4 <𝑥< d) cos−1 ( ), 4 <𝑥<
√2 4 √2 4
3 4 3𝜋 𝜋
d) cos−1 (5 cos 𝑥 + 5 sin 𝑥), − 4
≤𝑥≤ 4
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 9𝜋 4
(Ans. a) 𝑥 + 𝑏) 𝑥 − 𝑐) − 𝑥 𝑑) − 𝑥 𝑒) 𝑥 − tan−1 )
4 4 4 4 3

𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1
18. Prove that (i) sin[cot −1{cos(tan−1 𝑥)}] = √𝑥 2 +2 (ii) cos[tan−1{sin(cot −1 𝑥)}] = √𝑥 2 +2
1
(iii) if sin{cot −1 (𝑥 + 1)} = cos(tan−1 𝑥), then find 𝑥 (𝐴𝑛𝑠. 𝑥 = 2)

1 √5 3−√5 2𝑎 2𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
19. Evaluate tan {2 cos−1 3
} Ans. 2
20. 2 tan−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (1+𝑎2) + sin−1 (1+𝑏2 ) (ans. 1−𝑎𝑏)

𝜋 1 𝑎 𝜋 1 𝑎 2𝑏
21. Prove that: tan [ 4 + 2 cos −1 (𝑏 )] + tan [ 4 − 2 cos−1 (𝑏 )] = 𝑎

5𝜋2
22. If (tan−1 𝑥)2 + (cot −1 𝑥)2 = 8
then find 𝑥. (ans. −1)

23. Prove that:

√1 + cos 𝑥 + √1 − cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋
a) tan−1 ( ) = + , where 0 < 𝑥 <
√1 + cos 𝑥 − √1 − cos 𝑥 4 2 2

√1 + sin 𝑥 + √1 − sin 𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
b) cot −1 ( ) = , where 0 < 𝑥 <
√1 + sin 𝑥 − √1 − sin 𝑥 2 2

√1 + cos 𝑥 + √1 − cos 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 3𝜋
c) tan−1 ( ) = − , where 𝜋 < 𝑥 <
√1 + cos 𝑥 − √1 − cos 𝑥 4 2 2

√1 + sin 𝑥 + √1 − sin 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋
d) cot −1 ( ) = 2 − 2, where 2 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
√1 + sin 𝑥 − √1 − sin 𝑥

24. Prove that:

√1 + 𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 𝜋 1
a) tan−1 ( ) = 4 − 2 cos −1 𝑥, where 0 < 𝑥 < 1
√1 + 𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥

√1 + 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑥 2 𝜋 1
b) tan−1 ( ) = 4 + 2 cos−1 𝑥 2 , where −1 < 𝑥 < 1
√1 + 𝑥 2 − √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑛 𝜋
25. find the minimum value of 𝑛 for which tan−1 > , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁. 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 4
𝜋 4

26. which is greater, tan 1 or tan−1 1?

27. Find the greatest and least value of the following functions
𝜋2 5𝜋2 7𝜋3 𝜋3
a) (sin−1 𝑥)2 + (cos−1 𝑥)2 𝐺. 8
, 𝐿. 4
b) (sin−1 𝑥)3 + (cos−1 𝑥)3 𝐺. 8
, 𝐿. 32

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2 ITF Worksheet 2

Multiple choice type problems

1. The inverse of the cosine function is defined in the interval

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) [−𝜋, 0] (b) [− , 0] (c) [0, ] (d) [ , 𝜋]
2 2 2

2. The domain of the function cos−1 √1 − 𝑥 is

(a) [−1, 1] (b) (−∞, 1] (c) [0. 1] (d) None of these

3. The domain of the function sin−1 (𝑥 2 − 4) is

𝜋 𝜋
(a) [3, 5] (b) [− 2 , 2 ]

(c) [−√5, −√3] ∩ [√3, √5] (d) [−√5, −√3] ∪ [√3, √5]

4. The domain of the function sin 2𝑥 + cos−1 2𝑥 is

1 1
(a) [− 2 , 2] (b) [−1, 1] (c) 𝑅 (d) [−1, 𝜋 + 1]

5. The range of the principal value branch of sec −1 𝑥 is

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) (− 2 , 2 ) (b) [− 2 , 2 ] − {0} (c) [0, 𝜋] − { 2 } (d) (0, 𝜋)

𝜋
6. the value of cos ( + cot −1 (−√3)) is
6

√3
(a) 1 (b) − (c) 0 (d) −1
2

34𝜋
7. The value of sin−1 (cos 5
) is
4𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋
(a) (b) (c) − (d) None of these
5 10 10

8. The value of sin(2 sin−1 (0.6)) is

(a) 0.48 (b) 0.96 (c) 1.2 (d) sin(1.2)

1
9. The equation tan−1 𝑥 − cot −1 𝑥 = tan−1 ( 3) has
√
(a) No solution (b) Unique solution
(c) Two solutions (d) Infinite many solutions

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10. If 𝛼 ≤ 2 sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 ≤ 𝛽, then
𝜋 𝜋
(a) 𝛼 = − 2 , 𝛽 = 2
(b) 𝛼 = 0, 𝛽 = 𝜋
𝜋 3𝜋
(c) 𝛼 = − , 𝛽 = (d) 𝛼 = 0, 𝛽 = 2𝜋
2 2
𝜋 √3
11. The simplified value of sin ( 2 − sin−1 (− 2
)) is

1 1 √3 √3
(a) (b) (c) (d) −
2 √2 2 2

10𝜋
12. The principal value of sin−1 (sin (− 3
)) is
𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
3 3 3 3

34𝜋
13. The principal value of cos−1 (cos (− )) is
9
34𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
(a) (b) (c) (d) −
9 9 9 9

43𝜋
14. The principal value of sin−1 (cos ( 5
)) is
2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
5 5 10 10

15. The principal value of tan−1 (tan(−6)) is

(a) −6 (b) 2𝜋 − 6 (c) 6 − 2𝜋 (d) None of these
𝜋
16. sin−1(cos 𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥 is valid for
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
(a) −𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0 (b) 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋 (c) − 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
(d) − 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4

2𝜋
17. If sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = 3
, then cos−1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑦 is equal to
2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) 𝜋 (b) (c) (d)
3 3 6
2
18. If cos (sin−1 + cos −1 𝑥) = 0, then 𝑥 is equal to
5
1 2
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 1
5 5

19. If 𝛼 ≤ tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑥 ≤ 𝛽, then

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) 𝛼 = 0, 𝛽 = 𝜋 (b) 𝛼 = 0, 𝛽 = 2
(c) 𝛼 = 2 , 𝛽 = 𝜋 (d) 𝛼 = − 2 , 𝛽 = 2

2 𝜋
20. The value of tan (cos −1 (− 7) − 2 ) is
2 2 1 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3√5 3 √5 √5

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7
21. The value of cot (cos −1 (25)) is
25 24 7 25
(a) (b) (c) (d)
24 25 24 7

22. The value of tan2 (sec −1 2) + cot 2(cosec −1 3) is

(a) 5 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 15

23. If 4 sin−1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑥 = 𝜋, then the value of 𝑥 is

2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
3 3 2
11𝜋
24. The equation 2 cos−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑥 = 6
has

(a) No solution (b) Unique solution

(c) Two solutions (d) Infinite many solutions

25. Domain of cos−1 [𝑥] is

(a) [−1, 2] (b) [−1, 2) (c) (−1, 2] (d) None of these

26. Domain of sin−1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑥 is

(a) [0, 1] (b) [−1, 1] (c) [0, 1) (d) 𝑅

27. If cos−1 𝛼 + cos−1 𝛽 + cos−1 𝛾 = 3𝜋 then 𝛼(𝛽 + 𝛾) + 𝛽(𝛾 + 𝛼) + 𝛾(𝛼 + 𝛽) equals

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 12

28. If cos−1 [cos(2 tan−1 (√2 + 1))] =

𝜋 3𝜋
(a) √2 − 1 (b) 1 + √2 (c) (d)
4 4

29. The solution set of the equation tan−1 𝑥 − cot −1 𝑥 = cos−1(2 − 𝑥) is

(a) [0, 1] (b) [−1, 1] (c) [1, 3] (d) None of these

30. The value of cot(sin−1 𝑥) is

√1+𝑥 2 𝑥 1 √1−𝑥 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑥 √1+𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥

𝜋
31. The value of sin−1 (cos 9 ) is
𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
(a) (b) (c) − 9 (d)
9 9 18

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32. Let 𝜃 = sin−1 (sin(−600°)), then value of 𝜃 is
𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
(a) (b) (c) (d) −
3 2 3 3

33. The value of sin(tan−1 𝑥) , |𝑥| < 1 is equal to

𝑥 1 1 𝑥
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2

34. The value of sin[cot −1{tan(cos−1 𝑥)}], is equal to

(a) √1 − 𝑥 2 (b) 1 (c) 𝑥 (d) 𝑥 2

35. The domain of the function defined 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 is

(a) 𝜙 (b) (−∞, ∞) (c) [−1, 1] (d) [0, 𝜋]

36. sin−1(sin 5) > 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 if

(a) 𝑥 = 2 − √9 − 2𝜋 (b) 𝑥 = 2 + √9 − 2𝜋
(c) 𝑥 > 2 + √9 − 2𝜋 (d) 𝑥 ∈ (2 − √9 − 2𝜋, 2 + √9 − 2𝜋)

3𝜋
37. If sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 + sin−1 𝑧 = and 𝑓(1) = 1, 𝑓(𝑝 + 𝑞) = 𝑓(𝑝). 𝑓(𝑞), ∀ 𝑝, 𝑞 ∈ 𝑅,
2
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
then 𝑥 𝑓(1) + 𝑦 𝑓(2) + 𝑧 𝑓(3) − equals
𝑥 𝑓(1) + 𝑦 𝑓(2) + 𝑧 𝑓(3)

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3

𝜋 𝑢
38. If 𝑢 = cot −1 √tan 𝛼 − tan−1 √tan 𝛼, then tan ( 4 − 2 ) is equals to

(a) √tan 𝛼 (b) √cot 𝛼 (c) tan 𝛼 (d) cot 𝛼

39. If cos−1 𝑥 > sin−1 𝑥, then

1 1 1
(a) <𝑥≤1 (b) 0 ≤ 𝑥 < (c) −1 ≤ 𝑥 < (d) 𝑥 > 0
√2 √2 √2

𝑥+𝑦
40. If 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏{sec(tan−1 𝑥)} = 𝑐, and 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏{sec(tan−1 𝑦)} = 𝑐, then =
1 − 𝑥𝑦
2𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑐 2𝑎𝑐 𝑎+𝑐
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑎−𝑐 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 1 − 𝑎𝑐

sin−1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑥 √3
41. The value of the expression tan ( 2
), where 𝑥 = , is equal to
2

(b) ∞ (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) None of these

42. Domain of sin−1[𝑥] is given by

(a) [−1, 1] (b) [−1, 2) (c) {−1, 0, −1} (d) None of these

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43. If (cot −1 𝑥)2 − 7(cot −1 𝑥) + 10 > 0, then 𝑥 lies in the interval
(a) (cot 5 , cot 2) (b) (−∞, cot 5) ∪ (cot 2 , ∞)
(c) (−∞, cot 5) (d) (cot 2 , ∞)

sin−1 𝑥
44. Domain of 𝑥
is given by

(a) [−1, 1] (b) {0} (c) [−1, 0) (d) None of these

𝜋
cos−1 sin(𝑥+ )
45. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 3 , then 𝑓 (8𝜋
9
) is equal to
7𝜋 13𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
(a) 𝑒 12 (b) 𝑒 18 (c) 𝑒 18 (d) 𝑒 12

𝜋 𝜋
46. If 𝜃 ∈ [− , ], the solution of the equation log sin 𝜃 (cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃) = 2 is given by
2 2
1 1
(a) 𝜃 = sin−1 (− ) (b) 𝜃 = sin−1 ( )
√3 √3
1
(c) 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 (d) 𝜃 = tan−1 ( 3)
√

3𝜋
47. If sin−1 𝑎 + sin−1 𝑏 + sin−1 𝑐 = and 𝑓(2) = 2, 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓(𝑦), ∀ 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅,
2
𝑎 𝑓(2) 𝑏𝑓(4) 𝑐 𝑓(6)
then 𝑎 𝑓(2) + 𝑏 𝑓(4) + 𝑐 𝑓(6) − 3 equals
𝑎 𝑓(2) + 𝑏𝑓(4) + 𝑐 𝑓(6)

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

48. If sin−1(𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 12) = 𝑛𝜋 , ∀ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 then 𝑛 equals

(a) −4 (b) 4 (c) −3 (d) None of these

49. The value of 𝑥 satisfies the inequality [tan−1 𝑥]2 − 2[tan−1 𝑥] − 3 ≤ 0, where [. ]
represents greatest integer function, then 𝑥 lies between
𝜋 𝜋
(a) [− tan 1 , ∞) (b) [− tan 1 , tan 3] (c) [− , tan−1 3] (d) [− , tan 1]
4 2

17
50. cos−1 [cos ((− 15) 𝜋)], is equal to
17𝜋 13𝜋 3𝜋 17𝜋
(a) (b) (c) (d) − 15
15 15 15

1 √3
51. The value of cot [2 sin−1 2
], is equal to
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) √3 (d) 0
√3

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52. The value of sin−1 (− 2) + cos −1 (− 2) + cot −1 (−√3) + cosec −1(√2) + tan−1 (−1) +

sec −1(√2), equals

9𝜋 19𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 12 2 2

Answers

1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D
7. D 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. A
13. C 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. C 18. C
19. A 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A
25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. D
31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C 36. D
37. A 38. A 39. C 40. C 41. B 42. B
43. B 44. D 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. B
49. A 50. B 51. C 52. B

Mathematics By Salim Ahmad Ph: 9818599630 Inverse Trigonometric Functions