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Supplemental Notes On Data Analysis

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Rameir Angelo Catamora
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18 views16 pages

Supplemental Notes On Data Analysis

Uploaded by

Rameir Angelo Catamora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA ANALYSIS

Frequency Distribution
Descriptive Analysis

Mean – average of the collected values.

SD – dispersion of the data from the mean.


Test of Normality
• Statistical tests and models, such as t-tests, analysis of variance
(ANOVA), and linear regression, Pearson Correlation.
• Detection of outliers.
• Making probabilistic statements about population parameters.
• It simplifies interpretation and makes it easier to draw meaningful
conclusions from statistical analyses.
• Applicable to continuous data, not on categorical data.
• Visual and text analysis
• Z score < +-3 or 2.68
Homogeneity of Variances/Equal Variances
The spread or variability of the data within each group is roughly equal.
- Bartlett’s Test of Spherecity
- Tests whether there is enough correlation among the variables.
- P value <.05 (significant) = sufficient correlation
- KMO Test (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test)
- Sampling adequacy = >.5
- Substantial portion of the variance in the variables can be explained by the underlying
factors.
- Levene’s Test
- Ho = no difference in the variances of the groups compared.
- P value =< .05; there is a difference – variances are not equal.
- Type I error (false-positive) occurs if an investigator rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true in the
population;
- Type II error (false-negative) occurs if the investigator fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false
in the population
Test of Normality
• Analyze – >Descriptives - >Explore
• Skewness (asymmetry) and Kurtosis (peakedness/flatness)
• Skewness +- 3; Kurtosis +-7
• KS test and Shapiro Test of Normality
• = p value < .05 (normal distribution)
Removing Outliers
• Analyze-Descriptive Stats-Descriptives-Save standardized values (Z)
• Z value > +- 3.29
• Delete:
• Through missing values = variable view
• Select cases
• Manual deletion from the boxplot.
Statistical Tests based on the Type of Scale
Continuous Scale – Mean Analysis (COMA)
DV Categorical Data – Percentage Analysis (CAPA)
IV
Categorical Continuous
Analysis of Variance When choosing a test, remember the
(ANOVA) (> 2 groups) following:
Categorical Chi-Square
2-Sample T-test
1. Level of Measurement
(<=2 groups)
2. Sample
Multiple or Linear 3. Purpose (relationship, difference,
Logistic
Continuous Regression influence)
Regression
Correlation
Pop Quiz
• You want to see the mean age of employees is 30 y.o. ____________
• You want to test if there is a difference on their intention to use with
respect to their age. ________________
• You want to determine the influence of educational attainment to job
performance ______________
• You want to see if there is a difference in terms of their weight in
relation to their diet plan (vegan, intermittent, keto) ____________
• You want to see if there is a relationship between income and savings
___________

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