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Linear Algebra - Final - 2020

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51 views2 pages

Linear Algebra - Final - 2020

Uploaded by

郭之一
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Linear Algebra Final Exam Date: 6/23/2020

1. (21 pts) A denotes an m × n matrix. Make each statement True or False. Justify each answer.
3 pts for each question. (Correct answer for 2 pts and suitable justification for 1 pts.)
a. If u is a vector in a vector space V, then (-1)u is the same as the negative of u.
b. A subset H of a vector space V is a subspace of V if the following conditions are
satisfied: (i) the zero vector of V is .

c. Nul A is the kernel of the mapping x  Ax.

d. The range of a linear transformation is a vector space.


e. The set of all solutions of a homogeneous linear differential equation is the kernel of a
linear transformation.
f. If a finite set S of nonzero vectors spans a vector space V, then some subset of S is a
basis for V.
g. A basis is a linearly independent set that is as large as possible.

2. (10 pts) (a) State the Best Approximation Theorem (5 pts) (b) Prove the theorem. (5 pts)

3. (10 pts) In 2 , find the change-of-coordinates matrix from the basis B = {1 – 3t2, 2 + t - 5t2,
1 + 2t} to the standard basis. (5 pts) Then write t2 as a linear combination of the polynomials
in B. (5 pts)

1 0 − 2  − 1 2  3
4. 
(10 pts) Let A = − 2 1     
6 , b = 7 , u = − 1 , c = 2 , and define a transformation
       
 3 − 2 5  − 4  3  5

 x1 − 2 x3 
T : ℜ → ℜ by T(x) = Ax, so that T ( x ) =Ax = −2 x1 + x2 + 6 x3 
3 3 
 
 3x1 − 2 x2 + 5 x3 

a. Determine if the column vectors of matrix A are linear independent. (2 pts)


b. Find T(u), the image of u under the transformation T. (2 pts)
c. Find an x in ℜ3 whose image under T is b. (2 pts)
d. Is there more than one x whose image under T is b? (2 pts)
e. Determine if c is in the range of the transformation T. (2 pts)

5. a. Find the best least-squares line fit to the points (2, 1), (3, 1), (0, 0), and (-1, 1). (5 pts)
b. Find the least-squares error associated with the above least–squares solution. (5 pts)

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6. (10 pts) Let 3 have the inner product given by evaluation at -3, -1, 1, and 3. Let p0(t) = 1,

p1(t) = t, and p2(t) = t2.


a. Compute the orthogonal projection of p2 onto the subspace spanned by p0 and p1. (5
pts)
b. Find a polynomial q that is orthogonal to p0 and p1 such that {p0, p1, q} is an
orthogonal basis for span {p0, p1, p2}. Scale the polynomial q so that its vector of
values at (-3, -1, 1, 3) is (1, -1, -1, 1). (5 pts)

 1 −1
7. (19 pts) Let A be the matrix given by A =  −2 2  with rank A = 1.
 
 2 −2 

a. Compute A+ (pseudoinverse, the inverse of reduced singular value decomposition of A).


(8 pts)
b. Find a least square solution for Ax = [1, 0, 1]T. (6 pts)
c. Find the orthogonal projection of b = [1, 0, 1]T on Col A. (5 pts)

8. (10 pts) Let A be the matrix of the quadratic form 9 x12 + 7 x22 + 11x32 − 8 x1 x2 + 8 x1 x3 . Find an

orthogonal matrix P such that the change of variable x = Py transforms xTAx into a
quadratic form with no cross-product term.

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