1.

0 INTRODUCTION

Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) is a group of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane, normal

butane, and isobutane, derived from crude oil refining or natural gas processing. These gases

may be marketed individually or mixed. Natural gas is methane gas whilst LPG (liquefied

petroleum gas) is propane or butane, usually sold as bottled gas. LPG and natural gas have

different energy content and gas/air mixes for combustion and working pressure. Whereas LPG

is sold in gas bottles (cylinders), natural gas is conveyed by pipeline.( Shams Kalam, et

al...2021). The usage of the gas brings great problems in the domestic as well as working places

in our daily activities. Inflammable gas such as LPG (Liquidized petroleum gas), which is

excessively used in the home and some work places. The leakage of the gas causes destruction

to lives and as well as properties of the people. So, by keeping it in the concept of the work we

have determined to develop a monitoring system which finds the leakage of LPG gas and

protects the home and work places by taken correct precaution at correct time. This system

provides the information when a gas leakage is noticed; gas sensors are used to notice the gas

leakage and immediately turn ON the buzzer for the danger indication. By the detection of the

hazardous gas the alerting message reached to the person (s) who has control over it from the

GSM. Everyone needs security guarantee when they work in a building hence, making security

an integral aspect in human life. Various kinds of developments in the field of technology is

designed to provide security at all times to protect lives, assets and privacy. The application of

monitoring and safety systems to buildings especially in market shops and ICT centers, can

reduce or even eradicate the menace of fire disaster and equipment damages in most market

environments, ICT centers and industries. Due to the rapid population explosion and blistering

movement of people from place to place, it became imperative to develop a security/monitoring

and safety system with an incorporated mobile technology as feedback that could give building

occupants information as quickly as possible concerning the status of their building/industrial

safety when cases relating to fire disaster arises in order for them to have absolute peace of mind.

Wireless automated security system can be used to provide building security used in residential,

industrial, and commercial purposes using mobile communication technique. Automated

security systems are basically certain form of programmable electronic.

1.2 Statement of Problem

There has been an increase in fire disasters especially in Nigeria industries, occurring randomly

due to some laxities among security guards and designated fire control fighters and also increase

in environmental temperature and humidity due to change in weather. The panacea for the

aforementioned problem is to design and implement an arduino based GSM enabled monitoring,

detection and prevention system for fire accident in industries with smart precision. The project

when implemented will reduce human involvement in securing buildings against fire disasters

which is usually a function of Gas leakage from clinders. Thus making laxity and negligence on

the part of humans a cliché since the system shall be fully automated.

1.3 Aim and Objectives

The aim of this project is to design and implement an arduino based Gas leakage monitoring

system with GSM interface for ICT centers, market shops and industries.

The main objective of this work is to implement a gas detector and extinguishing system that it is

extremely accurate with a least cost, the system detects gas leakage and also warn people around
by alerting a sound via a buzzer and SMS is been send to the responsible person for preparatory

safety calculations.

1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Project

In order to achieve the objective of this project, several scopes have been outlined which can be

divided into hardware and software design. The hardware system is categorized into four namely

 Control unit (ATMEGA 328)

 The sensing system

 The output system

 The power supply unit

The ATMEGA328 is the perfect microcontroller for this project. This is due to its high

performance, speed, affordability and its easy availability. The hub of the whole project

coordination rest on the shoulders of the ATMEGA328. The sensing system consist of

one gas sensor(MQ2), one keypad module, one humidity and temperature sensor

(DHT11) monitoring temperature and humidity levels for industry. The two sensors will

be incorporated into the industry chosen as my case study. The output system consist of a

GSM communication module will be used as a feedback mechanism to reveal the status

of the industry to the safety Engineer. In addition to the output system, a buzzer will be

used as an alternative alarming mechanism whenever irregularities is sensed by the

sensor and lastly an LCD that indicate status of each monitored parameter. The power

supply unit consist of single rail positive voltage source with various regulated voltages

such as 4.2V and 5V

 There are two parts that require software design. They include

 Circuitry design

 Microcontroller (ATMEGA328) programming.

Proteus is used to design the circuitry before the Vero board soldering begins while

arduino C++ programming language environment is used to write the C programming

and program it into the ATMEGA328. The main limitation of this project is its

inability to function in area where there is no GSM network coverage for communication.

This may be mitigated with the use of a louder central siren as alternative alarming

system.

1.5 Thesis Outline

There are five chapters in this thesis which are introduction, literature review, design and

implementation, test result and discussion, with summary and recommendations being the last.

Each chapter will discuss its own aspects related to the project. Chapter one is the introduction

for the project. It gives an overview of what the project is all about and what it is intended for.

Chapter two lay emphasis on related works done by my predecessors with theoretical

explanations of individual electronic components used in the final implementation and my

personal desired improvement as it relate to past project on ground. Chapter three focuses on

mathematical design, analysis and hardware development which forms the foundation of which

the resultant circuit diagram for the project lies. Test Results and discussions are presented in

chapter four. Here each of the segment that make up the project is tested to determine their

validity with design. Lastly, chapter five is the summary of work done, future recommendations
for project advancement such as a functional addition, software and hardware improvement to

the project are mentioned here.

1.6 Related work

Microcontroller Based LPG Gas Leakage Detector Using GSM Module, in this system where

used gas sensor, GSM module, microcontroller, if the gas concentration increases the gas sensors

will sense the leakage of the gas and then send to the microcontroller (Sood et al, 2015). Then

the GSM module is connected to the microcontroller which will give the command to stop the

main supply. The system is highly reliable, tamper-proof and secure. In the long run the

maintenance cost is efficient. It is highly accurate (Sood et al, 2015).

(Adsul et al 2016) describes that development of leakage detection system, gas leakage

occurs because the equipment used is old, this paper presents leak detection with several

sensor systems namely sound detection, pressure, temperature, gas leakage, zigbee wireless

module used to transmit data to feel the gas leak. The MQ6 sensor module is used, 3

sensors are used to detect cigarette and cooking smoke whose concentration is 200-10,000

ppm LPG namely 20 kHz microphone, 40 kHz ultrasonic receiver and 40 kHz ultrasonic

module.

Katole (2016) study is based on a system used to detect many dangerous gases with

Arduino coordination. We can change the systems currently available that are regulated

by industrial estates and we can use systems at home and factories. The main objective

of the activity is to design a gas leak-based detection system with Arduino, using gas
sensors, the toxic gases like butane (also known as LPG), methane and carbon monoxide

are sensed and displayed on the LCD display.

Georgewill et al (2016) discuss detection and monitoring gas leakage with implementation

SMS Based, this system is designed and implemented using MQ-9 gas sensor and

embedded microcontroller test was conducted to verify if the sensor can trigger, from the

test gas detector sensor the presence of gas leakage and sms alert sent to the service station

or to the owner.

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a highly flammable chemical. The mixture of hydrocarbon gas

(LPG) is used as fuel for burning, at home and in the industry. LPG is used as a domestic fuel,

industrial, heating and so on . A heater and gas sensitive resistor are some of the internal

components of the sensor used to avoid failure leading to a false alarm indication. The alarm gets

triggered when a certain concentration of gas is exceeded by steam. This device is used to

indicate early warning of a problem to ensure public safety (Shiyana et al, 2017).

1.7 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

In this study Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Monitoring system, uses ARDUINI UNO

Microcontroller, MQ3 Sensor module, GSM module, Buzzer, Relay module, Keypad module

and LCD 16 X 2 module was developed.

Gas Sensors:

MQ-2 Gas Sensor is capable of detecting different types of flammable gases on calibrated

sensitivity. This sensor can be calibrated using the potentiometer fitted in the breakout board of

MQ-3 gas sensor. The sensor gives an analog output.The core component of the LPG leakage

detection system is the gas sensor. MQ2 sensors, specifically designed for detecting LPG, are

commonly employed due to their high sensitivity, low cost, and long lifespan (Liu et al., 2012).
These sensors convert LPG concentration into an electrical signal, providing real-time data for

leak detection.

Control Circuitry:

The control circuitry serves as the system's intelligence, processing sensor inputs and activating

appropriate responses. A microcontroller, such as the Arduino Uno, is a suitable choice for this

task. The microcontroller receives sensor readings, compares them to predefined threshold

values, and triggers alarms or initiates extinguishing measures accordingly (Song et al., 2018).

Alarm Mechanisms:

Alarm systems are crucial for alerting occupants of potential LPG leaks. Audible alarms, such as

buzzers or sirens, provide immediate notification, while visual alarms, such as LED indicators,

offer persistent warnings. Additionally, SMS or email notifications can be incorporated to alert

remote personnel (Hussain et al., 2017).

GSM Module A Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) module is designed for

wireless radiation monitoring through Short Messaging Service (SMS). This module is able to

receive serial data from radiation monitoring devices such as survey meter or area monitor and

transmit the data as text SMS to a host server. Practically, the working of the system is split up

into three main parts.

The concentration of gas particles is detected by the MQ-2 gas sensor with the help of C-16

portable gas leak detector.

Microcontroller unit in which a program is written. When a gas sensor detects leaked gas

particles it sends signal to the microcontroller.

Microcontroller unit (MCU) traces the difference, it sends a signal directly to the linked alarm

unit followed by sending a text message to the owner of the house with the help of GSM

SIM800L module.Then automatically switch the extinguisher

System Implementation

Sensor Placement:

Gas sensors should be strategically positioned to maximize leak detection sensitivity. Areas

around LPG appliances, storage tanks, and piping connections are critical locations for sensor

placement (Aslam et al., 2018).

Power Supply:

A reliable power supply is essential for continuous system operation. Uninterrupted power

supplies (UPS) can provide backup power during mains outages, ensuring uninterrupted leak

detection and protection (Nguyen et al., 2019).

Block Diagram

The block diagram and summary of the 3 parts of the system (input, process unit, and output) is

shown in fig (1).

INPUT PROCESS UNIT OUTPUT

POWER SUPPLY BUZZER

ARDUINO
UNO LCD DISPLAY
GAS SENSOR

GMS MODULE
Functions of the major Components used

Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO board provides the engineers, artist, designers, hobbyist and anyone who tinker

with technology with a low-cost, easy to use technology to create creative, interactive object,

useful projects etc. A whole new breed of projects can now be built that can be controlled from a

computer. Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs – light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a

Twitter message – and turn it into an output – activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing

something online’ we can tell our board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the

microcontroller on the board. To do so, you use the Arduino programming language (based on

wiring), and the Arduino software (lDE) based on processing. The Arduino software is easy-to-

use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users.

Figure 4: Arduino UNO R3

MQ-2 Gas Sensor

The sensor is capable of detecting different types of flammable gases on calibrated sensitivity.

This sensor can be calibrated using the potentiometer fitted in the breakout board of MQ-2 gas

sensor. The sensor gives an analog output. This is a simple-to-use LPG sensor, suitable for

sensing LPG (composed of mostly propane and butane) concentrations in the air. The MQ-2 can
detect gas concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000ppm. The sensor’s output is an analog

resistance. Interfacing with the sensor module is done through a 4-pin breadboard compatible

SIP header and requires one l/o pin from the host microcontroller. The on-board microcontroller

provide initial heating interval after power-up and then starts to measure LPG sensor output. If it

found the LPG concentration above preset value, it will inform the Host controller by pulling the

output pin to High and Starts to blink onboard LED. The sensor module is mainly intended to

provide a means of comparing LPG sources and being able to set an alarm limit when the source

becomes excessive. It consists of four pins.

Figure 5: MQ-2 Gas Sensor

GSM SIM800L Module

The SIM800L Quad-band Network Mini GPRS GSM Breakout Module is based on SIM800L

module, supports quad-band GSM/GPRS network, available for GPRS and SMS message data

remote transmission. The board features compact size and low current consumption. With power

saving technique, the current consumption is as low as 1mA in sleep mode. It communicates

with the microcontroller via UART port, supports command including 3GPP TS 27.007, 27.005

and SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands.

 Figure 6: GSM SIM800L ModuleThe Principle of Operation of the Entire System

This Gas leakage detection module consists of small LPG gas sensor, Arduino UNO board,

GPRS Shield, Cell phone, LED that fit into a small place. One portion of the Gas sensor is

connected to the power supply.

In the next portion, the central heat coil is connected to the Ground. One of the remaining two

pins is connected to the ARDUINO’s analog pin. The last pin is connected to the ground via

10KΩ load resistance. In this way the sensor communicates with the microcontroller.

Parallelly, alarm is connected to a digital pin. GPRS shield is embedded on Arduino controller

board that reads the information (data) from Sensor processes it and sends an SMS to the user via

radial link. The GPRS Shield includes the GSM SIM 800 module that reads and sends message

through AT commands.

Multiple users can be added to the SIM card. Alarm provides the long beep to help the visually

impaired people to protect themselves. Instead of leaving voice alert, long beep has higher

frequency range that travels long distance.

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