IOT 2MARKS

1. Define Arduino.

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware

and software. It consists of a microcontroller board, development environment,
and a community that supports building digital devices and interactive objects.

2. List out any two features of Arduino.

• Open-Source: Arduino's hardware and software designs are open-source,

allowing users to modify and share their designs freely.

• Versatile: Arduino supports a wide range of input and output devices,

making it suitable for various projects from simple blinking LED circuits to
complex robotics.

3. List out any four types of Arduino.

1. Arduino Uno

2. Arduino Mega

3. Arduino Nano

4. Arduino Due

4. What is meant by Arduino Programming Structure.

The Arduino programming structure refers to the syntax and organization of code
written for Arduino boards using the Arduino Integrated Development
Environment (IDE). It typically includes setup() and loop() functions where
initialization and main program logic are written, respectively.

5. List out any two advantages of Arduino Shields.

• Expandability: Arduino shields allow easy expansion of hardware

capabilities, adding features like Wi-Fi, Ethernet, motor control, etc., without
complex wiring.

• Plug-and-Play: Shields are designed to be plug-and-play modules,

simplifying the process of adding functionalities to Arduino projects.
6. What are the types of Arduino Shields.

There are various types of Arduino shields based on their functionalities, such as:

1. Communication Shields (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth)

2. Sensor Shields (Temperature, Motion, Light)

3. Motor Control Shields (DC motor, Servo motor)

4. Display Shields (LCD, LED matrix)

7. What are the types of Sensors in Arduino.

Arduino supports various types of sensors, including:

• Temperature and humidity sensors

• Motion sensors (PIR, ultrasonic)

• Light sensors (LDR, photodiode)

• Gas sensors (CO2, methane)

8. What are the various types of Communication Models.

Communication models in Arduino projects can include:

• Serial communication (UART)

• SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)

• I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)

• Wireless communication (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, RF)

9. What are the Four Common Types of API.

1. RESTful APIs: Representational State Transfer APIs used for web services.

2. SOAP APIs: Simple Object Access Protocol APIs for exchanging structured
information.

3. JSON-RPC APIs: JSON Remote Procedure Call APIs for client-server

communication.

4. XML-RPC APIs: Extensible Markup Language Remote Procedure Call APIs

similar to JSON-RPC but using XML.

10. List out the various types of IoT Communication Protocols.

Common IoT communication protocols include:

• MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)

• CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)

• HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure)

• Zigbee

• Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

11. What is the Purpose of using Bluetooth Technology.

Bluetooth technology is used for short-range wireless communication between

devices. Its purpose includes data transfer, wireless audio streaming (Bluetooth
speakers/headphones), device control (Bluetooth remote controls), and IoT
applications.

12. What is meant by WiFi.

Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the

internet and communicate with each other wirelessly within a local area network
(LAN). It uses radio waves for data transmission.
13. What is the purpose of using Radio Layer.

The radio layer in wireless communication systems handles the transmission and
reception of data using radio waves. Its purpose is to establish a communication
link between devices over the air without physical connections, enabling wireless
communication.

14. List out the Various Layers in Zigbee Architecture.

Zigbee architecture includes the following layers:

1. Physical Layer (PHY): Deals with radio frequency (RF) communications.

2. MAC Layer: Manages access to the wireless medium.

3. Network Layer: Handles routing and addressing.

4. Application Layer: Supports application-specific functionalities and

profiles.

15. What is meant by Global Positioning System.

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that

provides location and time information anywhere on or near the Earth. It uses a
network of satellites to determine accurate position coordinates.

16. What are the Three Goals of Complete Design of Embedded System.

The three goals of embedded system design are:

1. Functionality: Ensuring the system performs its intended tasks accurately.

2. Reliability: Ensuring the system operates consistently under various

conditions without failures.

3. Efficiency: Optimizing system resources (power, memory, processing) for

optimal performance.
17. List out the Five Major Phases of Waterfall Model.

The Waterfall model includes the following phases:

1. Requirements Gathering: Collecting and documenting system

requirements.

2. System Design: Planning and designing the system architecture.

3. Implementation: Coding and integrating system components.

4. Testing: Verifying system functionality and fixing bugs.

5. Deployment/Maintenance: Deploying the system and providing ongoing

maintenance and support.

18. What are the good set of requirements should meet in Requirement Analysis.

Good requirements in requirement analysis should be:

• Clear

• Complete

• Consistent

• Feasible

• Testable

• Traceable

19. What is meant by CRC card methodology.

CRC (Class-Responsibility-Collaborator) card methodology is a design technique

used in object-oriented analysis and design. It involves creating index cards for
classes, their responsibilities, and their collaborations to visualize and plan object-
oriented systems.
20. List out the three steps to be followed in Home Automation.

Home automation typically involves the following steps:

1. Planning: Identify automation needs, select devices, and plan their

integration.

2. Installation: Install automation devices such as smart switches, sensors,

and controllers.

3. Configuration: Configure devices, set up automation routines, and connect

to a central control system.

21. What are the Various Applications of Home automation.

Home automation finds applications in:

• Lighting control

• Temperature control (heating, cooling)

• Security systems (surveillance cameras, smart locks)

• Entertainment systems (smart TVs, audio systems)

• Energy management (smart thermostats, energy monitoring)

22. What are the IoT challenges in Healthcare.

Challenges in IoT implementation in healthcare include:

• Data security and privacy

• Interoperability of devices and systems

• Regulatory compliance (HIPAA, GDPR)

• Reliability and accuracy of medical data

• Scalability of IoT solutions for healthcare settings.