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Flexure Modelling of 3-Sides supported RC Rectangular Slabs

Presentation · September 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34198.68160

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 THESIS PRESENTATION

PRESENTED BY:-
SUSHANT GUPTA
M.Tech (Structures)
Guided by:- Dr. Harvinder Singh
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
3. OBJECTIVES
4. ANALYTICAL MODELLING
5. VALIDATION OF PROPOSED THEORY
6. RESULTS
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCES
 In design codes moment coefficients for various end conditions of slabs are
given but this is limited up to slabs supported on four sides but in routine
purposes sometimes designers encounter the problem of three sides
supported slabs for which moment coefficients are not such given in design
codes.
 In given literature many researchers gives the equations for three side
supported slab with different edge conditions and with different loading
conditions . But using these equations in daily routine are time consuming.
 To encounter this problem; some simple equations are proposed from
which design aids were proposed in form of bending moment coefficients
which are easy to use.
 Slabs may be analyzed by elastic theory or by limit analysis. Using these
approaches we can analyze a given slab system to determine either the
stresses in the slabs and supporting system or the load carrying capacity.
Alternatively, we can calculate the ultimate moment carrying capacity and
shear force of the slab system using these approaches.
 Elastic analysis gives uneconomical results as it does not considered the
full capacity of slabs whereas limit analysis also take advantage of this
spare capacity.
 Now a days many FEM based softwares are used to analyse the structures
based on linear and non-linear analysis which are helpful to calculate load
carrying capacity of the structure at failure point or at any stage of loading.
TITLE ( Year of Publication) NAME OF THE SUMMARY
AUTHOR

Reinforced Concrete Slabs ,(John Park R. and Gamble 1. Equations for orthotropic rectangular four side supported, three side
Wiley and Sons), 2000 W.L. supported and two side supported slabs with different slab conditions
carrying uniformly distributed load and concentrated load are proposed
using work energy method and equilibrium method.
2. Design of above said slabs is also carry out using yield line theory.
3. Rectangular slabs with openings carrying uniformly distributed load and
concentrated load are also analyzed.
4. A detailed analysis of effect of beam stiffness on slab moment is carry out.
5. Analysis of skew slabs, flat slabs, triangular slabs are also carried out.
6. Experimental work is also carried out to prove analytical work.

Collapse Load analysis of Yield-line Gohnert M 1. Gohnert represent the theory to calculate the ultimate load of slabs in
Elements, (Elsevier), 2000 form of yield-line elements for both elastic and in-elastic analysis. The
theory proposed called as over-shoot method.
2. Author firstly use fundamentals of elastic theory to makes the flexibility
matrix for elastic analysis.
3. After that elastic analysis transform into in-elastic analysis. It is carried
out by modify the elastic flexibility matrix which depend on over-shoot
moment (moment exceeded moment capacity of slab).
4. Results compared with experiments and Johansen yield line theory and
match within 20% of experimental data and 10% of yield line theory.
TITLE ( Year of Publication) NAME OF SUMMARY
THE AUTHOR

Numerical and Analytical predictions of the Famiyesin 1. Equations were developed for predicting the strength of rectangular two-
Limit Load of Rectangular Two Way Slabs, O.O.R. et al way spanning, reinforced concrete (RC) slabs of different nine edge
(Elsevier), 2001 conditions and under uniformly distributed loading. The efficiency of the
equations are assessed by their use for predicting known experimental
results.
2. Firstly, using conventional yield lines theory, equations were developed to
predict the ultimate strength of RC two way slab with different support
conditions. In this virtual work method is used in which external and
internal work done are equated to obtain ultimate load.
3. Results obtained by conventional yield line theory are mobilized by using
test results available in which membrane effect is taken. This is done by
directly plotting the graphs between yield line theory ultimate load and
test results. Using this graph best fit line is obtained which gives calibrated
yield line load.
4. Finite elements model were developed for different slabs with different
aspect ratios. It is helpful for simulating the wide range of experimental
results. By using parametric study of FE based analysis, charts were
developed which are helpful to determine collapse load of the slab with
different percentage of steel.
TITLE ( Year of Publication) NAME OF SUMMARY
THE AUTHOR

Dip and strike angles method for yield line Kwan A.K.H. 1. In this paper author describe the method for yield line analysis of slabs.
analysis of reinforced concrete slabs, Conventional yield line analysis is limited to simple slabs as in
(Magazine of Concrete Research, ICE), conventional yield analysis, position of yield lines were calculate using
2004 geometric co-ordinates of slab so it is difficult to apply on complex
shapes.
2. The author gives the method in which we can calculate yield line
patterns in terms of dip(rotation) and strike(orientation of axis of
rotation) of slab surface using work method. He also do minimization of
load in terms of dip and strike.
3. He also makes the computer program based on the method he proposed
in which user do need to input any initial assumed yield line pattern, as
program automatically use critical yield line pattern to get critical load.
4. Method applicability is checked by analysis simple cases with different
loading whose results were available by previous researchers and results
match within 1 percent of difference.
5. The only limitation is that this method is only applicable to convex
polygonal slabs i.e. not applicable to slabs with concave corners. This
means that whole slab area take parts in collapse mechanism.
TITLE ( Year of Publication) NAME OF SUMMARY
THE AUTHOR

Using yield line theory for interior panels of Baskaran K. and 1. In they describe different yield line collapse patterns for ultimate
slabs , (Institution of Civil Engineers, ICE), Morley C.T. capacity of flat slabs supporting on parallelogram column grid. These
2004 mechanisms were formulated using work energy method of yield line
theory proposed by johansen,
2. The yield line collapse patterns which are proposed are used to analyze
and calculate ultimate load carrying capacity of six flat slab models
carrying uniformly distributed load.
3. These six flat slab models are also tested at Cambridge university to
validate results obtained from yield line theory. Steel used in testing
have a strength of 395 Mpa and ordinary Portland cement is used.
4. Maximum deflection are note down using gauges in experimental testing
to select the correct mechanism which gives the ultimate load.
5. Crack patterns are also observed which are also used to identify the
correct collapse pattern and to fulfil serviceability requirements.
6. Results obtained experimentally match within 10 percent with results from
yield line theory for non-rectangular column grid.
TITLE ( Year of Publication) NAME OF THE SUMMARY
AUTHOR

Plastic Yield-Line analysis of Torsion- Gurley C. 1. Author uses his bimoment method to pursue the work done by Hillerberg
Free Two-Way and Flat Slabs, torsion free strip model. This method use for two way slab three side or four
(Australian Journal of Structural side supported and one way slab also. Author develops the algorithm for one
Engineering), 2009
beam with different end moments to calculate collapse load. This algorithm is
used simply for one way slab and in case of uniformly reinforced rectangular
two way slab, this algorithm is used in both directions separately by taking two
strips in each directions and then results are get added to get final collapse load
of two way slab.
2. The author point out that segments between yield lines may displace in hyperbola shape
which gives an extra independent equilibrium equation which gives extra resultant
stresses which he called “bimoment” which makes slab less statically indeterminate and
simple than johanses yield line theory.

Prediction of Collapse Load of “Three Harvinder singh , 1. Analytical modelling of a reinforced concrete slab, irrespective of whether a slab has
side Supported “ RC rectangular slabs : Manik Kumar, been supported at the rigid edges on all four sides or on three adjacent sides was carry
A simplified approach , (Indian Naveen Kwatra. out. These equations for four side supported slabs were derived from yield line theory
Concrete Journal), 2011 using principle of virtual work.
2. In this a simple approach is proposed in which equation derived for four sided
supported slab can be used also for three side supported slab by making mirror image of
three side supported slab.
3. Bending moment coefficients were calculated for particular aspect ratio of slab and
orthotropic coefficient of slab with the help of some examples. Results were compared
with well established equations given by Park R., Gamble W.L (2000) and also
compare the results obtained for four side supported slab with IS Code 456 -2000.
TITLE ( Year of Publication) NAME OF THE SUMMARY
AUTHOR

Finite element lower bound “yield line” A. Salam Al-Sabah Work Done:
analysis of isotropic slabs using rotation- and Holger Falter 1. Authors proposed a new lower bound FEM for analysis of isotropic slabs
free elements, ( Engineering Structures, to replace full non-linear FEA of slabs as it need expert knowledge and
Elsevier), 2013 more running time.
2. Previously from this research, yield lines are assumed to be located at
boundary of elements. To solve this problem, generally we reduce the
mesh size to get exact location of yield lines which increase run time.
3. In this method they allow the yield lines to pass through element. For
this they do some modifications in moment and rotation relationship
manually. It is based on incremental solution so no iterations required.
4. To check validation of method they match results with previous
researchers given in paper. For three side simply supported slab have
span dimensions 10m X 10m, results match with difference of less than
0.5 percent for collapse load.
5. Similarly for simply supported square plate subjected to point load have
span dimensions 10m X 10m, results match with difference of less than
0.13 percent with previous researchers and with difference of less than
13.75 percent with ANSYS.
Limitations of method:
1. Limited to isotropic slabs.
2. No shear force and axial effects considered.
3. Non linearity of material is not considered.
TITLE ( Year of Publication) NAME OF SUMMARY
THE AUTHOR

Analytical Investigation and design charts Singh H 1. Analytical investigation of laterally loaded RC rectangular plates stiffened
for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete with internal beams is carried out and check the effect of strength and
Stiffened-Plates , ( Engineering stiffness of internal beam on the moment field of the plate both on single
Mechanism), 2014 panel and multi-panel.
2. Design charts are prepared from which we can directly find out the
moment field of the plate correspond to a slab parameter (A) which
define the relations between the internal beam stiffness and moment
field of plates.
3. Other design charts are prepared by parametric study by using FEM
based softwares from which L/d ratio of beam can be determined
correspond to aspect ratio and orthotropy of slab.
Results and Discussion :
1. If the strength/or stiffness of internal beams reduce, it increase the
demand in moment field of slab which is monolithically casted.
2. The results shows that if the internal beams are hollow then the effect of
beams on plates are less as compared to rigid stiff internal beams.
3. Results obtained are validated with FEM based softwares and results are
favourable.
TITLE ( Year of Publication) NAME OF THE SUMMARY
AUTHOR

Rotation-free finite element ‘yield line’ A. Salam Al-Sabah 1. In this research work author represent the lower bound finite element
analysis of non-isotropic slabs, and Holger Falter method against full non-linear finite element method for analysis of non-
(Australian journal of Structural isotropic slab as in the previous research of author, this method is limited
Engineering, Taylor & Francis), 2015 to isotropic slabs.
2. They use rotation free plate element to model the slab models. Plate
elements were modified in such a way so that yield lines pass through the
plate elements.
3. They use elastic perfectly plastic material and the method proposed is
incremental load method so need for iterations required to get collapse
load.
4. To check accuracy of method, some examples were solved whose results
were solved previously by Johnson:
I. Three side simply supported square slab having skewed reinforcement
with one edge free carry uniform load were analysed and have a result
difference of -1.67 percent
II. Two adjacent edge simply supported with one column support carry
uniform load having grid size 16 X 10 is analysed and have a result
difference of -1.7 percent.
TITLE / Publisher ( Year of Publication) NAME OF THE SUMMARY
AUTHOR

Estimation of Bending Moment coefficients Aggarwal U. et al 1. Bending moment coefficients of two way RC slab on all four sides
of Two way RC Slabs :Finite Element supported with different nine edge conditions having size of slab
Approach, (Indian Journal of Science and panel of 4m x 6m at aspect ratio of 1.5 are calculated.
Technology), 2016 2. Method adopted was linear analysis using SAP 2000 and non- linear
static analysis using ANSYS.
Results and Discussion :
1. Coefficients obtained from linear analysis do not match with IS
Code for same loading and aspect ratio.
2. Coefficients obtained from non-linear analysis match with IS Code
for same loading and aspect ratio.
3. Results shows that moment coefficients do not depend on value of
loading. Results shows that negative yield line first occurs then
positive yield lines occurs.
4. In case of continuous slabs, yield lines first start at edges at longer
side then propagate at edges of shorter side and finally propagate to
middle of slab.
Following objectives that are to be fulfilled in this thesis work;

 To develop an analytical model of uniformly loaded 3-sides

supported RC rectangular slab.

 To validate the proposed model with the results available in the

literature.

 To test the proposed model numerically in ATENA to check its

accuracy and the flexural response under the applied load.

 To prepare design aids in term of bending moment coefficients for

the 3-sides supported RC rectangular slab.
 Let us consider a ultimate load w acting uniformly in downward direction at top surface
of the slab. The slab is resting on three sides and its one edge is free. The slab has
dimensions Lx in x direction and Ly in y direction thereby giving an aspect ratio of r = Ly
/ L x.

 The slab is orthotropic i.e. area of tension steel in both directions is different thereby
giving an ultimate moment of resistance of slab in mx in x direction and my in y
direction. The coefficient of orthotropy (μ) can be defined as ratio of my / mx .

 Here different cases based on support conditions are explained. Virtual work method is
used in which equilibrium is established by equating external work done by load w and
internal work done by ultimate resisting moments along yield lines at ultimate state.
There are two possible modes of failures occurs and critical of them is
considered.
Failure Mechanism 1

 Consider a slab carrying uniform area loading at top surface of slab.

Yield line pattern divides the slab into three triangular slab segments
(centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/3) and remaining two
rectangular slab segments (centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/2)
where δ is small arbitrary displacement in direction of load.
 In this mechanism y is unknown variable which has to be determined by
minimum load principle which define the location of yield line
correspond to maximum moment and minimum load.
External work done is given by,
( )
EWD = (4.1)
Similarly internal work done can be calculated as

IWD = (4.2)
Equating equations (4.1) and (4.2) to calculate mx we get,

( )
mx = (4.3)
( )
To calculate y, differentiate equation 4.3 w.r.t. y and equates to zero we get,

By solving above quadratic equation , value of β1 can be determined.

= β1 (4.4)

where, S1 is the slab constant which depends on aspect ratio and orthotropy
of slab.
S1 =
we can calculate mx from equation 3 by putting Ly = rLx in terms of β1 and
S1

mx = (4.5)
Failure Mechanism 2
 Consider a slab carrying uniform area loading at top surface of slab. Yield
line pattern divides the slab into four equal triangular slab segments
(centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/3) and a rectangular slab
segment between GH (centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/2) where
δ is small arbitrary displacement in direction of load.
 In this mechanism x is unknown variable which has to be determined by
minimum load principle which define the location of yield line correspond
to maximum moment and minimum load.
External work done is given by,
EWD = (4.6)
Similarly internal work done can be calculated as
IWD = (4.7)
Equating equation 4.6 and 4.7 we get,

mx = (4.8)
To calculate x, differentiate equation 4.8 w.r.t. x and equates to zero,

By solving above quadratic equation , value of β2 can be determined.

= β2 (4.9)
where, S2 is the slab constant which depends on aspect ratio and
orthotropy of slab.
S2 =

we can calculate mx by putting Ly = rLx in terms of β2 and S2

mx = and (4.10)

my = μmx
There are two possible modes of failures occurs and critical of them is
considered.
Failure Mechanism 1
 Consider a slab carrying uniform area loading at top surface of slab. Yield
line pattern divides the slab into three triangular slab segments (centroid
of virtual vertical deflection is δ/3) and remaining two rectangular slab
segments (centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/2) where δ is small
arbitrary displacement in direction of load.
 In this mechanism y is unknown variable which has to be determined by
minimum load principle which define the location of yield line
correspond to maximum moment and minimum load.
External work done is given by, EWD = (4.11)
Internal work done is given by,
IWD = (4.12)
where and are negative moments at continuous edge.
Equating equation 4.11 and 4.12 so we get,
mx = (4.13)

where i1 and i2 are continuity factor and is expressed as

and
To calculate y, differentiate equation 4.13 w.r.t. y and equates to zero
we get,

By solving above quadratic equation , value of β1 can be determined.

= β1 (4.14)

where, S1 is the slab constant which depends on aspect ratio, orthotropy

and continuity factor of slab.

S1 =

we can calculate mx by putting Ly = rLx in terms of β1 and S1

mx = and (4.15)
my = μmx
Failure Mechanism 2
 Consider a slab carrying uniform area loading at top surface of slab. Yield
line pattern divides the slab into four equal triangular slab segments
(centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/3) and a rectangular slab
segment between GH (centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/2) where δ
is small arbitrary displacement in direction of load.
 In this mechanism x is unknown variable which has to be determined by
minimum load principle which define the location of yield line correspond
to maximum moment and minimum load. In this a continuity factor and
are introduced due to continuity at edges in both x and y directions.
External work done is given by,
EWD = (4.16)
Similarly internal work done can be calculated as
IWD = (4.17)
Equating equation 4.16 and 4.17 we get,

mx = (4.18)
To calculate x, differentiate equation 4.18 w.r.t. x and equates to zero

By solving above quadratic equation , value of β2 can be determined which

gives the exact location of yield lines.

= β2 (4.19)

where, S2 is the slab constant which depends on aspect ratio, orthotropy

and continuity factor of slab.

S2 =

We can calculate mx by putting Ly = rLx in terms of β2 and S2

mx = and (4.20)

my = μmx
Here in given tables 4.1 and 4.2, slab parameter (S1 , S2 ) and (β1 , β2 ) is tabulated for
different edge/support conditions depending on continuity factors( and ) for both
failure mechanisms.

Table 4.1 Value of S1 and β1 for different support conditions

For Failure mechanism 1

Support Condition Value of S1
β1 =
i and i

Three Side Discontinuous i = 0, i = 0

1 + 3S − 1 4r
S μ

Three Side Continuous i = i

1 + 3S − 1 4r (1 + i )
i = i S μ(1 + i )

Parallel Supported edge i =0

1 + 3S − 1 4r (1 + i )
Continuous i = i S μ

Parallel Supported edge i = i

1 + 3S − 1 4r
Discontinuous i =0 S μ(1 + i )
 Table 4.2 Value of S2 and β2 for different support conditions

For Failure mechanism 2

Support Condition Value of S2
β2 =
i and i

Three Side Discontinuous i = 0,

3μ
4 + 3S − 2
i =0 r
S

Three Side Continuous i = i

4 + 3S − 2 3μ(1 + i )
i = i S r (1 + i )

Parallel Supported edge i =0

3μ
4 + 3S − 2
Continuous i = i S
r (1 + i )

Parallel Supported edge i = i

3μ(1 + i )
4 + 3S − 2
Discontinuous i =0 r
S
 There are two possible modes of failures occurs and critical of them is
considered.
Failure Mechanism 1

Consider a slab carrying uniform area loading at top surface of slab. Yield
line pattern divides the slab into three triangular slab segments (centroid
of virtual vertical deflection is δ/3) and remaining two rectangular slab
segments (centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/2). In this mechanism
x and y are two unknown variables which has to be determined by
minimum load principle which define the location of yield line
correspond to maximum moment and minimum load. In this a continuity
factor i2 is introduced due to continuity at edges in y directions.
External work done is given by,
( )
EWD = (4.21)
Similarly internal work done can be calculated as
( )
IWD = (4.22)
( )
Equating equations (4.21) and (4.22) to calculate mx we get,
( )
mx = (4.23)
[ ( ) ( )]
To calculate y, differentiate equation 4.23 w.r.t. y and equates to zero we get,
,

By solving above quadratic equation value of β1 can be determined.

= β1 (4.24)
where S1 is the slab constant which depends on orthotropy and continuity
factor of slab.
( )( )
S1 =
( )
Similarly, to calculate x, differentiate equation (4.23) w.r.t. x and equates to
zero we get,
,
Solving above equation we get,

By solving above quadratic equation, value of β2 can be determined.

= β2 (4.25)
where, S2 is the slab constant which depends on continuity factor of slab.
S2 =
( )
From equation (4.23), we can calculate mx
( )( )
mx = ( )
and (4.26)

my = μmx
Failure Mechanism 2
 Consider a slab carrying uniform area loading at top surface of slab.
Yield line pattern divides the slab into three triangular slab segments
(centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/3) and a rectangular slab
segment between GH (centroid of virtual vertical deflection is δ/2)
where δ is small arbitrary displacement in direction of load.
 In this mechanism and are two unknown variables which has to
be determined by minimum load principle which define the location of
yield line correspond to maximum moment and minimum load.
External work done is given by,

( )
EWD = (4.27)

Similarly internal work done can be calculated as

( ) ( )
IWD = (4.28)
Equating equations (4.27) and (4.28) to calculate mx we get,

( )
mx = (4.29)
( )

where is negative moments at continuous edges in x direction.

To calculate , differentiate equation (4.29) w.r.t. and equates to zero

Solving above equation we get,

(4.30)

To calculate , differentiate equation (4.29) w.r.t. and equates to zero

Solving above equation we get,

(4.31)

By solving equations 4.30 and 4.31 simultaneously we get the relation

between and which is helpful to calculate value of and .

= (4.32)

From equations 4.31 and 4.32 we get,

= (4.33)

where,

1 ( )
and
( )

From equations 4.30 and 4.32 we get,

= (4.34)

where,

and

By using equations 4.33 and 4.34 we can calculate mx from equation 4.29
as

( )
mx = ( ) ( ) and (4.35)

 my = μmx
 The theory is proposed in this research work in which equations were
developed for three sides supported RC rectangular slabs for different
support conditions using yield line theory.
 In this section, validation of the proposed theory is carried out using
available formulations and numerical simulation using ATENA software.
In table 5.1 comparison of bending moment field across slab is carried out for
three sided continuous slab having uniform load of 15.45 KN/m2 and Lx of
5m and aspect ratio of 1.6 and orthotropic coefficient 0.5.
Table 5.1 Comparison of moment field for 3-edge continuous slab
Park and Gamble Megson, THG
Moment – field Proposed Theory (2000) (2005)

Positive Moment parallel to free edge 15.99 15.99 16

Negative Moment parallel to free edge 20.08 20 20

Positive Moment perpendicular to free

7.99 8.11 8
edge

Negative Moment perpendicular to free

15.99 15.99 16
edge
 In present research work, numerical investigation of 3- sided supported RC
rectangular slabs with different support conditions is carried out using
FEM (Finite element Modelling) based non-linear analysis using ATENA
software.
 Numerical simulation is done to validate the design aids prepared in this
research work.

 In this research work ATENA is used to find the capacity of slab

correspond to maximum permissible deflection of Lx/250mm or 20mm
whichever is lesser as per IS:456-200 to meet serviceability requirements.
 In this present work total 55 slabs were modelled in ATENA based on
different aspect ratios (r = 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0)
and boundary conditions (Three edge discontinuous, Three edge
continuous, Parallel edge discontinuous, Parallel edge continuous and two
adjacent edge discontinuous).
 There are 11 slab models for each support condition based on aspect ratios
and there are total 5 different slab support conditions. The dimension of the
slab parallel to free edge is freeze and is taken as 5m to analyse the
practical size slabs. The slabs were designed using design aids derived
from proposed theory.
In this research work concrete and steel is used for modelling the RC slabs.

Concrete

In this research work M20 grade of as 3D nonlinear cementitious 2 material is used

for modelling the RC rectangular slabs with following properties as listed in table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Properties of Concrete

Properties Values

Compressive Strength 20 MPa

Tensile Strength 3.13 MPa

Elastic Modulus 2.236E+04 MPa

Poisson Ratio 0.15

Reinforcement Bars
In this research work Fe 415 grade of steel is used as Reinforcement material
with various bar diameter (8mm, 10mm and 12mm) were used depending on
moment field induced in slab. Following properties of reinforcement used for
modelling in ATENA were listed in table 5.3.
Table 5.3 Properties of Reinforcement Bars

Properties Value

Type Bilinear

Elastic Modulus 2.000E+05 MPa

Poison ratio 0.3

Grade of steel Fe 415 Mpa

Specific material weight 7.850E-02MN/m3

Fig. 5.1 Co-ordinates of macro element Fig. 5.2 Slab Model after assigning properties
 Based on boundary conditions and moment field induced in slab, spacing
and diameter of bars is calculate by using proposed bending moment
coefficients calculated by proposed theory.
 If the edge of the slab is continuous then moment is also induced at
supports due to which steel is also modelled at supports. The detail of
reinforcement is given in tables where x direction is parallel to free edge
and y direction is perpendicular to free edge.
 Three Side Discontinuous Slab carry load (Finishing = 2.3 KN/m2 , Live Load = 3KN/m2
and self-weight)
Fe = 415MPa, fck = 20MPa, Poisson ratio = 0.15, Lx = 5m
Steel at
Aspect Steel at Continuous
Positive Steel in x Continuous Edge Positive Steel in y
ratio, r Edge in x
in y
Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing
1 - - 10 110 - - 8 150
1.1 - - 10 100 - - 8 150
1.2 - - 10 100 - - 8 150
1.3 - - 12 150 - - 8 140
1.4 - - 12 150 - - 8 140
1.5 - - 12 140 - - 8 140
1.6 - - 12 140 - - 8 140
1.7 - - 12 130 - - 8 140
1.8 - - 12 120 - - 8 140
1.9 - - 12 120 - - 8 140
2 - - 12 120 - - 8 140
Three Side Continuous Slab carry load (Finishing = 2.3 KN/m2 , Live Load = 3KN/m2 and self-
weight)
Fe = 415MPa, fck = 20MPa, Poisson ratio = 0.15, Lx = 5m
Aspect Steel at Continuous Steel at Continuous
Positive Steel in x Positive Steel in y
ratio, r Edge in x Edge in y
Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing
1 10 140 8 170 8 130 8 210
1.1 10 130 8 160 8 120 8 210
1.2 10 130 8 150 8 120 8 210
1.3 10 130 8 140 8 120 8 210
1.4 10 120 8 130 8 110 8 210
1.5 10 120 8 130 8 110 8 210
1.6 10 120 8 120 8 110 8 210
1.7 10 120 8 120 8 110 8 210
1.8 10 110 8 110 8 100 8 210
1.9 10 110 8 110 8 100 8 210
2 10 110 8 110 8 100 8 210
Parallel Supported edge Continuous Slab carry load (Finishing = 2.3 KN/m2 , Live Load = 3KN/m2 and self-
weight)
Fe = 415MPa, fck = 20MPa, Poisson ratio = 0.15, Lx = 5m
Aspect Steel at Continuous Steel at Continuous
Positive Steel in x Positive Steel in y
ratio, r Edge in x Edge in y
Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing
1 10 110 8 110 - - 8 210
1.1 10 110 8 110 - - 8 210
1.2 10 100 8 100 - - 8 210
1.3 10 100 8 100 - - 8 210
1.4 10 100 8 100 - - 8 210
1.5 10 100 8 100 - - 8 210
1.6 10 100 8 100 - - 8 210
1.7 10 90 10 150 - - 8 210
1.8 10 90 10 150 - - 8 210
1.9 10 90 10 150 - - 8 210
2 10 90 10 140 - - 8 210

Parallel Supported edge Discontinuous Slab carry load (Finishing = 2.3 KN/m2 , Live Load = 3KN/m2 and
self-weight)
Fe = 415MPa, fck = 20MPa, Poisson ratio = 0.15, Lx = 5m
Aspect Steel at Continuous Steel at Continuous
Positive Steel in x Positive Steel in y
ratio, r Edge in x Edge in y
Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing
1 - - 8 100 10 120 8 150
1.1 - - 10 140 10 120 8 150
1.2 - - 10 130 10 110 8 150
1.3 - - 10 110 10 110 8 150
1.4 - - 10 100 10 110 8 150
1.5 - - 12 140 10 110 8 150
1.6 - - 12 130 10 110 8 150
1.7 - - 12 120 10 110 8 150
1.8 - - 12 120 10 100 8 150
1.9 - - 12 110 10 100 8 150
2 - - 12 110 10 100 8 150
 Two adjacent edge discontinuous Slab carry load (Finishing = 2.3 KN/m2 , Live Load =
3KN/m2 and self-weight)
Fe = 415MPa, fck = 20MPa, Poisson ratio = 0.15, Lx = 5m
Aspect Steel at Continuous Steel at Continuous
Positive Steel in x Positive Steel in y
ratio, r Edge in x Edge in y
Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing Bar Dia Spacing
1 12 110 10 120 - - 8 200
1.1 12 110 10 110 - - 8 200
1.2 12 110 10 110 - - 8 200
1.3 12 110 10 110 - - 8 200
1.4 12 110 10 100 - - 8 200
1.5 12 110 10 100 - - 8 200
1.6 12 110 12 140 - - 8 200
1.7 12 110 12 140 - - 8 200
1.8 12 110 12 140 - - 8 200
1.9 12 110 12 130 - - 8 200
2 12 100 12 130 - - 8 200
 Load is applied in the form of prescribed deformation. Prescribed
deformation is initially applied load in form of deflection for each load step
In case of three sided supported slab maximum deflection is at middle of
free edge so prescribed deformation is applied at middle of free edge.

Fig. 5.5 Load applied at mid span of free edge

 5.2.6 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

 Based on support conditions of the slabs, boundary conditions were

assigned to the slab model either continuous or discontinuous.

Fig. 5.6 Boundary Conditions for 3- sides continuous slab

Two monitoring points were located to check load carrying capacity of slab
corresponds to maximum permissible deflection.
 First monitor point is used to measure the deflection of the slab at base of
free edge of the slab at middle length.

 Second monitoring point is located at middle of the slab and at top surface
of the slab which is used to measure the load carrying capacity of the slab
at surface till maximum permissible deflection.
 Results obtained from numerical simulation for validation of proposed
design aids were presented in this section for different support conditions
and aspect ratios.
 Design aids prepared in this research work with the help of proposed
analytical model for different support conditions and different aspect ratios
were presented.
 In the present study non-linear response of three sides supported RC
rectangular slabs modelled as per details discussed in section 5.2 using FE
modelling is carried out under increment load applied in steps.
 To obtain the results, the displacement is monitored at the middle length of
free edge of the slab and the load is monitored at top surface of the slab to
obtain uniform area loading at maximum permissible deflection of Lx/250
(20mm) as per IS:456-2000 where Lx is span parallel to free edge and is
taken as 5m for all cases.
 Table 6.1 Validation of Design Aids with ATENA

Parallel Parallel
3-Edge 3-Edge Supported Edge Supported Edge Adjacent Edge
Discontinuous Continuous Continuous Discontinuous Discontinuous
Aspect Design Actual Design Actual Design Actual Design Actual Design Actual
ratio, r Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load Load

1 14.7 19.9 12.83 37.7 12.83 26.3 14.7 25.02 13.58 29.9
1.1 14.7 16.68 12.83 44.4 12.83 34.5 14.7 32.2 13.58 22
1.2 14.7 27.3 12.83 47.8 12.83 41.2 14.7 27.6 13.58 20.4
1.3 15.45 26.46 12.83 43.9 12.83 39.4 14.7 25.5 13.58 14.1
1.4 15.45 39.68 12.83 49.4 12.83 46.2 14.7 19.9 13.58 14.75
1.5 15.45 19.57 12.83 48.1 12.83 43.99 14.7 18.6 13.58 16.35
1.6 15.45 16.10 12.83 40.7 12.83 37.1 14.7 17.4 13.58 15.3
1.7 15.45 17.64 12.83 38.5 12.83 37 14.7 19.54 13.58 17
1.8 15.45 20.6 12.83 39.9 12.83 38.6 14.7 17.4 13.58 17.25
1.9 15.45 22.08 12.83 32.8 12.83 31.7 14.7 21.5 13.58 16.4
2 15.45 17.54 12.83 29.8 12.83 29.0 14.7 19.6 13.58 14.33
Table 6.1 shows that load carrying capacity of the slabs in KN/m2 corresponds to
permissible deflection of (Lx / 250) or 20mm at mid of free edge of slab. In all cases it is
more than that load for which slab is designed. Design load is factored load for which
slabs were designed and actual load is load carrying capacity of slab. As the design load
is less than actual load which validate that the design aids proposed in this research work
and can be used for practice by designers.
 Design aids were prepared with the help of proposed analytical model for
different aspect ratios given in table 6.2 and 6.3. In these design aids, x
direction is parallel to free edge and y direction is perpendicular to free
edge.
 From these design aids, designers can obtain moment field of the three
sides supported RC rectangular slabs carrying uniform area loading (w) at
top surface of the slab in vertical downward direction in KN/m2
 Table 6.2 Bending Moment Coefficients in x direction αx for RC
Rectangular Panels supported on three Edges
S. No. Boundary Condition and moment Aspect ratio, r
field 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0
1 Three Edge Discontinuous
Positive Moment 0.092 0.098 0.103 0.105 0.110
2 Three Edge Continuous
Positive Moment in x direction 0.027 0.029 0.031 0.032 0.034
Negative Moment at Continuous
0.057 0.060 0.063 0.066 0.069
edge
3 Parallel Edge Continuous
Positive Moment 0.034 0.035 0.036 0.037 0.038
Negative Moment at Continuous
0.069 0.071 0.073 0.075 0.077
edge
4 Parallel Edge Discontinuous
Positive Moment 0.063 0.073 0.082 0.087 0.091
Negative Moment at Continuous
- - - - -
edge
5 Two adjacent Edge Discontinuous
Positive Moment 0.054 0.056 0.057 0.058 0.059
Negative Moment at Continuous
0.102 0.103 0.104 0.105 0.106
edge

Bending moment in x direction is given by,

mx = αx
Bending moment in y direction is given by,
my = αy
 Table 6.3 Bending Moment Coefficients in y direction αy for RC
Rectangular Panels supported on three Edges

S. No. Boundary Condition and Moment Aspect ratio, r

field 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0
1 Three Edge Discontinuous
Positive Moment 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.0275 0.028
2 Three Edge Continuous
Positive Moment 0.008 0.009 0.0096 0.010 0.0105
Negative Moment at Continuous
0.036 0.039 0.041 0.043 0.045
edge
3 Parallel Edge Continuous
Positive Moment 0.013 0.013 0.0136 0.014 0.015
Negative Moment at Continuous
- - - - -
edge
4 Parallel Edge Discontinuous
Positive Moment 0.017 0.0185 0.019 0.020 0.021
Negative Moment at Continuous
0.080 0.082 0.085 0.087 0.089
edge
5 Two adjacent Edge Discontinuous
Positive Moment 0.017 0.0173 0.0176 0.018 0.018
Negative Moment at Continuous
- - - - -
edge
Following conclusions were studied in this research work:-
 Analytical model is proposed in this research work with the help of yield
line theory.

 Proposed analytical model is validated with available formulation.

 Simple design aids were proposed from which moment field of three side
supported reinforced concrete slabs can be easily calculate and are time
saving.
 These design aids are also validated using FEM software ATENA and
results are in favour.
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