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Reaction Lab Report

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Anowara khatun
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8 views

Reaction Lab Report

Uploaded by

Anowara khatun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group-3

Experiment no: 01

Name of the experiment: Determination of reaction order, rate constant, and activation
energy of dye (Crystal Violet) decomposition reaction.

Theory:

Crystal Violet (CV) is a highly coloured compound whose formula may be represented below
by one of its many resonance structures.

In the presence of hydroxide ion, CV undergoes a change to a colourless carbinol as shown


above. Therefore the reaction can be studied by monitoring the colour change at a selected
wavelength. The absorption spectrum and molar absorptivity of CV have been determined
and the absorption maximum occurs at 590 nm.

In this experiment, the kinetics of hydrolysis of crystal violet in basic solution is studied at
298K. The order of reaction, specific rate constant, and dependence of the rate on ionic
strength are determined. Since the dye is coloured, a convenient way to determine the
reaction rate is to monitor the absorbance of the dye as a function of time. Carrying out the
reaction in large excess [OH-], a technique called isolation (or flooding) assures that the
concentration of the OH remains constant throughout each kinetics experiment (run).
Under these circumstances the changes in absorbance at the wavelength maximum in the
dye absorbance spectrum give the time dependence of the dye concentration. From these
data the order of reaction with respect to the [CV] can be deduced.

The rate law has the general form,

1
Group-3

For activation energy,

K = Ae-Ea/RT

=> lnk = -Ea / RT + lnA

Compare with, y = mx + c

=> m = -Ea/R

Hence, Ea = -m x R ----- (1)

Apparatus:

1. Beaker
2. Conical flask
3. Glass rod
4. Water bath chamber
5. Pipette
6. Measuring cylinder

Chemicals:

1. C25N3H30Cl (Crystal violet)


2. NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)

Working Procedure:

1. At first we prepare 500ml 60ppm crystal violet solution adding 30 mg solid crystal
violet with 500 ml distilled water.
2. Then we prepare 0.0025 M NaOH solution.
3. We take 100 ml of CV solution in a beaker and add 1 ml of 0.0025M NaOH solution in
it. And check the degradation of the sample at 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min,
25 min on UV spectrometer respectively.
4. Again we take 100 ml of CV solution in a conical flask and add 1 ml of 0.0025 M
NaOH solution in it. And set the flask in the water bath at temperature 30 0 C and
collect the sample after 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min and check the
degradation of the samples on UV spectrometer respectively.
5. We start counting the time for the reaction in the water bath after the temperature
of the sample becomes equilibrium with the system.
6. Thus we repeat the process for 400C and 500C and check the degradation of the
samples carefully.

2
Group-3

Caution:

1. We prepare the solutions with proper measurement for better result.


2. We should be aware of using CV solution because it’s one type of dye that can colour
our
3. clothes and hands badly.
4. We should be aware of time sense while the test for proper result.
5. We start counting the time for the reaction in the water bath after the temperature
of the
6. sample becomes equilibrium with the system.

Experimental data:

Table no: 01 (Determination of rate constant at 300C)

time(min) time(sec) [A] ln[A] 1/[A]


0 0 3.039 1.1115 0.329
5 300 3.056 1.1171 0.3272
10 600 3.044 1.1131 0.3285
15 900 3.044 1.1131 0.3285
20 1200 3.041 1.1121 0.3288
25 1500 3.025 1.1069 0.3305

Table no: 02 (Determination of rate constant at 400C)

time(min) time(sec) [A] 1/[A]


5 300 3.008 0.3324
10 600 2.928 0.3415
15 900 3.015 0.3316
20 1200 3.028 0.3302
25 1500 2.962 0.3376

Table no: 03 (Determination of rate constant at 500C)

time(min) time(sec) [A] 1/[A]


5 300 2.935 0.3407
10 600 2.913 0.3432
15 900 2.857 0.35
20 1200 2.894 0.3455
25 1500 2.768 0.3612

3
Group-3

Table no: 04 (Determination of activation energy)

T(k) k (sec-1) 1/T ln(k)


303 0.000001 0.0033 -16.118
313 0.0000003 0.003194 -15.0194
323 0.00001 0.003095 -11.513

Calculation:

Using table no: 01

Rate constant, k
-m = 1 x 10-5

Rate constant, k
-m = 4 x 10-6

4
Group-3

Rate constant, k
-m = 1 x 10-6

Using table no: 02

Rate constant, k

-m = 3 x 10-7

Using table no: 03

Rate constant, k

-m = -1 x 10-5

5
Group-3

Using table no: 04

Using equation (1)

Ea = -m x R = - (-22321) x 8.314 x (1/1000) = 185.57 kj/mol

Result:

1. Order of the reaction was second


2. Rate constant for zero order, first order and second order are 1 x 10-5, 4 x 10-6 and
1 x 10-6 respectively.
3. Activation energy approximately 185.57 kj/mol

Discussion:

1. From the experiment we observe that the rate of reaction is high at the starting
point.
2. With increase of time the rate of reaction becomes low.
3. It is a second order reaction and the order of reaction is independent of
temperature.
4. The rate of reaction is low at low temperature.
5. At higher temperature the rate of reaction increases as the activation energy
decreases at higher temperature.

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