1

Faculty of Sciences
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
BS(Mathematics)
Vision
To enhance mathematical aptitude, by providing comprehension knowledge of pure and applied mathematics for preparing future academicians and researchers to serve in the different
areas of mathematical, statistical, and computational sciences

Mission
In order to serve the nation while mentoring students of mathematics and providing them supportive environment that nurtures their intellectual growth; the department of Mathematics
and Statistics aims at the following goals

 To impart knowledge about the major avenues of Mathematics

 To equip students with both the technical and computing skills related to the subject and allied disciplines
 To prepare students towards collaboratively-innovate contributions for the disciple and society

Program Educational Objectives

After 4 years of graduation, the graduates of BS (Mathematics) will be able to:

1. Solve complex mathematical issues for finding solutions of the intended equations generated from complex societal and science-based situations like energy crises and economic
instability
2. Interpret the results obtained through numerical analysis of the mathematical models
3. Interact with researchers from all sorts of sciences to assist them with analytical solutions
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Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)

Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics for providing analytical solutions

Problem Analysis: An ability to identify and formulate the mathematical models. Also, able to search literature, and simulate as well as analyze complex data problems while reaching
at rational conclusions using principles of theoretical and applied mathematics.

Design/Development of Solutions: An ability to design solutions for complex problems and design systems, with appropriate consideration both theoretical and needed ones for solving
equations as raised from practical oriented societal as well as science-based problems

Investigation: An ability to investigate complex problems as a mathematician while including literature survey, design, and analysis to extract valid conclusions.

Modern Tool Usage: An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and latest mathematical softwares.

The Scientist and Society: An ability to apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional
practice and solution to analytical issues.

Environment and Sustainability: An ability to understand the impact of professional solutions for the data-oriented problem’s contexts and demonstrate knowledge to solve the problems
for assisting towards sustainable development.

Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of practice.

Individual and Teamwork: An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team, on multifaceted and /or multidisciplinary settings.

Communication: An ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in writing for disseminating results along with their interpretation.

Project Management: An ability to demonstrate management skills and apply scientific principles to one’s own work, as a member and/or leader in a team, to manage projects in a
multidisciplinary environment.

Lifelong Learning: An ability to recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in, independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
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Undergraduate Courses of Mathematics

Course Code Course Title Credit hour

MATH-301 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS 3(3-0)
MATH-302 INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS 3(3-0)
MATH-303 CALCULUS-I 4(4-0)
MATH-304 ELEMENTS OF SET THEORY AND MATHEMATICAL LOGIC 4(4-0)
MATH-305 CALCULUS-II 3(3-0)
MATH-401 GROUP THEORY 3(3-0)
MATH-402 CALCULUS-III 3(3-0)
MATH-403 AFFINE AND EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY 3(3-0)
MATH-404 LINEAR ALGEBRA 3(3-0)
MATH-405 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 4(4-0)
MATH-501 TOPOLOGY 3(3-0)
MATH-502 DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND TENSOR ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-503 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
MATH-504 REAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-505 RING THEORY 3(3-0)
MATH-506 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
MATH-507 COMPLEX ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-508 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-509 ADVANCED REAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-510 INTRODUCTION TO OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES 3(3-0)
MATH-511 INTRODUCTION TO MATRICES AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-512 MATHEMATICS FOR CHEMISTRY 3(3-0)
MATH-513 OPERATIONS RESEARCH 3(3-0)
MATH-514 MATRICES FOR STATISTICS 3(3-0)
MATH-601 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-602 GRAPH THEORY 3(3-0)
MATH-603 MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL COMPUTING 3(0-3)
MATH-604 MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS 3(3-0)
MATH-605 MATHEMATICAL METHODS 3(3-0)
MATH-606 INTEGRAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
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Minor Courses for BS Mathematics

ENG-301 COMPOSITION AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3(3-0)
ENG-303 ENGLISH-I (FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH) 2(2-0)
ENG-304 ENGLISH-II (COMMUNICATION SKILLS) 2(2-0)
ENG-306 ADVANCED EXERCISES IN COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3(3-0)
PY-303 MECHANICS 4(4-0)
PY-304 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 4(4-0)
PY-503 CLASSICAL MECHANICS 3(3-0)
PY-510 QUANTUM MECHANICS-I 3(3-0)
CS-305 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 3(2-1)
CS-308 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS 3(2-1)
STAT-301 INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS 4(4-0)
STAT-302 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY THEORY 4(4-0)
STAT-503 PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION THEORY-I 3(3-0)
STAT-504 PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION THEORY-II 3(3-0)
IS-401/ SSH-402 ISLAMIC STUDIES/ETHICS 3(3-0)
IS-402 ‫ن ق رآ ت رجمہ‬ 1(1-0)
IS-403 ‫روحان یت‬ 1(1-0)
SSH-302 PAKISTAN STUDIES 2(2-0)
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BS Mathematics New Scheme of Study

FIRST SEMESTER
COURSE CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
MATH-303 CALCULUS-I 4(4-0)
MATH-304 ELEMENTS OF SET THEORY AND MATHEMATICAL 4(4-0)
LOGIC
ENG-301 COMPOSITION AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3(3-0)
PY-303 MECHANICS 4(4-0)
CS-305 INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND 3(2-1)
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
SUB TOTAL 18

SECOND SEMESTER
COURSE CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
MATH-305 CALCULUS-II 3(3-0)
STAT-301 INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS 4(4-0)
IS-401/ SSH-402 ISLAMIC STUDIES/ETHICS 3(3-0)
ENG-303 ENGLISH-I (FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH) 2(2-0)
SSH-302 PAKISTAN STUDIES 2(2-0)
PY-304 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 4(4-0)
SUB TOTAL 18

THIRD SEMESTER
COURSE CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
MATH-401 GROUP THEORY 3(3-0)
MATH-402 CALCULUS-III 3(3-0)
MATH-403 AFFINE AND EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY 3(3-0)
PY-503 CLASSICAL MECHANICS 3(3-0)
ENG-304 ENGLISH-II (COMMUNICATION SKILLS) 2(2-0)
CS-308 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS 3(2-1)
IS-403 ‫روحان یت‬ 1(1-0)
SUB TOTAL 18
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FOURTH SEMESTER

COURSE CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS

MATH-404 LINEAR ALGEBRA 3(3-0)
MATH-405 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 4(4-0)
PY-510 QUANTUM MECHANICS-I 3(3-0)
ENG-302 ACADEMIC READING AND WRITING 3(3-0)
STAT-302 INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY THEORY 4(4-0)
IS-402 ‫ن ق رآ ت رجمہ‬ 1(1-0)
SUB TOTAL 18

FIFTH SEMESTER
COURSE CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
MATH-501 TOPOLOGY 3(3-0)
MATH-502 DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND TENSOR ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-503 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
MATH-504 REAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-505 RING THEORY 3(3-0)
STAT-503 PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION THEORY-I 3(3-0)
SUB TOTAL 18

SIXTH SEMESTER
COURSE CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
MATH-506 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
MATH-507 COMPLEX ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-508 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-509 ADVANCED REAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-513 OPERATIONS RESEARCH 3(3-0)
STAT-504 PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION THEORY-II 3(3-0)
SUB TOTAL 18
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SEVENTH SEMESTER
COURSE CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
MATH-601 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-602 GRAPH THEORY 3(3-0)
MATH-603 MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL COMPUTING 3(0-3)
MATH-604 MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS 3(3-0)
MATH-605 MATHEMATICAL METHODS 3(3-0)
MATH-606 INTEGRAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
SUB TOTAL 18

EIGHTH SEMESTER
COURSE CODE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
MATH-621 TECHNICAL REPORT/ INTERNSHIP 6(0-6)
SUB TOTAL 6

GRAND TOTAL 132

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Existing Proposed
MATH-301 Elementary Algebra 3(3-0) MATH-301 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS 3(3-0)
MATH-302 Introduction to Calculus 3(3-0) MATH-302 INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS 3(3-0)
MATH-303 Calculus-I 4(4-0) MATH-303 CALCULUS-I 4(4-0)
MATH-304 Elements of Set Theory and Mathematical Logic 3(3-0) MATH-304 ELEMENTS OF SET THEORY AND MATHEMATICAL LOGIC 4(4-0)
MATH-305 Calculus-II 3(3-0) MATH-305 CALCULUS-II 3(3-0)
MATH-401 Group Theory 3(3-0) MATH-401 GROUP THEORY 3(3-0)
MATH-402 Calculus-III 3(3-0) MATH-402 CALCULUS-III 3(3-0)
MATH-403 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3-0) MATH-403 AFFINE AND EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY 3(3-0)
MATH-404 Linear Algebra 4(4-0) MATH-404 LINEAR ALGEBRA 3(3-0)
MATH-405 Discrete Mathematics 3(3-0) MATH-405 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 4(4-0)
MATH-501 Topology 3(3-0) MATH-501 TOPOLOGY 3(3-0)
MATH-502 Differential Geometry and Tensor Analysis 3(3-0) MATH-502 DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND TENSOR ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-503 Ordinary Differential Equations 3(3-0) MATH-503 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
MATH-504 Real Analysis 3(3-0) MATH-504 REAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-505 Ring Theory 3(3-0) MATH-505 RING THEORY 3(3-0)
MATH-506 Partial Differential Equations 3(3-0) MATH-506 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
MATH-507 Complex Analysis 3(3-0) MATH-507 COMPLEX ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-508 Functional Analysis 3(3-0) MATH-508 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-509 Advanced Real Analysis 3(3-0) MATH-509 ADVANCED REAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-510 Introduction to Optimization Techniques 3(3-0) MATH-510 INTRODUCTION TO OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES 3(3-0)
MATH-511 Introduction to Matrices and Numerical Analysis 3(3-0) MATH-511 INTRODUCTION TO MATRICES AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-512 Mathematics for Chemistry 3(3-0) MATH-512 MATHEMATICS FOR CHEMISTRY 3(3-0)
MATH-513 Operations Research 3(3-0) MATH-513 OPERATIONS RESEARCH 3(3-0)
MATH-515 Matrices for Statistics 3(3-0) MATH-514 MATRICES FOR STATISTICS 3(3-0)
MATH-601 Numerical Analysis 3(3-0) MATH-601 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
MATH-602 Number Theory 3(3-0) MATH-602 GRAPH THEORY 3(3-0)
MATH-603 Measure Theory and Lebesgue Integration 3(3-0) MATH-603 MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL COMPUTING 3(0-3)
MATH-604 Mathematical Physics 3(3-0) MATH-604 MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS 3(3-0)
MATH-605 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0) MATH-605 MATHEMATICAL METHODS 3(3-0)
MATH-606 Integral Equations 3(3-0) MATH-606 INTEGRAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
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Detailed Course Contents

Existing Proposed
MATH-301 Elementary Algebra 3(3-0) MATH-301 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS 3(3-0)

Theory Course Learning Outcomes

Preliminaries: Real-number system, complex numbers, introduction to sets, set operations,
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
functions, types of functions; Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types, matrix inverse, 1. Describe the basics of sets and number systems.
determinants, solution of system of linear equations, Cramer's rule, row operations, rank, Gauss
2. Demonstrate matrices and determinants.
Elimination method; Quadratic Equations: Solution of quadratic equations, qualitative analysis
3. Find solutions of polynomials.
of roots of a quadratic equation, equations reducible to quadratic equations, cube roots of unity,
4. Describe about the basics of trigonometry.
relation between roots and coefficients of quadratic equations, finding roots of other polynomial
Theory
equations, Synthetic division; Sequences and Series: Arithmetic progression, geometric
Preliminaries: Real-number system; Complex numbers; Introduction to sets; Set operations;
progression, harmonic progression, mean, nth term, sum of terms; Binomial Theorem: Functions; Types of functions; Matrices; Introduction to matrices; Types matrix inverse;
Introduction to mathematical induction, binomial theorem with rational and irrational indices;
Determinants; Solution of system of linear equations; Cramer's rule; Row operations; Rank; Gauss
Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry, trigonometric identities, application of Elimination method; Quadratic Equations; Solution of quadratic equations; Qualitative analysis of
trigonometry in finding width and height. roots of a quadratic equation; Equations reducible to quadratic equations; Cube roots of unity;
Relation between roots and coefficients of quadratic equations; Finding roots of other polynomial
Suggested Readings equations; Synthetic division; Sequences and Series; Arithmetic progression; Geometric
1. Axler, S.J. 2012. Algebra and Trigonometry. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. progression; Harmonic progression, Mean; nth term, Sum of terms; Binomial Theorem;
2. Barnett, R.A. 2010. College Algebra with Trigonometry. McGraw-Hill, New York, Introduction to mathematical induction; Binomial theorem with rational and irrational indices;
USA. Trigonometry; Fundamentals of trigonometry; Trigonometric identities; Application of
3. Young, C.Y. 2007. Algebra and Trigonometry. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. trigonometry in finding width and height.
4. Zill, D.G. and J.M. Dewar. 2011. Algebra and Trigonometry. Jones & Bartlett
Publishers, Burlington, USA. Suggested Readings
1. Behnke, H. and G. Pickert. 2019. Foundations of Mathematics the Real Number System
and Algebra. The MIT Press, Cambridge, England.
2. Felix, K. 2019. Elementary Mathematics from a Higher Standpoint. Springer, USA.
3. Howard, A. and C. Rorres. 2019. Elementary Linear Algebra. Wiley PLUS, USA.
4. John, B. 2020. Higher Engineering Mathematics. 8th Edition, Elsevier, China.

MATH-302 INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS 3(3-0)

MATH-302 Introduction to Calculus 3(3-0) Course Learning Outcomes

By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Theory 1. Describe limits and continuity of functions.
Preliminaries: Real-number line, functions and their graphs, solution of equations involving 2. Demonstrate about derivatives and its applications.
absolute values, inequalities; Limits and Continuity: Limit of a function, left-hand and right- 3. Evaluate definite and indefinite integrals.
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hand limits, continuity, continuous functions; Derivatives and their Applications: Differentiable 4. Apply integrals in finding areas and volumes.
functions, differentiation of polynomial, rational and transcendental functions, introduction to Theory
differential equations, Newton's law of cooling, mixing problems, mathematical modeling, Preliminaries: Real-number line, Functions and their graphs; Solution of equations involving
differentials, other application of decentration; Partial fraction: Division algorithm, techniques absolute values; Inequalities; Limits and Continuity; Limit of a function; left-hand and right-hand
of partial fractions, linear, quadratic, repeated and non-repeated factors in the denominator; limits; Continuity, Continuous functions; Derivatives and their Applications; Differentiable
Integration and Definite Integrals: Techniques of evaluating indefinite integrals, integration by functions; Differentiation of polynomial; Rational and transcendental functions; Introduction to
substitution, integration by parts, change of variables in indefinite integrals, finding areas and differential equations; Newton's law of cooling; mixing problems; Mathematical modeling;
volumes. Differentials; Other application of decentration; Partial fraction: Division algorithm; Techniques
of partial fractions; Linear; quadratic; Repeated and non-repeated factors in the denominator;
Suggested Readings Integration and Definite Integrals; Techniques of evaluating indefinite integrals; Integration by
1. Anton, H., I. Bivens and S. Davis, 2002. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. substitution, integration by parts; Change of variables in indefinite integrals; Finding areas and
2. Blank, B.E. and S.G. Krantz. 2006. Calculus: Single Variable. Springer, New York, volumes.
USA.
3. Bohner, M. and S.G. Georgiev. 2016. Multivariable Dynamic Calculus on Time Scales. Suggested Readings
Springer, New York, USA. 1. George, B. Thomas and L. Ross. 2020. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Springer, New
4. Larson, R. and B.H. Edwards. 2013. Calculus of a Single Variable. Cengage Learning, York, USA.
Boston, USA. 2. Kreyszig, E. 2020. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Springer, New York, USA.
3. Sudhir, R., Ghorada and V. Balmohan. 2020. A Course in Calculus and Real Analysis. 4th
Edition. Springer, USA.
4. Thomas, G.B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2021. Thomas' Calculus Addison-
Wesley, Boston, USA.

MATH-303 Calculus-I 4(4-0) MATH-303 CALCULUS-I 4(4-0)

Course Learning Outcomes
Theory By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Preliminaries: Real numbers and the real line, Functions and their graphs, Shifting and scaling 1. Solve inequalities and equations involving absolute values.
graphs, Solution of equations involving absolute values, Inequalities, Complex numbers system, 2. Describe some theorems of differentiable functions.
Polar form of complex numbers, De Moivre's theorem, Circular function, Hyperbolic functions 3. Demonstrate different techniques to solve integrals.
and Logarithmic functions; Limit and Continuity: Limit of a function, Left/right hand limits, 4. Describe Gamma and Beta functions.
Theorems of limits continuity and Continuous functions; Derivatives and its Applications: Theory
Differentiable functions, Differentiation of polynomial, Rational and transcendental functions, Preliminaries: Real numbers and the real line; Functions and their graphs; Shifting and scaling
Mean value theorems and applications, Higher derivatives, Leibniz's theorem, L'Hospital Rule, graphs; Solution of equations involving absolute values; Inequalities; Limit and Continuity: Limit
Intermediate value theorem, Rolle's theorem, Taylor's and Maclaurin's theorem with their of a function, left/right hand limits, theorems of limits continuity and continuous functions;
remainders; Integration and Definite Integrals: Techniques of evaluating indefinite integrals, Derivatives and its applications: Differentiable functions; Differentiation of polynomial; Rational
Integration by substitutions, Integration by parts, Change of variable in indefinite integrals, and transcendental functions; Mean value theorems and applications; Higher derivatives; Leibniz's
Definite integrals, Fundamental theorem of calculus, Reduction formulas for algebraic and theorem; L'Hospital Rule; Intermediate value theorem; Rolle's theorem; Taylor's and Maclaurin's
trigonometric integrands, Improper integrals, Gamma and Beta functions. theorem with their remainders; Integration and definite integrals; Techniques of evaluating
indefinite integrals: Integration by substitutions; Integration by parts; Change of variable in
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indefinite integrals; Definite integrals; Fundamental theorem of calculus; Reduction formulas for
Suggested Readings algebraic and trigonometric integrands.
1. Anton, H., I. Bivens and S. Davis. 2002. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
2. Blank, B.E. and S.G. Krantz. 2006. Calculus: Single Variable. Springer, New York,
USA. Suggested Readings
3. Bohner, M. and S.G. Georgiev. 2016. Multivariable Dynamic Calculus on Time Scales, 1. Anton, H., I. Bivens and S. Davis. 2021. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
Springer, New York, USA. 2. Blank, B.E. and S.G. Krantz. 2006. Calculus: Single Variable. Springer, New York, USA.
4. Hughes-Hallett, D. and A.M. Gleason. 2005. Calculus: Single and Multivariable. John 3. Bohner, M. and S.G. Georgiev. 2016. Multivariable Dynamic Calculus on Time Scales,
Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. Springer, New York, USA.
5. Larson, R. and B.H. Edwards. 2013. Calculus of a Single Variable. Cengage Learning, 4. Larson, R. and B.H. Edwards. 2013. Calculus of a Single Variable. Cengage Learning,
Boston, USA. Boston, USA.
6. Thomas, G.B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2005. Thomas' Calculus 5. Toeplitz, O. 2018. The calculus. In The Calculus. University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
Addison-Wesley, Boston, USA. USA.
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MATH-304 Elements of Set Theory and Mathematical Logic 3(3-0) MATH-304 ELEMENTS OF SET THEORY AND MATHEMATICAL LOGIC 4(4-
0)
Theory Course Learning Outcomes
Preliminaries: Set theory: Sets, subsets, operations with sets: union, intersection, difference, By the end of this course, students will be able to:
symmetric difference, Cartesian product and disjoint union; Functions: graph of a function; 1. Describe the concepts of sets and operations on sets.
Composition; injections, surjections, bijections, inverse function; Computing cardinals: 2. Learn about functions and its graphs.
Cardinality of Cartesian product, union; Cardinality of all functions from a set to another set; 3. Find order relations and ordered sets.
Cardinality of all injective, surjective and bijective functions from a set to another set; Infinite 4. Describe Zorn’s Lemma and Mathematical logics.
sets, finite sets; Countable sets, properties, examples (Z;Q); R is not countable; R, R_R, R_R_R
have the same cardinal; Operations with cardinal numbers; Cantor-Bernstein theorem; Theory
Relations: Equivalence relations, partitions, quotient set; examples, parallelism, similarity of Preliminaries: Set theory: Sets, subsets, operations with sets: Union, intersection, difference,
triangles; Order relations, min, max, inf, sup; linear order; Examples: N;Z;R; P(A); Well ordered symmetric difference, cartesian product and disjoint union; Functions: Graph of a function;
sets and induction; Inductively ordered sets and Zorn's lemma; Mathematical logic: Composition; Injections, surjections, bijections, inverse function; Computing cardinals:
Propositional Calculus; Truth tables; Predicate Calculus. Cardinality of cartesian product, union; Cardinality of all functions from a set to another set;
Suggested Readings Cardinality of all injective, surjective and bijective functions from a set to another set; Infinite sets,
1. Biggs, N.L. 2002. Discrete Mathematics. Oxford University Press, London, UK. finite sets, countable sets, properties, examples  Z ; Q  ; R is not countable; R , R  R ,
2. Garnier, R and J. Taylor. 2010. Discrete Mathematics. CRC Press, New York, USA.
3. Liebeck, M. 2016. A Concise Introduction to Pure Mathematics. CRC Press, New York,
R  R  R have the same cardinal; Operations with cardinal numbers; Cantor-Bernstein theorem;
Relations: Equivalence relations, partitions, quotient set; examples, parallelism, similarity of
USA.
4. Rotman, B. and G.T. Kneebone. 1968. The Theory of Sets and Transfinite Numbers. triangles; Order relations, min, max, inf, sup; linear order; Examples: N ; Z ; R ; P  A ; Well-
Oldbourne, London, UK. ordered sets and induction; Inductively ordered sets and Zorn's lemma; Mathematical logic:
5. Smith, D., M. Eggen and R.S. Andre. 2001. A Transition to Advanced Mathematics. Propositional Calculus; Truth tables; Predicate calculus.
Brooks/Cole, California, USA. Suggested Readings
6. Suppes, P. 1972. Axiomatic Set Theory. Dover, New York, USA. 1. Byer, O.D., D.L. Smeltzer and K.L. Wantz. 2018. Journey into Discrete Mathematics.
American Mathematical Soc., Providence, Rhode Island.
2. Epp, S.S. 2018. Discrete Mathematics with Applications. Cengage Learning, Boston, MA.
3. Garnier, R and J. Taylor. 2010. Discrete Mathematics. CRC Press, New York, USA.
4. Loehr, N.A. 2017. Combinatorics: Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications. Chapman
and Hall/CRC, New York, USA
5. Liebeck, M. 2016. A Concise Introduction to Pure Mathematics. CRC Press, New York,
USA.

MATH-305 Calculus-II 3(3-0)

MATH-305 CALCULUS-II 3(3-0)
Theory
Course Learning Outcomes
 13

Preliminaries: Sequence and Series: Sequences, Infinite series, Convergence of sequence and
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
series, The integral test, Comparison tests, Ratio test, Root test, Alternative series, Absolute and
1. Describe the concepts of sets and operations on sets.
conditional convergence Power series, Interval and Radius of convergence; Functions of Several2. Learn about functions and its graphs.
Variables: Functions of two variables, Graphs of functions of two variables, Contour diagrams,3. Find order relations and ordered sets.
Linear functions, Functions of three variables, Limit and continuity of a function of two 4. Describe Zorn’s Lemma and Mathematical logics.
variables, The partial derivative, Computing partial derivatives algebraically, The second-order
Theory
partial derivative, Local linearity and the differential, Tangent planes and normal lines,Preliminaries: Sequence and Series; Sequences; Infinite series; Convergence of sequence and
Optimization, Maxima and minima of a function of two variables Lagrange multipliers, Various
series; The integral test; Comparison tests; Ratio test; Root test; Alternative series; Absolute and
methods for finding area/volume conditional convergence Power series; Interval and Radius of convergence; Functions of Several
and Surface of revolution; Multiple Integrals: Double integral in rectangular and polar form,
Variables; Functions of two variables; Graphs of functions of two variables; Contour diagrams;
Triple integral in rectangular, Cylindrical and spherical coordinates, Substitutions in multiple
Linear functions; Functions of three variables; Limit and continuity of a function of two variables;
integrals, Moments and Centre of mass. The partial derivative; Computing partial derivatives algebraically; The second-order partial
derivative; Local linearity and the differential; Tangent planes and normal lines; Optimization;
Suggested Readings Maxima and minima of a function of two variables Lagrange multipliers; Various methods for
1. Anton, H., I. Bivens and S. Davis. 2002. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. finding area/volume and surface of revolution; Multiple Integrals; Double integral in rectangular
2. Blank, B.E. and S.G. Krantz. 2006. Calculus: Single Variable. Springer, New York, and polar form, Triple integral in rectangular; Cylindrical and spherical coordinates; Substitutions
USA. in multiple integrals; Moments and centre of mass.
3. Bohner, M. and S.G. Georgiev. 2016. Multivariable Dynamic Calculus on Time Scales,
Springer, New York, USA. Suggested Readings
4. Hughes-Hallett, D. and A.M. Gleason. 2005. Calculus: Single and Multivariable. John 1. George, B. Thomas and L. Ross. 2020. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Springer, New
Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. York, USA.
5. Larson, R. and B.H. Edwards. 2013. Calculus of a Single Variable. Cengage Learning, 2. Kreyszig, E.. 2020. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Springer, New York, USA.
Boston, USA. 3. Larson, R. and B.H. Edwards. 2019. Calculus of a Single Variable. Cengage Learning,
6. Thomas, G.B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2005. Thomas' Calculus. Boston, USA.
Addison-Wesley, Boston, USA. 4. Sudhir, R., Ghorada and V. Balmohan. 2020. A Course in Calculus and Real Analysis. 4th
Edition. Springer, USA.
5. Thomas, G.B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2021. Thomas' Calculus Addison-
Wesley, Boston, USA.

MATH-401 GROUP THEORY 3(3-0)

Course Learning Outcomes
MATH-401 Group Theory 3(3-0)
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Introduce group and its properties.
Theory
2. Learn about homomorphism and isomorphism.
Preliminaries: Groups: Definition of a group, subgroup, criterion of subgroup, subgroup
3. Find order relations and ordered sets.
generated by a set; The cyclic groups, cosets and Lagrange's theorem; Normalizer centralizer;
4. Describe Zorn’s Lemma and Mathematical logics.
 14

The center of a group; Equivalence relation in a group, conjugacy classes; Normal subgroups,
Theory
quotient group; Group homomorphisms: Homomorphisms and isomorphism and Preliminaries: Groups; Definition of a group; Subgroup; Criterion of subgroup; Subgroup
Automorphism; Kernel and image of homomorphism; Isomorphism theorems; Permutation generated by a set; The cyclic groups; cosets and Lagrange's theorem; Normalizer centralizer; The
groups; The cyclic decomposition of a permutation group; Cayley's theorem; Direct product of
center of a group; Equivalence relation in a group; Conjugacy classes; Normal subgroups; quotient
two groups and examples. group; Group homomorphisms; Homomorphisms and isomorphism and Automorphism; Kernel
and image of homomorphism; Isomorphism theorems; Permutation groups; The cyclic
Suggested Readings decomposition of a permutation group; Cayley's theorem; Direct product of two groups and
1. Bhattacharya, P.B., S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul. 1986. Basic Abstract Algebra. examples.
Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
2. Cohn, P.M. 1974. Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. Suggested Readings
3. Dummit, D.S. and R.M. Foote. 2004. Abstract Algebra. 3rd Ed., Addison-Wesley, 1. Ghorpade, S.R., and B.V. Limaye. 2019. A Course in Calculus and Real Analysis.
Boston, USA. Springer, New York, USA.
4. Fraleigh, J.B. 2015. A First Course in Abstract Algebra. Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2. George, B. Thomas and L. Ross. 2020. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Springer, New
USA. York, USA.
3. Kreyszig, E.. 2020. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Springer, New York, USA.
4. Thomas, G.B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2021. Thomas' Calculus. Addison-
MATH-402 Calculus-III 4(4-0) Wesley, Boston, USA.
Theory
Preliminaries: Vectors and analytic geometry in space: Coordinate system; Rectangular,
cylindrical and spherical coordinates; The dot product, the cross product; Equations of lines and
planes; Quadric surfaces; Vector-valued functions: Vector-valued functions and space curves;
Derivatives and integrals of vector valued functions; Arc length; Curvature, normal and MATH-402 CALCULUS-III 3(3-0)
binormal vectors; Multivariable functions and partial derivatives: Functions of several variables;
Limits and Continuity; Partial derivatives, Composition and chain rule; Directional derivatives Course Learning Outcomes
and the gradient vector; Implicit function theorem for several variables; Maximum and By the end of this course, students will be able to:
minimum values; Optimization problems; Lagrange Multipliers; Multiple integrals: Double 1. Describe the concepts of vectors and analytic geometry in space.
integrals over rectangular domains and iterated integrals; Non-rectangular domains; Double 2. Demonstrate about differentiation and integration of vector valued functions.
integrals in polar coordinates; Triple integrals in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical 3. Apply differentiation and integration in 3-space.
coordinates; Applications of double and triple integrals; Change of variables in multiple 4. Learn basics of vector calculus.
integrals; Vector calculus: Vector fields; Line integrals; Green's theorem; Curl and divergence; Theory
Surface integrals over scalar and vector fields; Divergence theorem. Stokes' theorem. Preliminaries: Vectors and analytic geometry in space; Coordinate system; Rectangular;
Cylindrical and spherical coordinates; The dot product; The cross product; Equations of lines and
Suggested Readings planes; Quadric surfaces; Vector-valued functions; Vector-valued functions and space curves;
1. Anton, H. I. Bevens and S. Davis. 2005. Calculus. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. Derivatives and integrals of vector valued functions; Arc length; Curvature, normal and binormal
2. Kaseberg, A. 2004. Intermediate Algebra. Thomson Brooks/Cole, California, USA. vectors; Multivariable functions and partial derivatives; Functions of several variables; Limits and
Continuity; Partial derivatives, Composition and chain rule; Directional derivatives and the
3. Liebeck, M. 2015. A Concise introduction to pure Mathematics. CRC Press, New York, USA.
gradient vector; Implicit function theorem for several variables; Maximum and minimum values;
4. Stewart, J. 2008. Calculus Early Transcendentals. 7th Ed., Brooks/Cole, California, USA.
Optimization problems; Lagrange Multipliers; Multiple integrals; Double integrals over
 15

5. Swokowski, E.W. 1983. Calculus with Analytic Geometry. PWS Publishers, Boston, USA. rectangular domains and iterated integrals; Non-rectangular domains; Double integrals in polar
6. Thomas, G. B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2005. Thomas' Calculus. Addison-Wesley,Boston, coordinates; Triple integrals in rectangular; Cylindrical and spherical coordinates; Applications of
USA. double and triple integrals; Change of variables in multiple integrals.

Suggested Readings
1. George, B. and L. Ross. 2020. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Springer, New York,
USA.
2. Ghorpade, S.R., and B.V. Limaye. 2019. A Course in Calculus and Real Analysis.
Springer, New York, USA.
3. Kreyszig, E. 2020. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Springer, New York, USA.
4. Thomas, G.B., M.D. Weir, J. Hass and F.R. Giordano. 2021. Thomas' Calculus Addison-
Wesley, Boston, USA.

MATH-403 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 4(4-0)

MATH-403 AFFINE AND EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY 3(3-0)
Theory
Preliminaries: Vector spaces and affine geometry: Collinearity of three points, ratio AB/BC; Course Learning Outcomes
Linear combinations and linear dependent set versus affine combinations and affine dependent By the end of this course, students will be able to:
sets; Classical theorems in affine geometry: Thales, Menelaus, Ceva, Desargues; Affine 1. Describe the concepts of vector space and affine geometry.
subspaces, affine maps; Dimension of a linear subspace and of an affine subspace; Euclidean 2. Learn about norms of vectors and its properties.
geometry: Scalar product, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality: norm of a vector, distance between two 3. Know about orthogonal transformations.
points, angles between two non-zero vectors; Pythagoras theorem, parallelogram law, cosine 4. Find some applications of Euclidean Geometry.
and sine rules; Elementary geometric loci; Orthogonal transformations: Isometries of plane (four
Theory
types), Isometries of space (six types); Orthogonal bases; Platonic polyhedra: Euler theorem on
Preliminaries: Vector spaces and affine geometry; Collinearity of three points; Ratio AB/BC;
finite planar graphs; Classification of regular polyhedra in space; Isometries of regular polygons
and regular polyhedra. Linear combinations and linear dependent set versus; Affine combinations and affine dependent
sets; Classical theorems in affine geometry; Thales; Menelaus; Ceva; Desargues; Affine subspaces,
Suggested Readings Affine maps; Dimension of a linear subspace and of an affine subspace; Euclidean geometry;
1. Armstrong, M.A. 1998. Groups and Symmetry. Springer, New York, USA. Scalar product; Cauchy-Schwartz inequality; Norm of a vector; Distance between two points;
2. Eves, H. 1992. Fundamentals of Modern Elementary Geometry. Jones & Bartlett Angles between two non-zero vectors; Pythagoras theorem; Parallelogram law; Cosine and sine
rules; Elementary geometric loci; Orthogonal transformations; Isometries of plane (four types);
Publishers, Burlington, USA.
Isometries of space (six types); Orthogonal bases; Platonic polyhedra; Euler theorem on finite
3. Rees, E. 2016. Notes on Geometry. Springer, New York, USA. planar graphs; Classification of regular polyhedra in space; Isometries of regular polygons and
4. Stahl, S. 1993. The Poincare Half-Plane: A Gateway to Modern Geometry. Jones & regular polyhedra.
Bartlett Publishers, Burlington, USA.
Suggested Readings
 16

MATH-404 Linear Algebra 4(4-0) 1. Bennett, M. K. 2019. Affine and Projective Geometry. John Wiley and Sons, USA
2. Michael, E.T. 2020. Differential Geometry. Springer, New York, USA.
Theory 3. Nomizu, K., and T. Sasak. 2020. Affine Differential Geometry. Cambridge university
Preliminaries: Matrices, Determinants and System of Linear Equations: Definition of matrix; press, Cambridge, England.
various types of matrices, Algebra of matrices, Determinant of square matrix, cofactors and 4. Wilson, P.H. 2021. Curved Spaces. Cambridge university press, Cambridge, England.
minors, Laplace expansion of determinants, Elementary matrices, Adjoint and inverses of
matrices, Rank of a matrix, Introduction to systems of linear equations, Cramer's rule, Gaussian
elimination method, Gauss Jordan method, Solution of homogenous/non-homogenous system MATH-404 LINEAR ALGEBRA 3(3-0)
of linear equations and Net work problems; Vector Spaces: Real vector spaces, Subspaces,
Linear combination and spanning set, Linear independence and linear dependence, Basis and Course Learning Outcomes
dimension, Row space, Column space and Null space; Linear Transformations: Introduction to By the end of this course, students will be able to:
linear transformation, Matrices of linear transformations Rank and nullity, Eigen values, Eigen 1. Describe the concepts of matrices and determinants.
vectors, Diagonalization, Orthogonal diagonalization, Orthogonal matrices and Similar 2. Solve system of linear equations.
matrices. 3. Know about linear transformation and eigen values.
4. Apply linear system to everyday life.
Suggested Readings
1. Anton, H. 2010. Elementary Linear Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. Theory
2. Greub, W.H. 2012. Linear Algebra. Springer, New York, USA. Preliminaries: Matrices, Determinants and System of Linear Equations: Definition of matrix;
3. Hogben, L. 2006. Handbook of Linear Algebra. CRC Press, New York, UK. various types of matrices, Algebra of matrices, Determinant of square matrix, cofactors and
4. Hubbard, J.H. and B.B. Hubbard. 2015. Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra, and minors, Laplace expansion of determinants, Elementary matrices, Adjoint and inverses of matrices,
Differential Forms. Prentice-Hall, NJ, USA. Rank of a matrix, Introduction to systems of linear equations, Cramer's rule, Gaussian elimination
5. Wilkinson, J.H., F.L. Bauer and C. Reinsch. 2013. Linear Algebra. Springer, New York, method, Gauss Jordan method, Solution of homogenous/non-homogenous system of linear
equations and Network problems; Vector Spaces: Real vector spaces, Subspaces, Linear
USA.
combination and spanning set, Linear independence and linear dependence, Basis and dimension,
Row space, Column space and Null space; Linear Transformations: Introduction to linear
MATH-405 Discrete Mathematics 3(3-0) transformation, Matrices of linear transformations Rank and nullity, Eigen values, Eigen vectors,
Diagonalization.
Theory Suggested Readings
Preliminaries: Function and Sequences: Introduction to sets, Functions, Inverses of function, 1. Anton, H. 2019. Elementary Linear Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
Sequences and Big-Oh notation; Elementary Logic: Introduction to elementary logic, 2. Greub, W.H. 2018. Linear Algebra. Springer, New York, USA.
Propositional calculus and Methods of proof; Induction and Recursion: Loop invariance, 3. Hogben, L. 2016. Handbook of Linear Algebra. CRC Press, New York, UK.
Mathematical induction, Recursive definition and Recurrence relations; Relations: Introduction 4. Hubbard, J.H. and B.B. Hubbard. 2015. Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra, and Differential
of relation, Equivalence relations and partitions of sets, Partially ordered sets, Special orderings Forms. Prentice-Hall, NJ, USA.
and Properties of general relations; Principles of Counting: Pigeon rule, The sum rule, Inclusion 5. Wilkinson, J.H., F.L. Bauer and C. Reinsch. 2013. Linear Algebra. Springer, New York,
exclusion principle, The product rule and Binomial methods. USA.

Suggested Readings
 17

1. Biswal, P.C. 2015. Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., MATH-405 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 4(4-0)
New Delhi, India. Course Learning Outcomes
2. Epp, S.S. 2010. Discrete Mathematics with Applications. Cengage Learning, Boston, By the end of this course, students will be able to:
USA. 1. Describe the concepts of functions and sequences.
3. Pemmaraju, S. and S. Skiena. 2003. Computational Discrete Mathematics: 2. Learn about mathematical logics, induction, and recursion.
Combinatorics and Graph Theory with Mathematica. Cambridge University Press, 3. Know about principle of counting.
4. Find some applications of pigeon rule and binomial methods.
London, UK.
Theory
4. Schmidt, G. and T. Strohlein. 2012. Relations and Graphs: Discrete Mathematics for
Preliminaries: Function and Sequences: Introduction to sets; Functions, Inverses of function;
Computer Scientists. Springer, New York, USA. Sequences and Big-Oh notation; Elementary Logic: Introduction to elementary logic;
Propositional calculus and Methods of proof; Induction and Recursion: Loop invariance;
Mathematical induction; Recursive definition and Recurrence relations; Relations: Introduction of
MATH-501 Topology 3(3-0)
relation, Equivalence relations and partitions of sets; Partially ordered sets; Special orderings and
Properties of general relations; Principles of Counting: Pigeon rule; The sum rule; Inclusion
Theory
Preliminaries: Topological spaces: Examples; open and closed subsets, metric spaces, exclusion principle; The product rule and Binomial methods.
neighborhoods; Examples; Limit points and accumulation points; Interior, closure, dense
subsets; Constructing new topological spaces: Cartesian products, induced topology and Suggested Readings
quotient topology; Continuous maps, open and closed maps, homeomorphisms; Examples: R, 1. Biswal, P.C. 2018. Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New
R_R, S1, S2, torus, cylinder; Cauchy sequences, complete metric spaces; Separation axioms; Delhi, India.
Compact spaces; Properties; Power of Compactness; Image of a compact set through a 2. Chandrasekaran, N., and M. Umaparvathi. 2022. Discrete Mathematics. PHI Learning Pvt.
continuous map; Compactness and completeness of metric spaces; Connected spaces, connected Ltd., New Delhi, India.
components; Properties; Image of a connected set through a continuous map; Path- 3. Epp, S.S. 2019. Discrete Mathematics with Applications. Cengage Learning, Boston,
connectedness. USA.
Suggested Readings 4. O'Regan, G. 2021. Guide to Discrete Mathematics. Springer International Publishing, New
1. Hocking, J. and G. Young. 1961. Topology. Dover, New York, USA. York, USA.
2. Janich, K. 1994. Topology. Springer, New York, USA. 5. Schmidt, G. and T. Strohlein. 2012. Relations and Graphs: Discrete Mathematics for
3. Kelly, J. 2015. General Topology. Springer, New York, USA. Computer Scientists. Springer, New York, USA.
4. Lipschutz, S. 2004. General Topology. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
5. Munkres, J.R. 2003. Topology: A First Course. Prentice Hall, NJ, USA.
6. Simmons, G. 1963. Topology and Modern Analysis. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.

MATH-502 Differential Geometry and Tensor Analysis 3(3-0) MATH-501 TOPOLOGY 3(3-0)

Theory Course Learning Outcomes

Preliminaries: Theory of Space Curves: Introduction, index notation and summation convention; By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Space curves, arc length, tangent, normal and binormal; Osculating, normal and rectifying 1. Describe the concept of topological spaces and metric spaces.
2. Define the properties of topological spaces and metric spaces.
 18

planes; Curvature and torsion; The Frenet Serret theorem; Natural equation of a curve; Involutes 3. Classify the Different types of maps in topological Spaces.
and evolutes, helices; Fundamental existence theorem 4. Explore different Spaces in topological Spaces.
of space curves; Theory of Surfaces: Coordinate transformation; Tangent plane and surface
normal; The first fundamental form and the metric tensor; The second fundamental form; Theory
Principal, Gaussian, mean, geodesic and normal curvatures; Gauss and Weingarten equations; Preliminaries: Topological spaces; Examples; Open and closed subsets; Metric spaces;
Gauss and Codazzi equations; Tensor Analysis: Einstein summation convention; Tensors of Neighborhoods; Examples; Limit points and accumulation points; Interior; Closure, Dense
different ranks; Contravariant, covariant and mixed tensors; Addition, subtraction, inner and Subsets; Constructing new topological spaces; Cartesian products; Induced topology and quotient
outer products of tensors; Contraction theorem, quotient law; The line element and metric tensor; topology; Continuous maps; Open and closed maps; Homeomorphisms; Examples: R ; R  R ;
Christofiel symbols. S1  S2 ; Torus; Cylinder; Cauchy sequences; Complete metric Spaces; Separation axioms;
Suggested Readings
Compact spaces; Properties; Power of compactness; Image of a compact set through a continuous
1. Chorlton, F. 1997. Vector and Tensor Methods. Ellis Horwood Publisher, New York, map; Compactness and completeness of metric spaces; Connected spaces; connected components;
Properties; Image of a connected set through a continuous map; Path-connectedness.
USA.
2. Kreyzig, K. 1991. Differential Geometry. Dover, New York, USA. Suggested Readings
3. Lipschutz, M.M. 1969. Schaum's Outline of Differential Geometry. McGraw-Hill, New 1. Grandis, M. 2021. Algebraic Topology: A Structural Introduction. World Scientific,
York, USA. Singapore.
4. Somasundaram, D. 2015. Differential Geometry. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2. Hocking, J. and G. Young. 1961. Topology. Dover, New York, USA.
India. 3. Kelly, J. 2019. General Topology. Springer, New York, USA.
5. Spiegel, M.R. 1981. Vector Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 4. Lipschutz, S. 2020. General Topology. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
5. Richmond, T. 2020. General topology. In General Topology. De Gruyter, Berlin,
MATH-503 Ordinary Differential Equations 3(3-0) Germany.

Theory MATH-502 DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND TENSOR ANALYSIS 3(3-

Preliminaries: Introduction to Differential Equations: Historical background and motivation,
0)
Basic mathematical models, Directional fields and Classification of differential equations; First
Order Differential Equations: Separable equations, Modeling with first order equations,
Course Learning Outcomes
Differences between linear and nonlinear equations, Exact equations and Integrating factors; By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Second Order Differential Equations: Homogenous equations, Homogenous equations with 1. Explore Theory of space curve and its properties.
constant coefficients, Fundamental solutions of linear homogeneous equations, Linear 2. Apply the fundamental existence theorem of space curves.
independence, the Wronskian, Method of undetermined coefficients and Variation of 3. Describe the Theory of Surfaces and its properties.
parameters; Higher Order Linear Equations: 4. Study the tensor analysis and its properties.
General theory of nth order linear equations, Homogenous equations with constant coefficients,
The methods of undetermined coefficients and the Method of variation of parameters; Series
Theory
Solution of Second Order Linear Equations and Special Functions: Series solution near an Preliminaries: Theory of space curves; Introduction; Index notation and summation convention;
ordinary point, Legendre's equation, Regular singular points and Series solution about a regular Space curves; Arc length; Tangent, Normal and binormal; Osculating; Normal and rectifying
singular point. planes; Curvature and torsion; The Frenet Serret theorem; Natural equation of a curve; Involutes
and evolutes; Helices; Fundamental existence theorem of space curves; Theory of Surfaces;
Suggested Readings
 19

1. Coddington, E.A. and N. Levinson. 1955. Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations. Coordinate transformation; Tangent plane and surface normal; The first fundamental form and the
McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. metric tensor; The second fundamental form; Principle; Gaussian, mean; Geodesic and normal
2. Hairer, E., C. Lubich and G. Wanner. 2006. Geometric Numerical Integration: curvatures; Gauss and Weingarten equations; Gauss and Codazzi equations; Tensor Analysis;
Structure-Preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations. Springer, New Einstein summation convention; Tensors of different ranks; Contravariant; Covariant and mixed
York, USA. tensors; Addition; Subtraction; Inner and outer products of tensors; Contraction theorem; Quotient
3. Kreyszig, E. 2010. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. law; The line element and metric tensor; Christofiel symbols.
4. Nemytskii, V.V. 2015. Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations. Princeton
Suggested Readings
University Press, NJ, USA.
1. Bulnes, F. 2020. Advances on Tensor Analysis and Their Applications. Books on
5. Zaitsev, V.F. and A.D. Polyanin. 2002. Handbook of Exact Solutions for Ordinary Demand, Norderstedt, Germany.
Differential Equations. CRC Press, New York, USA. 2. Gray, A., E. Abbena, and S. Salamon. 2017. Modern Differential Geometry of Curves and
6. Zill, D., W.S. Wright and M.R. Cullen. 2011. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Surfaces with Mathematica. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Florida.
Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Burlington, USA. 3. Jänich, K., and L. Kay. 2001. Vector Analysis. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
4. Quaddus, K. 2020. Textbook Of Tensor Calculus and Differential Geometry and their
Applications. Misha Books, Lahore.
MATH-504 Real Analysis 3(3-0) 5. Somasundaram, D. 2015. Differential Geometry. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,
India.
Theory
Preliminaries: Number Systems: Ordered fields; Rational, real and complex numbers; MATH-503 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)
Archimedean property, supremum, infimum and completeness; Topology of real numbers:
Convergence, completeness, completion of real numbers; Open sets, closed sets, compact sets; Course Learning Outcomes
Heine Borel Theorem; Connected sets; Sequences and Series of Real By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Numbers: Limits of sequences, algebra of limits; Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem; Cauchy 1. Classify the differential equations.
sequences, liminf, limsup; Limits of series, convergences tests, absolute and conditional 2. Describe the Application of differential equations.
convergence; Power series; Continuity: Functions, continuity and compactness, existence of 3. Get Solution of higher order differential equations.
minimizers and maximizers, uniform continuity; Continuity and connectedness, Intermediate 4. Solve problems in ordinary differential equations, dynamical systems, stability.
mean Value Theorem; Monotone functions and discontinuities; Differentiation: Mean Value
Theorem, L'Hopital's Rule, Taylor's Theorem. Theory
Preliminaries: Introduction to Differential Equations; Historical background and motivation; Basic
Suggested Readings mathematical models; Directional fields and Classification of differential equations; First Order
1. Bartle, G. and R. Sherbert. 1999. Introduction to Real Analysis. 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Differential Equations; Separable equations; Modeling with first order equations, Differences
Sons, NJ, USA. between linear and nonlinear equations; Exact equations and Integrating factors; Second Order
2. Boros, G. and V. Moll. 2004. Irresistible Integrals: Symbolics, Analysis an Experiments Differential Equations; Homogenous equations; Homogenous equations with constant
in the Evaluation of Integrals. Cambridge University Press, London, UK. coefficients; Fundamental solutions of linear homogenous equations; Linear independence; The
3. Dudley, R.M. 2018. Real Analysis and Probability. Chapman & Hall, London, UK. Wronskian; Method of undetermined coefficients and Variation of parameters; Higher Order
Linear Equations; General theory of nth order linear equations; Homogenous equations with
4. Folland, G.B. 2013. Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications. John
constant coefficients; The methods of undermined coefficients and the Method of variation of
Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. parameters; Series Solution of Second Order Linear Equations and Special Functions; Series
 20

5. Thomson, B.S., J.B. Bruckner and A.M. Bruckner. 2008. Elementary Real Analysis. solution near an ordinary point; Legendre's equation; Regular singular points and Series solution
2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. about a regular singular point.

Suggested Readings
MATH-505 Ring Theory 3(3-0) 1. Hairer, E., C. Lubich and G. Wanner. 2016. Geometric Numerical Integration: Structure-
Preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations. Springer, New York, USA.
Theory 2. Kreyszig, E. 2016. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
Preliminaries: Rings: Definition, examples; Quadratic integer rings; Examples of non-
3. Nemytskii, V.V. 2015. Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations. Princeton University
commutative rings; The Hamilton quaternions; Polynomial rings; Matrix rings; Units, zero-
Press, NJ, USA.
divisors, nilpotents, idempotents; Subrings, Ideals; Maximal and prime Ideals; Left, right and
two-sided ideals; Operations with ideals; The ideal generated by a set; Quotient rings; Ring 4. O'neil, P.V. 2017. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Cengage learning, Bostan, MA.
homomorphism; The isomorphism theorems, applications; Finitely generated ideals; Rings of 5. Zill, D.G. 2020. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Jones & Bartlett Publishers,
ractions; Integral Domain: The Chinese remainder theorem; Divisibility in integral domains, Burlington, USA.
greatest common divisor, least common multiple; Euclidean domains; The Euclidean algorithm;
Principal ideal domains; Prime and irreducible elements in an integral domain; Gauss lemma,
irreducibility criteria for polynomials; Unique factorization domains; Finite fields; Polynomials
in several variables; Symmetric polynomials; The fundamental theorem of symmetric MATH-504 REAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
polynomials.
Course Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Suggested Readings
1. Describe the real line as a complete, ordered field.
1. Bhattacharya, P.B., S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul. 1986. Basic Abstract Algebra.
2. Determine the basic topological properties of subsets of the real numbers.
Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
3. Determine the continuity, differentiability, and integrability of functions defined on
2. Cohn, P.M. 1974. Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
3. Dummit, D.S. and R.M. Foote. 2014. Abstract Algebra. 3rd Ed., Addison- Wesley, subsets of the real line.
4. Apply the Mean Value Theorem and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to problems
Boston, USA.
in the context of real analysis.
4. Fraleigh, J.B. 2002. A First Course in Abstract Algebra. Addison- Wesley, Boston,
USA.
5. Herstein, I.N. 1964. Topics in Algebra. Xerox Publishing Company, New York, USA. Theory
6. Rose, J. 1978. A Course on Group Theory. Cambridge University Press, London, UK. Preliminaries: Number Systems; Ordered fields; Rational; Real and complex numbers;
Archimedean property; Supremum; Infimum and completeness; Topology of real numbers;
Convergence; Completeness; Completion of real numbers; Open sets; Closed sets; Compact sets;
MATH-506 Partial Differential Equations 3(3-0) Heine Borel theorem; Connected sets; Sequences and series of real numbers; Limits of sequences;
Algebra of limits; Bolzano Weierstrass theorem; Cauchy sequences; Lim inf, lim sup; Limits of
Theory series; Convergences tests; Absolute and conditional convergence; Power series; Continuity;
Preliminaries: First order PDEs: Introduction, formation of PDEs, solutions of PDEs of first functions; Continuity and compactness; Existence of minimizers and maximizers; Uniform
order, The Cauchy's problem for quasilinear first order PDEs, First order nonlinear equations, continuity; Continuity and connectedness; Intermediate mean value theorem; Monotone functions
Special types of first order equations; Second order PDEs: Basic concepts and definitions, and discontinuities; Differentiation; Mean value theorem; L'Hopital's rule, Taylor's theorem.
Mathematical problems, Linear operators, Superposition, Mathematical models: The classical
equations, the vibrating string, the vibrating membrane, conduction of heat solids, canonical
 21

forms and variable, PDEs of second order in two independent variables with constant and Suggested Readings
variable coefficients, Cauchy's problem for second order PDEs in two independent variables; 1. Boros, G. and V. Moll. 2014. Irresistible Integrals: Symbolics, Analysis an Experiments
Methods of separation of variables: Solutions of elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic PDEs in in the Evaluation of Integrals. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Laplace transform: Introduction and properties of Laplace 2. Dudley, R.M. 2018. Real Analysis and Probability. Chapman & Hall, London, UK.
transform, transforms of elementary functions, periodic functions, error function and Dirac delta 3. Folland, G.B. 2013. Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications. John
function, inverse Laplace transform, convolution theorem, solution of PDEs by Laplace Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
transform, Diffusion and wave equations; Fourier transforms: Fourier integral representation, 4. Stoll, M. 2021. Introduction to Real Analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London, UK.
Fourier sine and cosine representation, Fourier transform pair, transform of elementary functions
5. Thomson, B.S., J.B. Bruckner and A.M. Bruckner. 2018. Elementary Real Analysis. 2nd
and Dirac delta function, finite Fourier transforms, solutions of heat, wave and Laplace
Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
equations by Fourier transforms.

Suggested Readings
1. Myint, U.T. 1987. Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers. 3rd Ed.,
North Holland, Amsterdam, USA.
2. Polking, J. and A. Boggess. 2015. Differential Equations with Boundary Value MATH-505 RING THEORY 3(3-0)
Problems. 2nd Ed.,Pearson, London, UK.
3. Wloka, J. 1987. Partial Differential Equations. Cambridge University press, London, Course Learning Outcomes
UK. By the end of this course, students will be able to:
4. Zill, D.G., R. Michael and Cullen. 2008. Differential Equations with Boundary Value 1. Describe the Ring and its Properties.
Problems. Brooks/Cole, California, USA. 2. Describe the Ideal and operation with ideal.
3. Describe the Integral domain, isomorphism theorem, polynomial ring and Finite field.
4. Explain the finite field and classification of field.
MATH-507 Complex Analysis 3(3-0)
Theory
Preliminaries: Introduction: The algebra of complex numbers, Geometric representation of Theory
complex numbers, Powers and roots of complex numbers; Functions of Complex Variables: Preliminaries: Rings; Definition; examples; Quadratic integer rings; Examples of non-
Definition, limit and continuity, Branches of functions, Differentiable and analytic functions; commutative rings; The Hamilton quaternions; Polynomial rings; Matrix rings; Units, zero-
The Cauchy-Riemann equations, Entire functions, Harmonic functions, Elementary functions: divisors; nilpotent, idempotents; Subrings; Ideals; Maximal and prime Ideals; Left; right and two-
The exponential, Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Logarithmic and Inverse elementary functions, sided ideals; Operations with ideals; The ideal generated by a set; Quotient rings; Ring
Open mapping theorem; Maximum modulus theorem; Complex Integrals: Contours and contour homomorphism; The isomorphism theorems, applications; Finitely generated ideals; Rings of
integrals, Cauchy-Goursat theorem, Cauchy integral formula, Lioville's theorem, Morerea's ractions; Integral Domain; The Chinese remainder theorem; Divisibility in integral domains;
theorem; Series: Power series, Radius of convergence and analyticity, Taylor's and Laurent's greatest common divisor; least common multiple; Euclidean domains; The Euclidean algorithm;
series, Integration and differentiation of power series; Singularities, Poles and residues: Zero, Principal ideal domains; Prime and irreducible elements in an integral domain; Gauss lemma;
singularities, Poles and Residues, Types of singular points, Calculus of residues, contour Irreducibility criteria for polynomials; Unique factorization domains; Finite fields; Polynomials in
integration, Cauchy's residue theorem with applications; Mobius transforms, Conformal several variables; Symmetric polynomials; The fundamental theorem of symmetric polynomials.
mappings and transformations.
Suggested Readings
Suggested Readings
 22

1. Churchill, R.V. and J.W. Brown. 1989. Complex Variables and Applications. 5th Ed., 1. Beachy, J.A., and W.D. Blair. 2019. Abstract Algebra. Waveland Press, Long Grove,
McGraw Hill, New York, USA. USA.
2. Lang, S. 1999. Complex Analysis. Springer, New York, USA. 2. Dummit, D.S. and R.M. Foote. 2019. Abstract Algebra. 3rd Ed., Addison- Wesley,
3. Mathews, J.H. and R. W. Howell. 2016. Complex Analysis for Mathematics and Boston, USA.
Engineering. Springer, New York, USA. 3. Fraleigh, J.B. 2016. A First Course in Abstract Algebra. Addison- Wesley, Boston, USA.
4. Remmert, R. 1991. Theory of Complex Functions. Springer, New York, USA. 4. Nicholson, W.K. 2012. Introduction to Abstract Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
5. Rudin, W. 1987. Real and Complex Analysis. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 5. Robert, W. 2018. Foundations of Module and Ring Theory: A handbook for study and
research. Routledge, England, UK.
MATH-508 Functional Analysis 3(3-0)

Theory MATH-506 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)

Preliminaries: Metric Space: Review of metric spaces, Convergence in metric spaces, Complete
metric spaces, Dense sets and separable spaces, No-where dense sets, Baire category theorem; Course Learning Outcomes
Normed Spaces: Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, Equivalent norms, Linear operator, By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Finite dimensional normed spaces, Continuous and bounded linear operators, Dual spaces; Inner 1. Describe the formulation of Partial Differential equations.
Product Spaces: Definition and examples, Orthonormal sets and bases, Annihilators, projections, 2. Find the Solution of partial differential equations.
Linear functionals on Hilbert spaces; Reflexivity of Hilbert spaces. 3. Apply the PDEs in mathematical model.
4. Describe the Laplace transformation.
Suggested Readings
1. Balakrishnan, A.V. 1981. Applied Functional Analysis. 2nd Ed., Springer, New York,
USA. Theory
2. Conway, J.B. 1997. A Course in Functional Analysis. 2nd Ed., Springer, New York, Preliminaries: First order PDEs; Introduction, formation of PDEs; Solutions of PDEs of first order;
USA. The Cauchy's problem for quasilinear first order PDEs; First order nonlinear equations; Special
3. Kreyszig, E. 2014. Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications. John Wiley types of first order equations; Second order PDEs: Basic concepts and definitions; Mathematical
& Sons, NJ, USA. problems; Linear operators; Superposition; Mathematical models; Classical equations; Vibrating
4. Yosida, K. 1995. Functional Analysis. 5th Ed., Springer, New York, USA. string; Vibrating membrane; Conduction of heat solids; Canonical forms and variable; PDEs of
second order in two independent variables with constant and variable coefficients; Cauchy's
problem for second order PDEs in two independent variables; Methods of separation of variables;
MATH-509 Advanced Real Analysis 3(3-0) Solutions of elliptic; Parabolic and hyperbolic PDEs in cartesian and cylindrical coordinates;
Laplace transform; Introduction and properties of Laplace transform; Transforms of elementary
Theory functions; Periodic functions, Error function and dirac delta function; Inverse Laplace transform;
Preliminaries: The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence of integrals; Properties Convolution theorem; Solution of PDEs by Laplace transform; Diffusion and wave equations;
of integrals; Fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications; Change of variable theorem; Fourier transforms; Fourier integral representation; Fourier sine and cosine representation; Fourier
Integration by parts; Functions of Bounded Variation: Definition and examples; Properties of transform pair; Transform of elementary functions and dirac delta function, finite Fourier
functions of bounded variation; Improper Integrals: Types of improper integrals, tests for transforms; Solutions of heat; Wave and Laplace equations by Fourier transforms.
convergence of improper integrals; Beta and gamma functions; Absolute and conditional
convergence of improper integrals; Sequences and Series of Functions: Power series, definition Suggested Readings
 23

of point-wise and uniform convergence; Uniform convergence and continuity; Uniform 1. Bleecker, D., and G. Csordas. 2018. Basic Partial Differential
convergence and differentiation; Examples of uniform convergence. Equations. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London, UK.
2. Boyce, W. E., R.C. DiPrima, and D.B. Meade. 2021. Elementary Differential Equations
Suggested Readings and Boundary Value Problems. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
1. Bartle, G. and R. Sherbert. 1999. Introduction to Real Analysis. 3rd Ed., John Wiley & 3. Kythe, P. K., M.R. Schäferkotter, and P. Puri. 2018. Partial differential equations and
Sons, NJ, USA. Mathematica. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London, UK.
2. Boros, G. and V. Moll. 2014. Irresistible Integrals: Symbolics, Analysis an Experiments 4. Polking, J. and A. Boggess. 2015. Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems.
in the Evaluation of Integrals. Cambridge University Press, London, UK. 2nd Ed.,Pearson, London, UK.
3. Lang, S. 1968. Real Analysis. Addison-Wesley, Boston, USA. 5. Zill, D.G., R. Michael and Cullen. 2020. Differential Equations with Boundary Value
4. Rudin, W. 1976. Principles of Mathematical Analysis. 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New Problems. Brooks/Cole, California, USA.
York, USA.
5. Thomson, B.S., J.B. Bruckner and A.M. Bruckner. 2008. Elementary Real Analysis.
2nd Ed., John Wiley& Sons, NJ, USA.

MATH-507 COMPLEX ANALYSIS 3(3-0)

MATH-510 Introduction to Optimization Techniques 3(3-0)
Course Learning Outcomes
Theory By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Preliminaries: Calculus Based Optimization: Basic concepts, Extreme values and extreme 1. Represent complex numbers algebraically and geometrically.
points, Maxima/Minima and Dido's problem; Graph Theory: History of graph theory, Seven 2. Define and analyze limits and continuity for complex functions as well as consequences
bridges problem of Konigsberg and Euler path; Linear Programming: Linear programming, of continuity.
Formulations and graphical solution, Simplex method, M-technique, Two-phase technique and 3. Apply the concept and consequences of analyticity and the Cauchy-Riemann equations
Special cases; Duality and Sensitivity Analysis: The dual problem, Primal-dual relationships, and of results on harmonic and entire functions including the fundamental theorem of
Dual simplex method, Sensitivity and Post-optimal analysis; Transportation Models: North-
algebra.
Westcorner rule, Least-cost and Vogel's approximations methods, The method of multipliers,
4. Analyze sequences and series of analytic functions and types of convergence.
The assignment model, The transhipment model and Network minimization.

Suggested Readings Theory

1. Hillier, F.S. 2012. Introduction to Operations Research. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. Preliminaries: Introduction; The algebra of complex numbers; Geometric representation of
2. Miranda, J.P. 2007. Handbook of Operations Research in Natural Resources. Springer, complex numbers; Powers and roots of complex numbers; Functions of complex variables;
New York, USA. Definition: limit and continuity; Branches of functions; Differentiable and analytic functions;
3. Morse, P.M. and G.E. Kimball. 2012. Methods of Operations Research. Courier Cauchy-Riemann equations; Entire functions; Harmonic functions; Elementary functions;
Corporation, North Chelmsford, USA. Exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic and inverse elementary functions; Open
4. Slack, N. 2015. Operations Strategy. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. mapping theorem; Maximum modulus theorem; Complex integrals; Contours and contour
integrals; Cauchy-Goursat theorem; Cauchy integral formula; Lioville's theorem, Morerea's
theorem; Series; Power series; Radius of convergence and analyticity; Taylor's and Laurent's
MATH-511 Introduction to Matrices and Numerical Analysis 3(3-0) series; Integration and differentiation of power series; Singularities; Poles and residues; Zero,
singularities; Poles and Residues; Types of singular points; Calculus of residues; contour
 24

Theory integration; Cauchy's residue theorem with applications; Mobius transforms; Conformal mappings
Preliminaries: Matrices, vectors and their products (review), matrices as linear transformations, and transformations.
Rank of a matrix, linear independence and the four fundamental subspaces of a matrix,
orthogonality and isometrics, the QR decom- position, eigenvalues and the spectral Suggested Readings
decomposition of symmetric matrices, the singular value decomposition and its applications, the 1. Krantz, S.G., E.A. Gavosto, and M.M. Peloso. 2018. Partial Differential Equations and
conditioning of a matrix, least squares problems, algorithms for solving systems of linear Complex Analysis. CRC press, Florida, USA.
equations and least squares problems, Iterative methods for solving linear systems and the 2. Lang, S. 1999. Complex Analysis. Springer, New York, USA.
methods of conjugate gradients; Solution of equation in one variable, applications: multivariate 3. Marshall, D.E. 2019. Complex Analysis. Cambridge University Press, England, UK.
linear regression and principal component analysis, interpolation and polynomial approximation 4. Mathews, J.H. and R.W. Howell. 2016. Complex Analysis for Mathematics and
and approximation theory, Numerical solution of differential and difference equations. Engineering. Springer, New York, USA.
5. Stein, E.M., and R. Shakarchi. 2010. Complex Analysis. Princeton University Press, New
Suggested Readings
Jersey, USA.
1. Faires, B. 2009. Numerical Analysis. 7th Ed., Amazon Publishers, New York, USA.
2. Kreyzig, E. 2008. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 7th Ed., National Book
Foundation, Islamabad.
3. Strang, G. 2015. Introduction to Linear Algebra. 4th Ed., Wellesley-Cambridge Press,
London, UK. MATH-508 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
4. Trefethen, L.N. and D. Bau. 1997. Numerical Linear Algebra. SIAM, Pennsylvania,
USA. Course Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Explain the Metric space and convergent sequence in metric space
2. Define different types of spaces in metric space.
3. Describe the Norm space and Banach spaces and its properties
4. Apply the Baire category theorem and Describeing of bonded and continuous operator
MATH-512 Mathematics for Chemistry 3(3-0)

Theory Theory
Preliminaries: Basic set theory; limit and continuity, differentiation of algebraic, exponential Preliminaries: Metric Space; Review of metric spaces; Convergence in metric spaces; Complete
and logarithmic functions, integration of algebraic, exponential and logarithmic function by metric spaces; Dense sets and separable spaces; No-where dense sets; Baire category theorem;
different methods, modeling and solutions of differential equations and definite integration, Normed Spaces; Normed linear spaces; Banach spaces; Equivalent norms; Linear operator; Finite
partial fractions, application of derivative; extreme value of function and its variants, partial dimensional normed spaces; Continuous and bounded linear operators; Dual spaces; Inner Product
derivative with constrained variables, extreme values and saddle points, Lagrange's multipliers. Spaces; Definition and examples; Orthonormal sets and bases; Annihilators, projections; Linear
functionals on Hilbert spaces; Reflexivity of Hilbert spaces.
Suggested Readings
1. Boyce, W.E. 2016. Elementary Differential Equations. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ, Suggested Readings
USA. 1. Bogachev, V.I. and O.G. Smolyanov. 2020. Real and Functional Analysis. Springer,
2. Kreyzig, E. 2009. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
NJ, USA.
 25

3. Yusuf, S.M. and M. Amin. 2000. Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Ilmi Kitab Khana, 2. Conway, J.B. 2019. A Course in Functional Analysis. 2nd Ed., Springer, New York,
Kabir Street Urdu Bazaar, Lahore. USA.
4. Yusuf, S.M. and M. Amin. 2002. Mathematical Method, Ilmi Kitab Khana. Kabir Street, 3. Kreyszig, E. 2016. Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications. John Wiley
Urdu Bazaar, Lahore. & Sons, NJ, USA.
4. Pedersen, M. 2018. Functional Analysis in Applied Mathematics and Engineering.
CRC press, Florida, USA.
MATH-513 Operations Research 3(3-0) 5. Siddiqi, A.H., and S. Nanda. 2018. Functional Analysis and Applications. Springer,
Singapore.
Theory
Preliminaries: Calculus based optimization: slope of line, differentiation up to order two,
maxima and minima; overview of operations research, linear programming with application: MATH-509 ADVANCED REAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
graphical method, Simplex method, duality and sensitivity analysis; transportation and
assignment models; network models: minimal spanning tree, shortest Course Learning Outcomes
route problem and maximal flow problem; decision analysis and games, queuing systems and By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Markovian decision analysis. 1. Determine the Riemann integrability and the Riemann-Stieltjes integrability of a bounded
function and prove a selection of theorems concerning integration.
Suggested Readings 2. Recognize the difference between pointwise and uniform convergence of a sequence of
1. Hillier, F.S. 2012. Introduction to Operations Research. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. functions.
2. Leithold, L., 2009. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry, John Wiley & Sons, NJ, 3. Illustrate the effect of uniform convergence on the limit function with respect to continuity,
USA. differentiability, and integrability.
3. Render, B.R., M.S. Jr. and M.E. Hanna, 2005. Quantitative Analysis for Management. 4. Learn about the convergence properties of power series.
8th Ed., Prentice Hall, NJ, USA.
4. Taha, H. A., 2015. Operations Research: An Introduction. 9th Ed., Prentice Hall, NJ,
Theory
USA. Preliminaries: The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals; Definition and existence of integrals; Properties of
integrals; Fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications; Change of variable theorem;
MATH-514 Mathematical and Statistical Computing 3(1-2) Integration by parts; Functions of bounded variation; Definition and examples; Properties of
functions of bounded variation; Improper integrals; Types of improper integrals; tests for
Theory convergence of improper integrals; Beta and gamma functions; Absolute and conditional
Preliminaries: Introduction to statistical computing, data types and data Structures, data input convergence of improper integrals; Sequences and series of functions; Power series, definition of
and output, logical vectors and relational operators, flow control and looping, writing and calling point-wise and uniform convergence; Uniform convergence and continuity; Uniform convergence
functions, loop functions, debugging, programming statistical graphics. Fitting and using and differentiation; Examples of uniform convergence.
statistical models, optimization, Simulation. Markov Chain
Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo integration. Computational linear Algebra: Matrix multiplication and Suggested Readings
inversion, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Practical Use of statistical packages like SPSS, SAS 1. Bogachev, V.I. and O.G. Smolyanov. 2020. Real and Functional Analysis. Springer,
and R to solve the practical problems in Design of experiment, New York, USA.
Regression, Econometrics etc., programming with R-Language. 2. Boros, G. and V. Moll. 2018. Irresistible Integrals: Symbolics, Analysis and
Experiments in the Evaluation of Integrals. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
Suggested Readings
 26

1. Borwein, J.M. and M.P. Skerritt. 2012. An Introduction to Modern Mathematical 3. Conway, J.B. 2019. A Course in Functional Analysis. 2nd Ed., Springer, New York,
Computing: With Mathematica®. Springer, NY, USA USA.
2. Braun, W.J. and D.J. Murdoch. 2008. A First Course in Statistical Programming with 4. Simon, B. 2015. Real Analysis. American Mathematical Soc., Providence, Rhode
R. Cambridge University Press, London, UK. Island.
3. Landau, S. and B.S. Everett, 2004. A Handbook of Statistical Analysis using SPSS. 5. Thomson, B.S., J.B. Bruckner and A.M. Bruckner. 2008. Elementary Real Analysis.
Chapman & Hall, London, UK. 2nd Ed., John Wiley& Sons, NJ, USA.
4. Matlo_, N. 2011. The Art of R Programming: A Tour of Statistical Software Design,
No Starch Press, California, USA.
MATH-510 INTRODUCTION TO OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES 3(3-0)

Course Learning Outcomes

By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Describe basic concepts of optimization.
MATH-515 Matrices for Statistics 3(3-0) 2. Know the applications of calculus.
3. Analyze the problems by different methods.
Theory 4. Solve constrained and unconstrained optimization problems.
Preliminaries: Scalars, Vectors, Arrays, Matrices, Types of Matrices, Groups, Rings, Fields and
Representation of Data; Vector Space: Vector Spaces, Subspaces, Operations on Vectors,
Cartesian Coordinates and Geometrical Properties of Vectors, Centered Vectors and Variances Theory
and Covariances of Vectors; Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: General Computational Methods, Preliminaries: History of optimization and Dido's problem; Increasing and decreasing functions;
Eigenvalues from Eigenvectors and Vice Versa, Preconditioning, Power Method, Jacobi Convex and concave functions; Differentiation: Ordinary and partial differentiation; Critical
Method, QR Method, Krylov Methods, Generalized Eigenvalues and Singular Value points, extreme points, saddle points, maxima and minima, first and second derivative test;
Decomposition; Special Matrices and Operations Useful in Modeling: Data Matrices and Lagrange’s multiplier method: Single constraint and multiple constraints; Applications of
Association Matrices, Symmetric Matrices, Nonnegative Definite Matrices, Positive Definite optimization.
Matrices, Idempotent and Projection Matrices, Special Matrices Occurring in Data Analysis,
Nonnegative and Positive Matrices and Other Matrices with Special Structures; Selected Suggested Readings
Applications in Statistics: Multivariate Probability Distributions, Linear Models, Principal 1. Datta, R. amd K. Deb. 2019. Evolutionary Constrained Optimization. Springer, USA.
Components, Condition of Models and Data, Optimal Design, Multivariate Random Number 2. Gregory, J. and C. Lin. 2018. Constrained Optimization in the Calculus of Variations and
Generation, and Stochastic Processes. Optimal Control Theory. Chapman and Hall/CRC, USA.
3. Leithold, L. 2019. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
Suggested Readings 4. Taha, H.A. 2011. Operations Research: An Introduction. Pearson/Prentice Hall, USA.
1. Gentle, J.E. 2007. Matrix Algebra: Theory, Computations, and Applications in
Statistics. Springer, New York, USA.
2. Kollo, T. and D. von Rosen. 2006. Advanced Multivariate Statistics with Matrices.
Springer, New York, USA. MATH-511 INTRODUCTION TO MATRICES AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
3. Pistone, G., E. Riccomagno and H.P. Wynn. 2000. Algebraic Statistics: Computational 3(3-0)
Commutative Algebra in Statistics. CRC Press, New York, USA.
Course Learning Outcomes
 27

4. Schott, J.R. 2016. Matrix Analysis for Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. By the end of this course, students will be able to:
5. Searle, S.R. and A.I. Khuri. 2017. Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics. John Wiley & 1. Explain the matrices, vectors, and linear transformations.
Sons, NJ, USA. 2. Solve systems of linear equations by iterative method.
3. Describe the approximation theory.
4. Solve differential equations numerically.
MATH-601 Numerical Analysis 3(3-0)
Theory
Theory Preliminaries: Matrices, vectors and their products (review), matrices as linear transformations,
Preliminaries: Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors; Methods for Rank of a matrix, linear independence and the four fundamental subspaces of a matrix,
the solution of nonlinear equations: Bisection method, regula-falsi method, fixed point iteration orthogonality and isometrics, the QR decom- position, eigenvalues and the spectral decomposition
method, Newton-Raphson method, secant method, error analysis for iterative methods; of symmetric matrices, the singular value decomposition and its applications, the conditioning of
Interpolation and polynomial approximation: Lagrange interpolation, Newton's divided a matrix, least squares problems; Algorithms for solving systems of linear equations and least
difference formula, forward, backward and centered difference formulae, interpolation with a squares problems; Iterative methods for solving linear systems and the methods of conjugate
cubic spline, Hermite interpolation, least squares approximation; Numerical differentiation: gradients; Solution of equation in one variable; Applications: multivariate linear regression and
Forward, backward and central difference formulae, Richardson's extrapolation; Numerical principal component analysis; Interpolation and polynomial approximation and approximation
integration: Rectangular rule, trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3 and 3/8 rules, Boole's and Weddle's theory; Numerical solution of differential and difference equations.
rules, Newton-Cotes formulae, Gaussian quadrature; Numerical solution of a system of linear
equations: Direct methods: Gaussian elimination method, Gauss-Jordan method; matrix Suggested Readings
inversion; LU-factorization; Doolittle's, Crout's and Cholesky's methods, Iterative methods: 1. Faires, B. 2009. Numerical Analysis. 7th Ed., Amazon Publishers, New York, USA.
Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR; The use of software packages/programming languages for above 2. Greenspan, D. and V. Casulli. 2018. Numerical Analysis for Applied Mathematics,
mentioned topics is recommended. Science and Engineering. CRC Press, New York, USA.
3. Kreyzig, E. 2018. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 7th Ed., National Book
Suggested Readings Foundation, Islamabad.
1. Burden, R.L. and J.D. Faires. 2002. Numerical Analysis. PWS Pub. Co., Boston, USA. 4. Leader, J.J. 2022. Numerical analysis and scientific computation. CRC Press, New York,
2. Chapra, S.C. and R.P. Canale. 2008. Numerical Methods for Engineers. 6th Ed., USA.
McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 5. Strang, G. 2015. Introduction to Linear Algebra. 4th Ed., Wellesley-Cambridge Press,
3. Debnath, L. 2015. Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers. London, UK.
Birkhauser, Boston, USA.
4. Gerald, C.F. and P.O. Wheatley. 2005. Applied Numerical Analysis. Pearson, London,
UK.
5. Komech, A. 2009. Principles of Partial Differential Equations. Springer, New York,
USA. MATH-512 MATHEMATICS FOR CHEMISTRY 3(3-0)
6. Mathews, J.H. 2007. Numerical Methods for Mathematics. Prentice Hall, NJ, USA. Course Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Describe limits and continuity of functions.
MATH-602 Number Theory 3(3-0) 2. Learn about derivatives and its applications.
3. Evaluate definite and indefinite integrals.
Theory 4. Apply integrals in finding areas and volumes.
 28

Preliminaries: Well-ordering principle; Principle of finite induction; Divisibility theory: The Theory
division algorithms; Basis representation theorem; Prime and composite numbers; Canonical Preliminaries: Basic set theory; Limit and continuity; Differentiation of algebraic, exponential and
decomposition; The greatest common divisor; The Euclidean algorithm; The fundamental logarithmic functions; Integration of algebraic, exponential and logarithmic functions by different
theorem of arithmetic; Least common multiple; Linear Diophantine equations: Congruences; methods; Modeling and solutions of differential equations and definite integration; Partial
Linear congruences; System of linear congruences; The Chinese remainder theorem; Divisibility fractions; Application of derivatives; Extreme value of function and its variants; Partial derivative
tests; Solving polynomial congruences; Fermat's and Euler's theorems; Wilson's theorem; with constrained variables; Extreme values and saddle points; Lagrange's multipliers.
Arithmetic functions: Euler's phi-function; The functions of J and sigma; The Mobius function;
The sieve of Eratosthenes; Perfect numbers; Fermat and Mersenne primes; Primitive Roots and Suggested Readings
Indices: The order of an integer mod n; Primitive roots for primes; Composite numbers having 1. Anton, H., I.C. Bivens, and S. Davis. 2021. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
primitive roots; Quadratic residues: Legendre symbols and its properties; The quadratic 2. Boyce, W.E. 2016. Elementary Differential Equations. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ,
reciprocity law; Quadratic congruences with composite moduli; Pythagorean triples; USA.
Representing numbers as sum of two squares. 3. Kreyzig, E. 2019. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ,
USA.
Suggested Readings 4. Yusuf, S.M. and M. Amin. 2000. Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Ilmi Kitab Khana,
1. Adler, A. and J.E. Coury. 1995. The Theory of Numbers. Jones & Bartlett Publishers,
Kabir Street Urdu Bazaar, Lahore.
Burlington, USA.
5. Yusuf, S.M. and M. Amin. 2002. Mathematical Method, Ilmi Kitab Khana. Kabir Street,
2. Burton, D.M. 2007. Elementary Number Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
Urdu Bazaar, Lahore.
3. Malik, S.B. 1995. Basic Number Theory. Vikas Publishing House, India.
4. Niven, I., H.S. Zuckerman and H.L. Montgomery. 1991. An Introduction to the theory
of Numbers. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. MATH-513 OPERATIONS RESEARCH 3(3-0)
5. Rosen, K.H. 2015. Elementary Number Theory and its Applications. 5th Ed., Addison- Course Learning Outcomes
Wesley, Boston, USA. By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Describe basic concepts of optimization.
MATH-603 Measure Theory and Lebesgue Integration 3(3-0) 2. Know the basics of linear programming.
3. Analyze the problems related with graph theory.
Theory 4. Solve transportation model, network model and assignment model.
Preliminaries: Relations, Functions, Types of functions, Equivalent sets, Countable set;
Measurable Sets: Outer measure, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue measurable sets, Borel sets, Non Theory
measurable sets; Measurable Functions: Lebesgue measurable functions, Simple functions, Preliminaries: Calculus based optimization; History of graph theory; Seven bridges problem of
characteristic functions, Borel measurable function, Little-wood three principle, Review of the Konigsberg and Euler path; Linear programming: Graphical solution; Simplex method; M-
Riemann integral, Lebesgue integral, Integral of a non-negative function, technique; Two-phase technique and special cases; Duality and sensitivity analysis: Dual problem,
Integral of measurable functions, Convergence in measure. Primal-dual relationships; Dual simplex method; Sensitivity and Post-optimal analysis;
Transportation and assignment models; Network models: Minimal spanning tree; Shortest route
Suggested Readings problem and maximal flow problem; Decision analysis and games; Queuing systems and
1. Cohan, D.L. 1980. Measure Theory. Birkhauser, Boston, USA. Markovian decision analysis.
2. Halmos, P.R. 2015. Measure Theory. Von Nostrand, New York, USA.
3. Royden, H.L. 1968. Real Analysis. Macmillan, UK. Suggested Readings
4. S. Lipshcutz. 1999. Set Theory and Related Topic. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
 29

5. Smith, D., M. Eggen and R.S. Andre. 2001. A Transition to Advanced Mathematics. 1. Hastings, K.J. 2018. Introduction to Mathematics of Operations Research with
Brooks/Cole, California, USA. Mathematica®. Chapman and Hall/CRC, , New York, USA
2. Hillier, F.S. 2020. Introduction to Operations Research. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
3. Render, B.R., M.S. Jr. and M.E. Hanna, 2016. Quantitative Analysis for Management. 8th
MATH-604 Mathematical Physics 3(3-0) Ed., Prentice Hall, NJ, USA.
4. Taha, H. A., 2015. Operations Research: An Introduction. 9th Ed., Prentice Hall, NJ, USA.
Theory
Preliminaries: Series solutions of differential equations of special functions: power series
method, Legendre's equation, Bessel; equation, Sturm-Liouville problems and orthogonal eigen
function expansions; Laplace transform: Laplace transform, inverse Laplace transform, MATH-514 MATRICES FOR STATISTICS 3(3-0)
transforms of derivatives and integrals differential equations, integral equations and partial Course Learning Outcomes
function; Linear algebra and vector calculus: linear independence, vector space, Gauss By the end of this course, students will be able to:
Jordon elimination, Gauss Elimination, inner product space and linear transformations; Matrix 1. Describe basic concepts of matrices.
eigenvalue problems: eigen values, eigen vectors, application of eigen value problems, basis of 2. Know the basics of vectors and variance and covariance of vectors.
eigen vectors and diagonalization; Vector differential calculus: vector algebra in 2-space and 3- 3. Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
space, vector product, vector and scalar functions and fields, derivatives, curves, tangents, are
4. Solve special matrices occurring in data analysis.
length, velocity and acceleration, gradient of a scalar field, divergence of a vector _eld and curl
of a vector _eld; Vector integral calculus, integral theorems: line integral, green, theorem in a
Theory
plane, surfaces for surface integrals, double integrals, surface integrals, triple integrals, Preliminaries: Scalars, vectors, arrays, matrices, types of matrices, groups, rings, fields and
divergence theorem of gauss and stokes theorem of Gauss and stokes theorem. representation of data; Vector space: Vector spaces, subspaces, operations on vectors, cartesian
coordinates and geometrical properties of vectors, centered vectors and variances and covariances
Suggested Readings of vectors; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors: General computational methods, eigenvalues from
1. Axler, S. 1997. Linear Algebra: Done Right. 2nd Ed., Springer, New York, USA. eigenvectors and vice versa, preconditioning, power method, jacobi method, QR method, krylov
2. Hassani, S. 2015. Mathematical Physics. 1st Ed., Springer, New York, USA. methods, generalized eigenvalues and singular value decomposition; Special matrices and
3. Kreyszig, E. 2009. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, operations useful in modeling: Data matrices and association matrices, symmetric matrices,
NJ, USA. nonnegative definite matrices, positive definite matrices, idempotent and projection matrices,
4. Thoms, G.B. and R.L. Finney. 2002. Calculus and Analytical Geometry. 9th Ed., special matrices occurring in data analysis, nonnegative and positive matrices and other matrices
Roohani Press,Islamabad. with special structures; Selected applications in statistics: Multivariate probability distributions,
linear models, principal components, condition of models and data, optimal design, multivariate
random number generation, and stochastic processes.
MATH-605 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0)
Suggested Readings
Theory 1. Gentle, J.E. 2019. Matrix Algebra: Theory, Computations, and Applications in Statistics.
Preliminaries: Fourier Methods: The Fourier transforms; Fourier analysis of the generalized Springer, New York, USA.
functions; The Laplace transforms; Hankel transforms for the solution of PDEs and their 2. Gill, P.E., W. Murray, and M.H. 2021. Wright. Numerical linear algebra and optimization.
application to boundary value problems; Green's Functions and Transform Methods: Expansion Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, CRC Press, New York, USA.
for Green's functions; Transform methods; Closed form Green's functions; Perturbation 3. Schott, J.R. 2016. Matrix Analysis for Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
Techniques: Perturbation methods for algebraic equations; Perturbation methods for differential
equations; Variational Methods: Euler-Lagrange equations; Integrand involving one, two, three
 30

and n variables; Special cases of Euler-Lagrange's equations; Necessary conditions for existence 4. Searle, S.R. and A.I. Khuri. 2017. Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics. John Wiley &
of an extremum of a functional; Constrained maxima and minima. Sons, NJ, USA.

Suggested Readings
1. Boyce, W.E. 2016. Elementary Differential Equations. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ, MATH-601 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 3(3-0)
USA.
2. Brown, J.W. and R. V. Churchill. 2006. Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems. Course Learning Outcomes
McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Describe the importance of numerical methods and Round-off error.
3. Powers, D.L. 2005. Boundary Value Problems and Partial Differential Equations. 5th
2. Learn numerical techniques for solving linear and Non-linear equations.
Ed., Academic Press, USA.
3. Learn numerical Techniques for solving differential and integral equations.
4. Snider, A.D. 1999. Partial Differential Equations: Sources and Solutions. Prentice Hall, 4. Analyze and evaluate the accuracy of common numerical methods.
NJ, USA. 5. Implement of numerical methods in Software like Matlab.

Theory
MATH-606 Integral Equations 3(3-0)
Preliminaries: Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors; Methods for
the solution of nonlinear equations: Bisection method, Regula-falsi method, fixed point iteration
Theory
method, Newton-Raphson method, secant method, error analysis for iterative methods;
Preliminaries: Linear integral equations of the first kind, Linear integral equations of the second
Interpolation and polynomial approximation: Lagrange interpolation, newton's divided difference
kind; Relationship between differential equation and Volterra integral equation; Neumann
formula, forward, backward and centered difference formulae, interpolation with a cubic spline,
series; Fredholm Integral equation of the second kind with separable Kernels; Eigenvalues and
Hermite interpolation, least squares approximation; Numerical differentiation: Forward, backward
eigenvectors; Iterated functions; Quadrature methods; Least square methods; Homogeneous
and central difference formulae, Richardson's extrapolation; Numerical integration: Rectangular
integral equations of the second kind; Fredholm integral equations of the first kind; Fredholm
rule, trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3 and 3/8 rules, Boole's and Weddle's rules, newton-cotes
integral equations of the second kind; Abel's integral equations; Hilbert Schmidt theory of
formulae, gaussian quadrature; Numerical solution of a system of linear equations: Direct methods:
integral equations with symmetric Kernels; Regularization and filtering techniques.
Gaussian elimination method, Gauss-Jordan method; Matrix inversion; LU-factorization;
Doolittle's, Crout's and Cholesky's methods, iterative methods: Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR; The
Suggested Readings
use of software packages/programming languages for above mentioned topics is recommended.
1. Baker, C.T.H. 1977. Integral Equations. Clarendon Press, UK.
2. Lovitt, W.V. 2015. Linear Integral Equations, Dover, New York, USA.
Suggested Readings
3. Smithies, F. 1989. Integral Equations. Cambridge University Press, London, UK. 1. Burden, R.L., J. Douglas Faires, and A.M. Burden. 2015. Numerical analysis. Cengage
4. Wazwaz, A.M. 1998. A first Course in Integral Equations. World Scientific Pub., learning, Boston, MA.
Singapore. 2. Chapra, S.C. and R.P. Canale. 2018. Numerical Methods for Engineers. 6th Ed., McGraw-
Hill, NewYork, USA.
MATH-607 Special Relativity 3(3-0) 3. Debnath, L. 2015. Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers.
Birkhauser, Boston, USA.
Theory 4. Epperson, J.F. 2021. An introduction to Numerical Methods and Analysis. John Wiley &
Preliminaries: Introduction: Fundamental concepts; Derivation of Special Relativity: Einstein's Sons, NJ, USA.
formulation of special relativity, The Lorentz transformation, Length contraction, time dilation
 31

and simultaneity, The velocity addition formulae, Three dimensional Lorentz transformations; 5. Kharab, A. and R. Guenther. 2018. An Introduction to Numerical Methods. Boca Raton,
The Four-Vector Formulation of Special Relativity: The four-vector formalism, The Lorentz Florida USA.
transformations in 4-vectors, The Lorentz and Poincare groups, The null cone structure, Proper
time; Applications of Special Relativity: Relativistic kinematics, The Doppler shift in relativity,
The Compton effect, Particle scattering, Binding energy, particle production and particle decay; MATH-602 GRAPH THEORY 3(3-0)
Electromagnetism in Special Relativity: Review of electromagnetism, The electric and magnetic
field intensities, The electric current, Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic waves, The four- Course Learning Outcomes
vector formulation of Maxwell's equations. By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Describe the basic properties of graphs and special classes of graphs.
Suggested Readings 2. Use isomorphic graphs and isomorphism invariant properties of graphs.
1. Barton, G. 1999. Introduction to the Relativity Principle. Wiley, USA. 3. Learn the relationship between the properties of a matrix graph representation and the
2. Qadir, A. 2014. An Introduction to Special Theory of Relativity. World Scientific Pub., structure of the underlying graph.
Singapore. 4. Apply real-world application of graph theory.
3. Rindler, W. 1992. Introduction to Special Relativity. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
Theory
4. Ringler, W. 1995, Introduction to Special Relativity. Oxford, UK.
Preliminaries: Calculus based optimization; Basic concepts; Extreme values and extreme points;
5. Rosser, W.G.V. 1991. Introductory Special Relativity. Taylor & Francis, UK. Maxima/Minima and Dido's problem; Definition of graph theory and examples of a graph, sub
6. Saleem, M. and M. Rafique. 1992. Special Relativity. Ellis Horwood Publisher, New graph, types of graphs, paths, cycles, wheel sand walks; Connected and disconnected graph;
York, USA. Isomorphism; Handshaking lemma; Matrix representation of a graph; Three puzzles; Connectivity;
Eulerian graphs; Hamiltonian graphs; Shortest path; Algorithms Trees.
MATH-608 Graph Theory 3(3-0)
Suggested Readings
1. Douglas B. 2013. Graph Theory. 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersi, USA.
Theory
Preliminaries: Calculus Based Optimization: Basic concepts, Extreme values and extreme 2. Godsil, C. and G.F. Royle. 2013. Algebraic Graph Theory. Springer, New York, USA.
points, Maxima/Minima and Dido's problem; Graph Theory: Definition and examples of a 3. Gross, J.L. and J. Yellen. 2004. Handbook of Graph Theory. CRC Press, New York, USA.
graph, Sub graph, Types of graphs, Paths, cycles, wheels and walks, Connected and 4. Karin ,R.S. 2021. Graph Theory. Chapman and Hall/CRC, New York, USA.
disconnected graph, Isomorphism, Handshaking lemma, Matrix representation of a graph Three Trinajstic, N. 2018. Chemical graph theory. CRC press, Florida. USA.
puzzles, Connectivity, Eulerian graphs, Hamiltonian graphs, Shortest path, Algorithms Trees.

Suggested Readings
1. Douglas B. 2013. Graph Theory. 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, NJ, USA. MATH-603 MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL COMPUTING 3(0-3)
Course Learning Outcomes
2. Godsil, C. and G.F. Royle. 2013. Algebraic Graph Theory. Springer, NY, USA.
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
3. Gross, J. L. and J. Yellen. 2004. Handbook of Graph Theory. CRC Press, New York, 1. Describe basic concepts of statistical computing.
USA. 2. Know the basics of statistical graphics.
4. Parthasarathy, K.R. 1994. Basic Graph Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 3. Analyze the fitting statistical models and optimization.
4. Use statistical packages practically.
Theory
 32

Preliminaries: Introduction to statistical computing, data types and data structures, data input and
output, logical vectors and relational operators, flow control and looping, writing and calling
functions, loop functions, debugging, programming statistical graphics. fitting and using statistical
models, optimization, simulation; Markov chain; Monte Carlo integration; Computational linear
algebra: Matrix multiplication and inversion; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Practical use of
statistical packages like SPSS, SAS and R to solve the practical problems in design of experiment
regression, econometrics etc.; Programming with R-language.

Suggested Readings
1. Borwein, J.M. and M.P. Skerritt. 2012. An Introduction to Modern Mathematical
Computing: With Mathematica®. Springer, NY, USA
2. Braun, W.J. and D.J. Murdoch. 2008. A First Course in Statistical Programming with R.
Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
3. Heath, M.T. 2018. Scientific Computing: an Introductory Survey, Revised second edition.
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Pennsylvania, USA.
4. Matlo, N. 2011. The Art of R Programming: A Tour of Statistical Software Design, No
Starch Press, California, USA.

MATH-604 MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS 3(3-0)

Course Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Learn about differential equations of special functions and their series solutions.
2. Describe different equations arising in mathematical physics.
3. Apply Laplace transform on partial and integrals differential equations.
4. Learn divergence theorem and stokes theorem of Gausses and their applications.

Theory
Preliminaries: Series solutions of differential equations of special functions: Power series method,
Legendre’s equation; Bessel equation; Sturm Liouville problems and orthogonal eigen function
expansions; Laplace transform: Laplace transform, inverse Laplace transform, transforms of
derivatives and integrals differential equations, Integral and partial functions; Linear algebra and
vector calculus: Linear independence; Vector space; Gauss-Jordon elimination; Gauss elimination;
Inner product space and linear transformations; Matrix eigen value problems: Eigen values, eigen
vectors, application of eigen value problems, basis of eigen vectors and diagonalization; Vector
differential calculus: Vector algebra in 2-space and 3-space, vector product, vector and scalar
functions and fields, derivatives, curves, tangents, are length, velocity and acceleration, gradient
 33

of a scalar field, divergence of a vector field and curl of a vector field; Vector integral calculus:
Integral theorems; line integral, green theorem in a plane; surfaces integrals; Double integrals;
Triple integrals; Divergence theorem of Gauss and Stokes theorem.

Suggested Readings
1. Balakrishnan, V. 2020. Mathematical Physics: Applications and Problems. Springer, New
York, USA.
2. Hassani, S. 2015. Mathematical Physics. 1st Ed., Springer, New York, USA.
3. Kreyszig, E. 2009. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. 8th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, NJ,
USA.
4. Thoms, G.B. and R.L. Finney. 2002. Calculus and Analytical Geometry. 9th Ed., Roohani
Press, Islamabad.
5. Tikhonov, A.N. and A.A. Samarskii. 2018. Equations of Mathematical Physics. Courier
Corporation, North Chelmsford, Massachusetts.

MATH-605 MATHEMATICAL METHODS 3(3-0)

Course Learning Outcomes

By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Describe of Fourier Methods and their transforms.
2. Learn of Fourier analysis of the generalized functions.
3. Describe Green functions and perturbation Techniques.
4. Learn Euler-Lagrange's equations, and constrained maxima and minima.

Theory
Preliminaries: Fourier Methods; Fourier transforms; Fourier analysis of the generalized functions;
Laplace transforms; Hankel transforms for the solution of PDEs and their application to boundary
value problems; Green's functions and transform methods; Expansion for Green's functions;
Transform methods; Closed form Green's functions; Perturbation Techniques; Perturbation
methods for algebraic equations; Perturbation methods for differential equations; Variational
methods; Euler-Lagrange equations; Integrand involving one, two, three and n variables; Special
cases of Euler-Lagrange's equations; Necessary conditions for existence of an extremum of a
functional; Constrained maxima and minima.

Suggested Readings
1. Asmar, N. H. 2018. Partial Differential Equations with Fourier Series and Boundary Value
Problems. Courier Dover Publications, New York, USA.
 34

2. Boyce, W.E. 2016. Elementary Differential Equations. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA.
3. Powers, D.L. 2015. Boundary Value Problems and Partial Differential Equations. 5th Ed.,
Academic Press, USA.
4. Stephenson, G. 2020. Mathematical Methods for Science Students. Courier Dover
Publications, New York, USA.
5. Zauderer, E. 2016. Partial Differential Equations of Applied Mathematics. Wiley-inter
science, Englewood Cliff, New York.

MATH-606 INTEGRAL EQUATIONS 3(3-0)

Course Learning Outcomes

By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Describe integral equations of first and second kind
2. Learn the relationship between differential equation and integral equation.
3. Learn Iterated functions and Quadrature methods.
4. Use different techniques to solve integrals equations.

Theory
Preliminaries: Linear integral equations of the first kind; Linear integral equations of the second
kind; Relationship between differential equation and Volterra integral equation; Neumann series;
Fredholm integral equation of the second kind with separable Kernels; Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors; Iterated functions; Quadrature methods; Least square methods; Homogeneous
integral equations of the second kind; Fredholm integral equations of the first kind; Fredholm
integral equations of the second kind; Abel's integral equations; Hilbert Schmidt theory of integral
equations with symmetric Kernels; Regularization and filtering techniques.

Suggested Readings
1. Hochstadt, H. 2011. Integral Equations. John Wiley & Sons. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA.
2. Lovitt, W.V. 2015. Linear Integral Equations, Dover, New York, USA.
3. Mikhlin, S. G. 2020. Linear Integral Equations. Courier Dover Publications. New York,
USA.
4. Singh, H., H. Dutta, M.M. Cavalcanti. 2021. Topics in Integral and Integro-Differential
Equations. Springer Nature, Switzerland, AG.
5. Wazwaz, A.M. 1998. A First Course in Integral Equations. World Scientific Pub.,
Singapore.
35