MTT-SME-HUST

Fundamental of
CNC Machine tool

TS. Nguyễn Mạnh Toàn

ĐT: 0944576688 / 0243.8680073
Email: [email protected]
Office: C7 – M517
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PREFACE

 Machine tools are metal cutting machine tools, factory equipments

for producing machines, instruments, and tools of all kinds
 Metal part manufacturing

 Definite form, dimension

 History: The first is the wood lathe.
 The wood lather:

 XIV, in China: Grinding, Milling machine machining sword,

wheel…
 XVII, in Russia: designed the lathe

 Machine Tools win 30% national economic with many kind of

machines, different accuracy
 In Vietnam: HN Mechanical Factory, Duyen Hai Mechanical
Factory…
 Lathe machine: T616, T620

 Milling machine: P623…

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PREFACE
 Designation:

 Vietnam:
T - turning, K - drill, P - milling, M - grind…
The first number all purpose
The following one is base dimension and
degree improvement. T620, T812A

 Soviet Union:
1 - Turning, 2 - Drill, 3 - Grind, 6 - Milling..
(1K62, 3B12, 6H82..)

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Chapter I
Introduction of machine tools
1.1 Metal cutting theory
1.2 Machine tool Classification
1.3 Auxiliary Motions in Machine tools
1.4 Gearing diagrams of machine
tools
1.5 Cutting speed equation diagrams

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1.1 Metal cutting theory

 Forming by geometric method
Example:
- Machining general cylindrical
surfaces.
Q T
- Machining shaped cylindrical surfaces

T
Q Q
T1

T T2
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1.1. Metal cutting theory

 Surfaces used in machining technology:
 Circular baseline surfaces
 cylinder, cone, threads …
§Baseline §ö êng sinh
ö êng chuÈn (C) Generator line(S)(S) C1 C2 S

(a)
a) - Cylinder
H×nh trô (b)
b) Cone
- H×nh c«n

C S S

(c)- H×nh
a) Shaped
tang trèng (d)
b) Thread
- H×nh d¹ng ren
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1.1. Metal cutting theory

 Straight baseline surfaces
Generator line: straight line; curve line, spline , ...
C S
C
S
S C

a. b. c.
 Special surfaces:
Cam, balding, involutes curve… C
S

C
a) b)
* To define generator line and baseline is relative.
* Choose generator line, baseline  kinematic diagram of the machine is
completely different
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1.1. Metal cutting theory

 Forming surface in machine using two generator
types
 Generator: line, cylinder, involutes curve, acsimet
helical
 Need movement: rotating and straight reciprocating.
 Generator: hyperbolic, ellipse, helical, etc

 Need movements: un-uniform rotary and straight

motions.
 To make the process of surfaces  to make
baseline and generator  Forming motions

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1.2 Part surface forming methods

2.1 Surface forming motions on Machine tools: the way to create
generator and baseline
 Definition: Surface forming motions are all relative motions between
cutting
tool and work piece which
directly create the surface Q
of part.
 Classification:
 Simple surface forming I
I
motions: Forming motions Q
are independent a. b. II
II
 Complicated surface
T
forming motion: Q t Q
Forming motions are regular
related each other. I I
Example: Sd
For thread surface forming:
Q1 rotate 1 revolution,
II II
T2 moving a distance t ST
S Sng
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1.2 Part surface forming methods

 Simple and complicated integrated forming motions :
Example: cone forming motions
Q1: Simple motion, T1 & T2: Complicated forming motions

 Forming motions can be performed by cutting tool or work piece 

when designing a machine, need to well arrange the mechanisms
which perform the surface forming motions, let the mechanisms are
simplest and get highest accuracy

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1.3 Surface forming on machine tool

3.1 Surface copy method:
Cutting edge is the same as generator line and always tangle
with part
Shaving cutting disk

Dao ®Þnhcutting
Shaped h×nh tool Indexing

Cutting edge is also generator line, creating the part surface when
moving base on the baseline
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1.3 Surface forming on machine tool

3.2 Surface generation cutting method :
Cutting edge and surface generator line
can be different but cutting edge always
tangle to part surface
QuÜ tÝch of tangled points is generator line
of part surface
Surface and cutting edge is independent
Note: With the same cutting method, cutting tool, but different relative
position between cutting tool and work piece will result different
surface

a. b. c.
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1.2. Machine tool Classification

 A machine tool is a machine for making articles of
given shape, size and accuracy.
 Machine tool can be divided according to their
specialization into the following categories:
 General _ purpose machines: used to work a
wide range of parts.
 Specialized machines used for articles similar
in shape but different in size.
 Limited _ purpose machines: capable of a
narrow range of operations
 Special_ machines: for making parts of one
type and size.

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1.2. Machine tool Classification

 Base on accuracy: five classes
 Class N _normal accuracy, covering the majority of general
purpose machines
 Class P _ higher accuracy
 Class B _ precision machines
 Class A _ high precision machines
 Class C _ super high precision machines (master machine
tools)
 Base on weight, derive in to:
 Light: up to one ton
 Medium: up to ten tons
 Heavy: over ten tons

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1.3 Basic motions in Machine tool

 To obtain a part of the required shape and size on a
machine tool
 The shaped surface is dependent upon the motions
imparted
 The work
 Cutting tool
 The shape of the tool

 Basic motions in machine tool include the following

 Working motions: may be imparted either to the workpiece being
machined or to the cutting tool.
 Auxiliary motions: can be per formed either manually or
automatically.
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1.3 Basic motions in Machine tool

 Working motions:
 Primary cutting motion: provides cutting speed for
removing the chip
 Lather, grind, drill...The cutting speed of a rotary cutting
motion is
V= dn/1000 m per min
 Plane, broach, mortise...The cutting speed of
translational motion is
V=2.l.nhtk /1000 m per min
 Feed motion
 Lather: l(m), s (mm/v), time _ T
n.T=l/s  s=l / (n.T)
 Longitudinal (traverse), cross, radial etc...

 Auxiliary motions: indexing, surface generating motions,

control motions, setting up motions...
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1.4. Gearing diagrams of machine tools

 It is conventional representation of interconnections
of its separate mechanisms and elements
transmitting motions to various machine members.
 Kinematic chains: motion is transmitted to the
operating units, also serve to change the speeds
and direction of motion of the operation units, to
coordinate the motions of various units of the
machine tool, etc.
 Gearing diagrams or Kinematic diagrams:
the conventional representation of the kinematic
chains of a machine tool in a single plane.

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3.2 1K62 - Engine Lathe

Kinematic diagram of 1K62 engine lathe

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1.4 Gearing diagrams of machine tools

 Kinematics diagram of turning machine

§C 1
tp
2

iv Ph«i
Work part
3
4
5
ôTail
®éngstock
is V Cutting tool
Dao
6 Tooldao
Bµn port
7 VÝt
Loadme screw

tx

 Speed chain: Motor -1-2-iv-3-4-5-part

 Feed chain: Part-4-5-is-6-7-8-lead screw

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1.4. Gearing diagrams of machine tools

 Principal conventional symbols used in
gearing diagrams
Spindle nose Chain drive

Milling shaft
Loose cylindrical gear

Lead sreww Floating cylindrical gear

Flat belt drive Stationary cylindrical gear

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1.4 Gearing diagrams of machine tools

 Kinematics diagram of turning machine

§C 1
tp
2

iv Ph«i
Work part
3
4
5
ôTail
®éngstock
is V Cutting tool
Dao
6 Tooldao
Bµn port
7 VÝt
Loadme screw

tx

 Speed chain: Motor -1-2-iv-3-4-5-part

 Feed chain: Part-4-5-is-6-7-8-lead screw

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VD: 1K62 - Engine Lathe (turning Machine)

Kinematic diagram of 1K62 engine lathe

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1.4 Gearing diagrams of machine tools

 Chain equation: is equation of transmission calculation
beginning the first chain to the end chain:
 Speed chain equation: n®c.i12.iv.i34.k=ntc
 Feed chain equation: 1revtc.i45.is.i67.tx=Sm
 i12,, i34, const
 k, correction index
 tx, lead screw pitch
 n®c, ntc,1revtc, Sm: change
 Adjusting:
 Adjustment device: iv, is

 Formula:

 Iv= ntc / (n®c.i12.i34.k)

 Is= S / (i45.i67.tx)
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