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15 views6 pages

Ass 1 Database

Uploaded by

safa noor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

Department Of Computer Science

Class: BSE-5C Assignment #1 – CLO-2


Database System Marks: 20
Name: Safa Noor Roll noSP22-BSE-089

Project name: Hospital management system


Q: Write a Case study of your respective database scenario.
Overview
This online hospital management system (HMS) works by integrating various modules and
functionalities to streamline administrative tasks, improve patient care, and enhance overall
operational efficiency. Here's a general overview of how an online HMS typically functions:
1. Patient Registration and Management:
 Patients can register online through the hospital's website or a dedicated patient
portal.
 The system captures essential patient information such as personal details, contact
information, medical history, insurance details, etc.
 Once registered, patients can access their profiles to schedule appointments, view
test results, pay bills, and communicate with healthcare providers.
2. Appointment Scheduling:
 Patients can schedule appointments with doctors or specialists based on their
availability and preferences.
 The system allows patients to choose appointment slots, view doctor profiles, and
receive confirmation notifications.
 Healthcare providers can manage their schedules, block off time slots, and view
appointment requests through the system.
3. Electronic Health Records (EHR):
 The HMS maintains electronic health records for each patient, including medical
history, diagnosis, treatment plans, medications, lab results, and imaging reports.
 Healthcare providers can access and update patient records securely from any
location with internet access.
 EHRs enable real-time collaboration among healthcare teams and provide a
comprehensive view of patient health information.
4. Billing and Payments:
 The system generates and manages bills for services rendered, including
consultations, treatments, medications, lab tests, and hospital stays.
5. Inventory and Pharmacy Management:
 The system tracks medication inventory levels, expiration dates, and stock
replenishment.
 Pharmacists can manage medication orders, dispensing, and prescription refills
electronically.
 Integration with pharmaceutical suppliers facilitates automated stock
replenishment and procurement processes.
6. Laboratory and Diagnostic Services:
 Physicians can order laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging services
electronically through the HMS.
 Lab technicians receive test orders, perform tests, record results, and upload
reports into the system.
 Patients can view test results online, and healthcare providers can access them for
diagnosis and treatment planning.
7. Communication and Collaboration:
 The HMS facilitates communication and collaboration among healthcare
providers, patients, and administrative staff through secure messaging, video
conferencing, and telemedicine features.
 Patients can consult with doctors remotely, request prescription refills, and seek
medical advice online.
 Healthcare teams can share information, discuss cases, and coordinate patient care
effectively.
8. Reporting and Analytics:
 The system generates reports and analytics to monitor key performance indicators
(KPIs), track patient outcomes, and assess operational efficiency.
 Hospital administrators can analyze data trends, identify areas for improvement,
and make data-driven decisions to optimize resource allocation and workflow
processes.

Case Study:
At the core of the HMS, patients are the focal point of care. Each patient may undergo multiple
interactions and procedures during their hospital stay.

 Patients undergo various diagnostic tests to aid in their diagnosis and treatment,
each patient may require multiple tests.
 Laboratories within the hospital perform diagnostic tests requested by healthcare
providers. Labs perform tests for multiple patients

 After tests are conducted, patients receive reports detailing their diagnostic
findings

 Each patient has a unique medical history, which is vital for healthcare providers
to make informed decisions.

 Patients are billed for the services they receive, including tests, treatments, and
accommodations. patients may have multiple bills for various services.

 Patients requiring hospitalization are assigned beds. Each patient has allocated a
single bed

 Wards within the hospital contain multiple beds for patient accommodation.

 Patients receive various treatments during their hospital stay to address their
medical needs.

 Treatments often include medication prescriptions.

 Pharmacies within the hospital receive prescriptions and dispense medications to


patients.

 Healthcare providers, specifically doctors, play a crucial role in diagnosing and


treating patients. Doctors perform treatments and appointments for multiple
patients.

 Patients schedule appointments with doctors for consultations and follow-ups.

 Each doctor has a unique schedule outlining their availability for appointments.

Q:Identify and list down Entities and Attributes [5 Marks]


Entities :
 Labs
 Patient
 Wards
 Doctor
 Reports
 MedicalHistory
 Bills
 Bed
 Treatment
 Pharmacy
 Schedule
 Prescription
 Appointments’
 Tests

Attributes:
Labs:
Location,Test,Contact_No, LabID
Patient

Name,Age,Gender,Contact_No,Email,Medical_History,Bill,Bed,Appointment,Treatment,Report

Wards

Beds,Ward_type,Ward_Capacity,WardID

Doctor

Name,Specialization,Year_Of_Experience,Contact_No,Email,Appointment,Treatment,Schedule,Doct
or_ID

Reports

Report_Details,Report_Date,Report_ID,Patient_ID

MedicalHistory

Past_Illness,Allergies,Family_MedicalHistory,History_ID,Patient_ID

Bills

Amount,Payment_method,Payment_status,Bill_ID,Patient_ID

Bed

Bed_Type,Bed_Status,Bed_ID,Ward_ID
Treatment

Tr_Details,Start_Date,End_Date,Prescription,Treatment_Id,Doctor_Id

Pharmacy

Prescription,Medicine,Stock,Prescription_Id,Pharmacy_Id

Schedule

Working_Hours,Day-Offs,Doctor_Id,Schedule_Id

Prescription

Medicine,Dosage,Frequency,Prescription_Id,Treatment_Id

Appointments

Date,Time,Status,Appointment_Id,Patient_Id,Doctor_Id

Tests

Name,Cost,Result,Test_Id,Lab_Id

Q:Create a complete ER Diagram of your database by identifying


cardinalities (Maximin, Minimum). [10 Marks]
Appointment entity could be considered as an associative entity between Patient and
Doctor, as it facilitates the relationship between them

MedicalHistory entity seems to be a weak entity type as it does not have a unique
identifier of its own but relies on the association with the Patient entity for identification.
The attribute History_ID likely serves as a partial key, but it is not sufficient for uniquely
identifying instances of MedicalHistory without the Patient_ID

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