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Pipeline Stages

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28 views12 pages

Pipeline Stages

Uploaded by

sadiyarahman109
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PIPELINE STAGES: FETCH,DECODE,

EXECUTE,MEMORY
ACCESS,WRITEBACK
Contents
01 02
Pipeline Pipeline Process
Describe about the Describe about pipeline
pipeline. process.

03 04
Pipeline Stages Advantages
Describe about the Describe about
pipeline process. Advantages.
Pipelining
● Pipelining is a process of arrangement of hardware elements of the
CPU such that its overall performance is increased.
● In the process of a pipeline, more than one instruction can be
executed simultaneously.
● In the pipeline, there are two ends in which one end is used to enter
the instruction, and the second end is used to exit
Pipeline

Memory
Fetch Writebac
Decode Execute Access
k
Pipelined Stages
The first stage is instruction fetch, where the instruction is fetched from
memory. The second stage is instruction decodes, where instruction is
decoded and register is read. The third stage is the instruction execution,
where we calculate the address or execute the operation. The fourth stage
is the memory access stage, where memory operands are accessed. The
fifth stage is the write back stage, where the result writes back to the
register.
Instruction Fetch
● In this stage, the processor fetches the next instruction from
memory.
● The program counter (PC) is used to determine the address of the
instruction to be fetched.
● The fetched instruction is then placed in a temporary storage
called the instruction register (IR).
Instruction Decode
● In this stage, the fetched instruction is decoded to determine the
operation it represents and the operands involved.
● It involves identifying the instruction type, decoding registers, and
determining the control signals.
Execution
● The instruction's operation is executed in this stage.
● For arithmetic instructions, this stage performs calculations.
● For branch instructions, it evaluates conditions to determine the next
instruction address.
● For memory access instructions, it calculates memory addresses and
accesses data.
Memory Access
● In this stage, memory operations are performed, if required.
● It includes reading from or writing to memory, typically used for
load and store operations.

Write Back
● The results of the instruction execution are written back to the
appropriate registers in this stage.
● For example, the result of an arithmetic operation is stored in the
destination register.
Advantages:
● The pipeline has the ability to increase the throughput of the system.
● It is used to arrange the hardware so that it can perform more than one
operation at once.
● It is used to make the system reliable.

Disadvantages:
● In this pipeline, the instruction latency is more.
● The process of designing a pipeline is very costly and
complex because it contains additional hardware.
References

❖ https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-organization-and-architecture-pipe
lining-set-1-execution-stages-and-throughput/
❖ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipelining

❖ https://byjus.com/gate/instruction-pipeline-in-computer-architecture-notes/

❖ https://www.javatpoint.com/execution-stages-and-throughput-in-pipeline
Thanks😇

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