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IITS-V(SS)-0i.19-0026 Reg.No. l\-/L
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B.Tech. Degree W Semester Speciul Supplementsry Exuminutiott

January 2019
ME 1 s-r 60- TRANSFER
"'A;fllr,Yl,tt
Ti;ne: 3 Hor-trs Maximum Mirrks: liO

PART A
(Answer,4II questions)
(10 x 2:2C)
i. (a) Explain Fourier larv of heat conduction and the concept of therrnal resistance.
(b) What is critical thickness of insulation? Explain its significance.
(c) Explain significance of fin effectiveness and fin efficiencl.
(d) Explain thermal boundary layer fbr forced convection heat transfer from
flat plates.
(c) Discuss drop rvise and film wise condensations.
(0 Explain radiation shape factor and shape factor algebra'
(g) Explain electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
(li) Explain Planck's law and Wien's displacement law.
(i) How heat exchangers are classified based on the florv drrcction?
fi) Define heat exchanger effectiveness and NTU.

PART B
(4 ^ 10:40j
Il. (a) Derive general heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates. (6)
(b) Calculate the oritical radius of insulation for asbestos lk: 0.17 Wm"Cl (4)

surrounding a pipe and exposed to room air at 20" C rvith h : 3.0 W/m2oC.
Also deterrnine the heat loss per unit length from a 200o C, 5 cm diameter
pipe, when covered with the critical radius of insulation and witliout
insulation.
OR
III. (a) Derive the e.xpression for temperature distribution and heat transfer rate in an (5)
infinitely straight fin of rectangular profile.
(h) A steel ball [Co : A.46 kJi kg"C, k: 35 Wlmo C, p=7800 kg/m]1, 5 cm in (.1 )

diarneter and initially at a uniform temperature of 450"C is suddenly placed

in a controlled environment in which the temperature is maintained at
100.C. The convectir:n heat-transfer coefficient is 10W/m'oC. Calctrlate
the time required for the ball to attain a temperature of 150o C.

lv. (a) Air at 27" C and 1 atm flows over a flat plate at a speed of 2 m/s. Tlie plate (6)
is heated over its entire length to a temperature of 60" C. (i) Calculate the
hydrodynamic and thennal boundary-layer thickness at distances of 20 cm
and 40 cm from the leadin! edge of the plate. (ii) Calculate the heat
transferred fiom top surface in the first 20 cm of the plate. (iii) Calculate the
skin friction or drag coefficient at a distance of ,10 crn from leading edge of
plate.
(b) What is Reynold's analogy? Describe relation between fluid friction atrd (4)
heat transfer.
OR
(P.T.{}.)
 l
V. (a) A horizontal pipe 0.3 m in diameter is maintained at a temperature of 250" C (s)
in a roorn where the ambient air is at 15o C. Calculate the free-convection
heat loss per meter of length.
(b) Explain the beriling regimes and boiling cunre with the help of a suitable (5)
sketch.

VI. ia) Derive the relation for radiative heat exchange between two non-black (6)
inlinite parallel plarte s.
(b) For a hemispherical furnace, the floor is at 700 K, and has an ernissivity of (.1)

0.5. ]-he hemispherical top is at 1000 K and has emissivit)'of 0.25.

Determine the net radiative heat transf'er per unit area fi"om rcrof to floor.

OR
vII. (a) Calculate the net radiant heat exchange per tn2 area tbr trvo large parallel {'7 )
plates at temperatures of 727'C and l27o C respectively.
'fhe emissivities of
hot and cold plates are 0.8 and 0.4 respectivelv. If a polished alunrinium
shield of emissir,i5'0.04 on both sides is placed betw'een thern, find the
shield temperature and percentage reduction in the heat iransfer.
(b) Explain the terms absorptivity, reflectivitv and trasmissivity. (J I

YIu. (a) A counter flow heat exchanger is used to cool 2000 kg/hr of oil (7)
(Co : 2.5 kJlkgK) from 105" C to 30o C b,v the use of water entering
at 150C. 'I'he overall heat transfer coefficient is expected to be 1.5 kW/m2K.
Presurne that the exil temperature of the water is not to exceed 80" C. lJsing
NTU rmethod , make calculations for: (i) the lvater flow rate (ii) the surface
area required for hcat transfer (iii) the effectiveness ofheat exchanger.
(b) What do you mean by fouling factor? What are the causes of lbuling? (3)
OR
IX. (a) Derive an expression for log mean temperature difference (I.MTD) for a (s)
parallel flow heat exchanger.
(b) Steam condenses at l00oC on the external surface ofthe tubes ofa steam (s)
condenser. The tubes are 12 in number and each is 30 mm in diameter and
10 m iong. Thc inlet and outlet temperatures of cooling water flowitig inside
the tubes are 25"C and 60'C. If the rvater flow rate is 1.1 kg/s, calculate
(i) Rate of condensation of steam (ii) The overall heat transfer coefficient
based on the tube surface area.

Jg*
3TS-VI(MS)-06-23- 1815 Reg.No.

B.Tech.DegreeVI SemesterRegular/Supplementary
Examination
ftInc 2023
ME 19-205-0604HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2019 Scheme)
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 60
CourseOutcomes
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
COI: Understand the basic modes of heat transfer
C02: Get an insight on conduction, convection and radiation heat transfers.
C03 : Apply the knowledge of heat transfer through various geometries for optimizing the thickness of
insulation.
C04: Understand the unsteady heat conduction and its applications.
CC)5: Get a concept on multiphase flow, diffusion and convective mass transfer.
C06: Attain information of parallel and counterflow heat exchangersand their design aspects.
Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels (BL): Ll – Remember,L2 – Understand,L3 – Apply, L4 –Analyze, L5 – Eva]uate,
L6 – Create
PO '- Programme Outcome
PART A
(Answer ALL questions)
(8 x 3 = 24) Marks BL CO PO
I. (a) Stateand explain Fourier’s law of heat conduction. 3 L2 ] 1

(b) Define Biot number. What is its significance? 3 LI 4 1

(C) How we can differentiate thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layers? 3 L2 5 1

(d) Why are higher heat transferratesexperienced

in drop wise 3 L2 5 1
condensation than in film condensation?
(e) State and explain KinhhofPs law. 3 Ll 2 1

(f) Explain the terms radiosity and irradiation with a simple sketch. 3 LI 2 I

(g) What do you meanby fouling factor? Mention the causesof fouling. 3 L2 6 1

(h) Compare the parallel flow and counterflow heat exchanger. Why the 3 L2 6 I

counterflow heat exchangers are commonly used?

PART B
(4 x 12= 48)
II. (a) Derive two-dimensional heat conduction equation in Cartesian 6 L3 1,2
coordinates. State the assumptions used. Represent the same in vector
form
(b) A composite wall of a house is made of 0.1 m layer of common brick 6 L3 1,2
(k = 0.7 W/m'’C) followed by a 0.04 m layer of gypsum plaster
(k = 0.48 W/m'’C). What thicknessof loosely packed rock wool
insulation (k = 0.065 W/m'’C) should be added to reduce the heat loss
or gainthroughthe wall by 80%?
OR
III. (a) State and explain the critical thickness of insulation based on electrical 6 L3 3
wires and a steam pipe. Derive an expressionfor critical thickness of
insulation for a cylinder.
(b) A wire of 7 mm diameter at a temperature of65'C is to be insulated by 6 L3 3 3
a material having thermal conductivity k = 0.174 W/m'’C. The
convective heat transfer coefficient h, = 8.712 W/m2 'C. The ambient
temperatureis 20'’C. Find the critical radius of insulation. For
maximum heat loss, what is the minimum thickness of insulation and
the heat loss per metre length? Also comparethe amount of heat
dissipated with this thickness of insulation and without insulation.
(P.T.O.)
 2

BTS-VI(R/S)-06-23- 1815
Marks BL CO PO
IV. (a) Explain the boiling regimes with a suitable sketch. 6 L2 5 2
(b) Waterat the rateof 0.6 kg/s is passedthrougha tube of 20 mm 6 L3 5 2
diameter. Then it is found to be heated from 20'’C to 50'’C. The heating
is accomplishedby condensingsteamon the surfaceof the tube and
subsequent]y the surface temperature of the tube is maintained at
85'’C. Determine the length of the tube required for fully developed
flow. Take the thermos physical properties of water at 60c’Cas:
p = 983.2 kg/m3; Cp = 4. ] 78 kJ/kgK,
k = 0,659 W/m'’C; kinematicviscosity v = 0.478x 10–6m2/s.
OR
V. (a) Define ReynoldsAnalogy. 5 LI 5
(b) A cylindrical body of 300 mm diameter and 1.6 m height is maintained 7 L3 5
at a constant temperature of 36.5'’C. The surrounding temperature is
13.5':C.Find out the amountof heat to be generatedby the body per
hour if:
p = 1.025 kg/m3, Cp = 0.96 KJ/kg'’C, v = 15.06 x 10-6m2/s,
k = 0.0892 kJ/m-sec')C, and p = 0.003356 K-1
Assume Nu = 0.12 (Gr. Pr) 1/3

VI. (a) Write a note on the properties of black body. What potential changes 5 L2 2
in heat transfer occur if a surface selected is gray instead of black
surface?
(b) Assuming the sun to be a black body having a surface temperature of 7 L3 2
5800 K, calculate: (i) the total emissive power (ii) the wavelength at
which the maximum spectral intensity occurs (iii) the maximum value
of Bbl.(iv)the total energy emitted by the sun per unit time if its
diameter can be assumedto be 1.391 x 109 m
OR
VII. (a) Explain the effect of using radiation shield. What is the criteria for 4 L2 2
selecting shield materials?
(b) Two large plates are placed parallel, one at temperature tI = 827'’C 8 L3 2
with emissivity €1= 0,8 and other at t2=327'’C with emissivity 82= 0.4,
An aluminium radiation shield with an emissivity 8, = 0.05 on both
sides is placed between the plates. Calculate the percentage reduction
in heat transfer rate between the two plates as a result of the shield.

VIII. (a) Derive the expression for LMTD for a counter flow heat exchanger. 6 L2 6
(b) The flow rates of hot and cold water streams running through a 6 L3 6
parallel now heat exchangerare 0.2 kg/s and 0.5 kg/s respectively.
The inlet temperatureson the hot and cold sidesare 75'C and 20'’C
respectively.llle exit temperatureof hot water is 40'>C.If the
individual heat transfer coefficients on both sides are 650 W/m2c>C.
calculate the area of the heat exchanger.
OR
IX. (a) How are the heat exchangers classified? 2 LI 6
(b) In an oil cooler oil enters at 170'’C. If water entering at 30'’C flows 10 L3 6
parallel to the oil, the exit temperatureof oil and water are 90'’C and
70'C respectively. Determine the exit temperatureof oil and water if
the two fluids flow in the opposite directions.Assumethat the flow
rates of the two fluids and Uc)remain unaltered.What would be the
minimum temperaturesto which the oil could be cooled in parallel
flow operation?

Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels

Ll = 20.83%, L2 = 37.5%, L3 = 41 .67%.
+++
BTS-VI-04.l8-0688 Reg. No.

B.Tech. Degree W Semester Examination April 2018

ME 15.16O4ITEAT AIID MASS TRANST'ER
(2015 Scheme)

(Approved heat and mass transfer data boolcs are permitted)

Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 60

PART A
(Answer,,4IZ questions)
(10 x 2 :20)

I. (a) Explain thermal conductivity. Derive the thermal conduction resistance

for a composite plane wall with three different materials in series.
(b) Derive an expression to find the critical radius of insulation over a
cylinder. Give an example where you prefer to have critical radius for the
insulation.
(c) What is the significance of biot number in the lumped system analysis of
unsteady conduction? Explain the limit of biot number applicable for a
lumped system.
(d) Draw the boundary layers for a hot vertical plate suspended in
atmospheric air. Mark velocity and temperature profiles.
(e) Explain different stages of pool boiling with pool boiling Saph.
(0 What is meant by a gray body? What is its significance in radiation
analysis?
(e) Explain emissivity. What is the emissivity of sun?
{h) Explain the significance of NTU for heat exchangers.
(i) Draw the temperature profile variation for parallel flow/counter flow heat
exchangers and condenser.
fi) Explain the effect of fouling on heat exchanger performance. How does it
affect the design of a heat exchanger?

PART B
(4" 10 = 40)
T" (a) Consider a cylindrieal 0.10 cm diameter copper thermocouple wire (s)
originally at 150'C. Determine the time required for the thormocouple to
reach equilibrium with 1'C difference with the fluid when this wire is
suddenly immersed in water at 40oC (heat transfer coefficient 80 Wlm'?K)
and in air at 40oC (heat transfer coefficient 10 WmrK).
(b) Compare the heat loss from an insulated and an uninsulated copper pipe (5)
under the following conditions. The pipe (conductivity 400 WmK) has
an internal diameter of 10 cm and an external diameter of 12 cm.
Saturated steam flows inside the pipe at 110"C. The pipe is located in a
space at 30'C and the heat transfer coefficient on its outer surface is
estimated to be i5 Wm'?K. The insulation availahle to reduce heat losses
is 5 cm thisk and its conductivity is 0"20 WlmK.
OR
III. (a) A steel pipe line (fr: 50 WmK) of ID 100 mm and OD 110 mm is to be (s)
covered with trryo layers of insulation each having a thickness of 50 mm.
The thermal conductivity of the first insulation material is 0.06 WlmK
and that of the second is 0.12 WlmK. Calculate the loss of heat per metre
length of pipe and the interface temperature between the two layers of
insulation when the temperature of the inside tube surface is 250oC and
that of the outside surface of the insulation is 50oC.
(P.r.o.)
 2

(b) To increase the heat dissipation from a 2.5 cm OD tube, circumferential

fins made of aluminium (conductivity 200 wlmK) are soldered to the
outer surface. The fins are 0.1 cm thick and have an outer diameter of \
5.5 cm. The tube temperature is l00oc, the environmental temperature is
25oC, and the heat transfer coefficient between the furs and the
environment is 65 wm2K. There are 100 fins per meter length of tube.
Calculate the rate of heat loss with fins and without fins (assume same
heat hansfer coefficient) per meter length of the tube"

IV. (a) An electronic device is cooled by water flowing through capillary holes (s)
drilled in the casing. The temperature of the device easing is constant at
353 K. The capillary holes are 0.3 m long and2.54 x 10-3 m in diameter.
If water enters at a temperature of 333 K and flows at a velocity of
0.2 m/s, calculate the outlet temperature of water.
(b) Determine the Nusselt number for water flowing at an average velocity (s)
of 3 m/s in an annulus formed between a2.54 cm OD tube and a 34.8 cm
ID tube. The water is at 83oc and is being cooled. The temperature of
the inner wall is 38oC, and the outer wall of the annulus is insulated.
Neglect entrance effects and choose appropriate correlation'
OR
V. (a) water entering at l0'c is to be heated to 40oc in a tube of 0.02 m ID at a (5)
mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s. The outside of the tube is wrapped with an
insulated electric-heating element that produces a uniform flux of
15,000 Wm2 over the surface. Neglecting any entranee effects,
determine the heat transfer coefftcient, the length of pipe needed for a
30oC increase in average water temperature.
(b) A 2.0 cm diameter horizontal heater is maintained at a surface (5)
temperature of 38oC and submerged in water at 27"C. Calculate the free-
convection heat loss per unit length ofthe heater'

VI. (a) Liquefied oxygen (boiling temperature, -l83oc) is to be stored in a (s)

spherical container with 0.3 m in diameter. The system is insulated by an
evacuated space between the inner sphere and a surrounding 0.46 m ID
concentric sphere. Both spheres are made of polished aluminum
(emissivity : 0.03), and the temperature of the outer sphere is -1'c.
Estimate the rate of heat flow by radiation to the oxygen in the container.
(b) Two parallel plates 0.5 m by 1.0 m are spaced 0.5 m apart. one plate is (5)
maintained at 1000"C and the other at 500 'C. The emissivities of the
plates are 0.2 and 0.5, respectively. The plates are located in a very large
room, the walls of which are maintained at 27oC. The plates exchange
heat with each other and with the room, but only the plate surfaces facing
each other are to be considered in the analysis. Find the net transfer to
each plate and to the room.
OR
V11. (a) Two very large parallel planes with emissivities 0.3 and 0.8 exchange (5)
heat. Find the percentage reduction in heat transfer when a polished-
aluminum radiation shield (emissivity 0.04) is placed between them.
(b) Two large parallel planes having emissivities of 0.3 and 0.5 are (5)
maintained at temperatures of 900 K and 400 K, respectively. A
radiation shield having an emissivity of 0.05 on both sides is placed
between the two planes" Calculate the heat-transfer rate per unit area if
the shield were not present, the heat-transfer rate per unit area with the
shield present, and the temperature of the shield.
(Contd...3)
 3

(a) Determine the heat transfer surface area required for a heat exchanger (s)
constructed from a 0.0254 m OD tube to cool 6.93 kgls of an ethyl
alcohol solution (Specific heat Cp:3810 ykg K) from 65.6"C to 39.4"C,
using 6.306 kg/s of water available at 10oC (Cp = 4187 J/kgK). Assume
that the overall coefficient of heat transfer based on the outer-tube area is
568 W/m'zK and consider each of the following arrangements:
(i) parallel-flow (ii) counter-flow. Assume that the alcohol is flowing
through the shell and the water is flowing through the tubes.
(b) Hot oil at 100"C is used to heat air in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. (s)
The oil makes six tube passes and the air makes one shell pass; 2.0 kg/s
of air are to be heated from 20oC tc 80oC. The specific heat of the oil is
2100 J/kg"C, and its flow rate is 3.0 kg/s. Calculate the area required for
the heat exchanger for U:200 Wm2oC.
OR
x. (a) A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is used as an ammonia condenser with (6)
ammonia vapor entering the shell at 50'C as a saturated vapor. Water
enters the single-pass fube arrangement at2}oC and the total heat transfer
rate required is 200 kW. The overall heat-transfer coeffrcient is
estimated as 1000 Wm2oC. Determine the area to achieve a heat
exchanger effectiveness of 60 percent with an exit water temperature of
40"C. What percent reduction in heat transfer would result if the water
flow is reduced to half while keeping the heat exchanger af,ea and U the
same?
(b) Derive an expression to find the LMTD of a oounkeflow heat exchanger. (4)

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