Lecture

Power Electronics (EE-3063)

*: This complete document is an excerpt/selection from various books and other sources. The author of this document doesn’t claim any rights to
the topics discussed in this document. The topics have been presented in a way to help out the students of DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan.

EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais

EE-3063 Power Electronics https://goo.gl/images/DYALH1 Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Supply
• The parameters for a CR full-wave rectifier are given below
• 4 wires
 3 “active” phases, A, B, C
 1 “ground”, or “neutral”
• Color Code (US)
 Phase A Black
 Phase B Red
 Phase C Blue
 Neutral White or Gray

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Supply
• Three phase voltages with respect to Neutral.
2𝜋 4𝜋
𝑣𝑎 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 𝑣𝑏 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 − 𝑣𝑐 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 −
3 3

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
2𝜋
• Average output voltage for one pulse (120o or ) is given as
3
5 / 6
3 3 3 Vm 3 3 Vm 0.827  Vm
Vdc 
2  Vm sin t dt 
 /6 2
 0.827Vm I dc 
2  R

R

• Similarly rms value of load voltage for one pulse is given as

5 / 6
1 3 3
Vrms 
3

 m
V sin t 2
dt   Vm  0.8407 Vm
2  /6 2 8

0.8407 Vm
I rms 
R
• Peak Inverse Voltage of diode is given as

PIV  3 Vm

EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais

 Three Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
Example 7 The rectifier shown in following figure is operated from 460 V 50 Hz rms
supply at secondary side and the load resistance is R=20 . If the source inductance is
negligible, determine (a) Rectification efficiency, (b) Form factor (c) Ripple factor (d)
Crest Factor (e) Peak inverse voltage (PIV) of each diode.

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
• Phase to neutral voltage is given by
460
VS   265.58 V
3
• Peak voltage now can be calculated as

Vm  265.58  2  375.59 V
• Average value of load voltage and current now can be calculated as

3 3 Vm
Vdc   0.827 Vm  310.6V
2

3 3 Vm 0827 Vm
I dc    15.5 A
2 R R

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
• RMS value of load voltage and current

Vrms  0.8407 Vm  315.5V

0.8407 Vm
I rms   15.77 A
R

• (a) Rectifier efficiency

Pdc V I
  dc dc
Pac Vrms I rms

Vdc I dc 310.6 15.5

   96.7 %
Vrms I rms 315.5 15.77
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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
• (b) Form Factor
Vrms 315.5
FF    1.01
Vdc 310.6
• (c) Ripple Factor

RF  FF 2  1  0.18
• (d) Crest Factor
Vm 375.59
CF    1.19
Vrms 315.5
• (e) PIV

PIV  3 Vm  650.54V

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

• Three Phase bridge rectifier is very

common in high power applications
because they have the highest possible
transformer utilization factor for a three-
phase system. 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝐷5

• It can operate with or without transformer

and give six-pulse ripple on the out.

• Diodes D1, D3, D5 will conduct when the

supply voltage is most positive.
𝐷2 𝐷4 𝐷6
• Diodes D2, D4, D6 will conduct when the
supply voltage is most negative.

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

• Three Phase bridge rectifier is very

common in high power applications
because they have the highest possible
transformer utilization factor for a three-
phase system. 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝐷5

• It can operate with or without transformer

and give six-pulse ripple on the out.

• Diodes D1, D3, D5 will conduct when the

supply voltage is most positive.
𝐷2 𝐷4 𝐷6
• Diodes D2, D4, D6 will conduct when the
supply voltage is most negative.

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

1 cycle
𝐷5 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝐷5 𝐷1
𝐷4 𝐷6 𝐷2 𝐷4 𝐷6

• At instant marked 1, diode D4 is already on and the conduction of diode D5 stops and that
of D1 begins. The magnitude of load voltage 𝑉1 at instant 1 is then given by
𝑉1 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 30° + 𝑉𝑚 sin 90° = 1.5𝑉𝑚
• At instant marked 2, the magnitude of load voltage 𝑉2 is given by
𝑉2 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 60° + 𝑉𝑚 sin 120° = 3𝑉𝑚
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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

𝐷5 𝐷1 𝐷3 𝐷5 𝐷1
𝐷4 𝐷6 𝐷2 𝐷4 𝐷6

3𝑉𝑚 1.5𝑉𝑚

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
2𝜋
• Average output voltage for one pulse (60o or ) is given as
6
2 / 3
6 3 3 Vm
Vdc 
2 
/3
3Vm sin t dt 

 1.654Vm

3 3 Vm 1.654  Vm
I dc  
 R R
• Similarly rms value of load voltage for one pulse is given as

  dt 
2 / 3
6 2 3 9 3
Vrms  3Vm sin t  Vm  1.655 Vm
2  /3 2 4

1.655 Vm
I rms 
R
• Peak Inverse Voltage of Diode is given as

PIV  3 Vm
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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier

Example 8 The 3-phase bridge rectifier is operated from 460 V 50 Hz supply and the load
resistance is R=20ohms. If the source inductance is negligible, determine (a) The
efficiency, (b) Form factor (c) Ripple factor (d) Crest Factor (e) Peak inverse voltage (PIV)
of each diode .

3 3 Vm
Vdc   1.654Vm  621.226 V


3 3 Vm 1.654Vm
I dc    31.0613 A
 R R

3 9 3
Vrms   Vm  1.6554 Vm  621.752 V
2 4

1.6554 Vm
I rms   31.0876 A
R

EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais

 Three Phase Bridge Rectifier
(a) The efficiency
Pdc V I
  dc dc  99.83 %
Pac Vrms I rms
(b) Form factor
Vrms
FF   1.00084
Vdc

(c) Ripple factor

RF  FF 2  1  0.04
(d) Crest Factor
3Vm 650.55
CF    1.04
Vrms 621.75
(e) Peak inverse voltage (PIV) of each diode

PIV  3 Vm  650.54
EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 Comparison of Diode Rectifiers

Single
Single Single 3 Phase 3 Phase
Phase full
Performance Phase phase full Star Bridge
Wave
Parameters Half Wave Wave Rectifier Rectifier
(Centre
Rectifier (Bridge)
Tap)
Efficiency (%) 40.5 81 81 96.7 99.83
Form Factor 1.57 1.11 1.11 1.01 1
Ripple Factor 1.21 0.48 0.48 0.18 0.04
TUF (%) 28.6 69.3 81.2 66.42 95.42
PIV 𝑉𝑚 2𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚 3𝑉𝑚 3𝑉𝑚
Crest Factor 2 1.414 1.414 1.19 1.04

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EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais
 References

• Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics Devices, Circuits, and Applications”, Fourth Edition.

• NED MOHAN, “Power Electronics Converters, Applications, and Design”, Third Edition.

• Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics Handbook”, Fourth Edition.

• Power Electronics, Single Phase Uncontrolled Full Wave Rectifiers, Dr. Firas Obeidat

https://www.philadelphia.edu.jo/academics/fobeidat/uploads/Power%20Electronic%20Course
/4%20Single%20Phase%20Uncontrolled%20full-Wave%20Rectifiers.pdf

*: This complete document is an excerpt/selection from the books referred above. The author of this document doesn’t claim any rights to the
topics discussed in this document. The topics have been presented in a way to help out the students of DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan.

27
EE-3063 Power Electronics Engr. Muhammad Owais