Chapter 8 - Resins

CHAPTER 8 RESINS COMBINATION
RESINS AND RESINS COMBINATION  Volatile oils – Oleoresins

• Copaiba, Mastic, Capsicum,
RESINS Ginger, Turpentine
 Gums – Gum-Resins
 The term Resin is applied to more or • Gamboge
less solid, amorphous products of  Oil and Gums – Oleo-gum resins
complex chemical nature. • Myrrh, Asafoetida, Olibanum
 Are usually formed in schizogenous Gums are water-soluble
ducts or cavities and are end product carbohydrate derivatives, they can
of metabolism. be separated from oleoresins rather
 Physically: hard, transparent or easily.
translucent and upon heating it  Balsams – Are resinous mixtures
soften and finally melt. that contain cinnamic acid, benzoic
 When Heated: Chemically, are acid or both, or esters of these acids:
complex mixtures of: (Typical Balsams)
 Resin acids • Balsam of Peru, Balsam of Tolu,
 Resin alcohols (Resinols) Storax
 Resin phenols • The term Balsam has been
(Resinotannols) erroneously applied to some
 Esters and chemically inert oleoresins (balsam of copaiba). This
compounds known as error has been occasionally led to
Resenes some confusion.
 Insoluble in water  Glycosidal combination –
 Usually insoluble in petroleum spirit Glucoresins/Glycoresins
 Soluble in alcohol, chloroform and • Ipomea, Jalap, Phodophyllum
ethers.
 Some investigators believe, it is an LATEX
oxidation products of Terpenes.
 Several Resins: used in Pharmacy  Differ from a resin or resin
and in Art: Rosin, Guaiac, Mastic combination.
 When separated and purified, they  Obtained from the plant in a similar
are usually brittle, amorphous solid manner and they be studied together
that fuse readily when heated, after with them.
passing through a preliminary stage  A natural product of variable
of softening. composition and of milky consistency
 Soluble in water but dissolve in making up the cytoplasm of special
alcohol or other organics plant tissues consisting of laticiferous
solvents. cells or vessels.
 On evaporation, these solutions  The milky appearance is due to the
deposit the resin as a varnish-like colloidal suspension of small
film. particles in a liquid dispersion
 Burn with characteristic, smoky medium with a very different
flame. refractive index.
CLASSIFICATION RESINOTANNOLS
RESIN ACIDS Examples
 These contain a large proportion of  Aloeresinotannol – Aloe

oxyacids, usually combining the  Peruresinotannol – Balsam of Peru
properties of carboxylic acid and  Toluresinotannol – Balsam of Tolu
phenols.  Ammoresinotannol and
 Are soluble aqueous solutions of the Galbaresinotannol – Ammoniac
alkalies usually soap like solutions or  Siaresinotannol and
colloidal suspensions. Sumaresinotannol – Benzene
 Their metallic salts are known as
Resinates RESENES
EXAMPLES  Are complex neutral substances devoid

of characteristic chemical properties.
 Abietic acid – Rosin or Colophony  They do not form salts or esters.
 Copaibic and Oxycopaibic acid –  Are insoluble in and resist by alkalies.
Copaiba
 Guaiaconic acid – Guaiac EXAMPLES:
 Commiphoric acid – Myrrh
 Aleuritic acid – Shellac  Alban and Fluavil – Gutta percha
 Sandaracolic acid – Sandarac  Copalresene – Copal
 Primaric acid – Burgundy pitch and  Dammaresene – Dammar
Frankincene  Dracoresene – Dragon’s blood
 Olibanoresene – Olibanum
RESIN ALCOHOLS
GLUCORESINS/GLYCORESINS
 Are complex alcohols of high molecular
weight known as:  Are complex mixtures yielding sugars
 Resinols – do not give such a reaction. and complex resin acids on hydrolysis.
 Resinnotannols – gives a tannin reaction
with iron salts EXAMPLES:
 Occur in the free state as esters in
combination with simple aromatic acids:  Resins of Jalap
 Benzoic acid  Resins of Scammony
 Salicylic acid
 Cinnamic acid
 Umbellic acid
RESINOLS
Examples:
 Benzoresinol – Benzoin
 Storesinol – Storax
 Guaiacresinol – Guaiac
PHARMACEUTIC RESINS RESINS
Obtained by:
 Extracting the drug with alcohol and
precipitating the resin with water.
 Jalap
 Ipomea
 Scammony
 Podophyllum
 Separating the oil from oleoresin by
distillation
 Rosin – Turpentine CANNABIS
 Copaivic resin – Copaiba
 Heating the Plant part
 Guaiac resin – Guaiac wood
 Collecting Fossil resins
 Copal
 Dammar
 Kauri
 Collecting the natural product that has
exuded as oleoresins from the plant
through natural or artificial punctures
and from which the natural oils has
CHICO
partially evaporated into the atmosphere.
 Burgundy pitch
 Mastic
 Sandarac
 Dragon’s blood
CHIINESE UMBRELLA TREE

MELIA/PARAISO
COMMON MILK HEDGE MANGOSTEEN
DERRIS MIMUSOPS
GINGER STICK TREE
MANGO

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CHAPTER 8 RESINS COMBINATION

RESINS AND RESINS COMBINATION  Volatile oils – Oleoresins

RESIN ACIDS Examples

 These contain a large proportion of  Aloeresinotannol – Aloe

EXAMPLES  Are complex neutral substances devoid

CHIINESE UMBRELLA TREE

GINGER STICK TREE

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