TOPIC 6 - Tactics For Becoming Empowering Leader

HMEF5023 EDUCATIONAL
LEADERSHIP
TOPIC 6 : TACTICS
FOR BECOMING
EMPOWERING
LEADER
Prepared By :
Dr Mumtaz Begam Binti Abdul Kadir
LEARNING OUTCOME
Describe what empowerment is;
Explain how empowerment is applied to education and
specify the obstacles when implementing it;
Explain the reasons why empowerment fails to
materialise in the education sector;
Identify the ingredients for successful empowerment;
State precisely the issues faced by leaders in the conduct
of their organisations.
DEFINITION OF
EMPOWERMENT
The opportunities a student has for autonomy, choice,
responsibility and participation in decision making in
organisation (Lightfoot 1986)
To empower others is to give a stakeholder share in the
movement and direction of the enterprise (Jerkins 1988)
A construct that ties personal competencies & abilities to
environments that provide opportunities for choice &
autonomy in demonstrating those competencies
(Zimmerman and Rappaport (1988) .
ISSUES IN EMPOWERMENT
- DUNST (1991)
1. Enabling experience, provided within an organization that
fosters autonomy, choice, control & responsibility
2. Allow the individual to display existing competencies, as

well as learn new competencies that support & strengthen
functioning.
When the two issues mentioned here become permissible, then

empowerment will bring out the best of everyone in the school
organisation.
EMPOWERMENT IN
EDUCATION
PARTICIPATIVE EMPOWERMENT
DECISION MAKING
EMPOWERMENT IN
EDUCATION
Empowerment carries the meaning of giving power by
a leader to an individual, usually a subordinate or a
group of subordinates, to carry out certain responsibility
or duty in place of the leader.
A successful empowerment exercise would create a

feeling of collective responsibility by all staff
members and more work could be done as the result of
the process.
OBSTACLES IN
EMPOWERMENT
To be successful in implementing empowerment, teachers,
staff members, parents and the principals must have
mature judgement (Short & Greer 1977).
Not all schools were successful in the implementation of

empowerment.
REASONS FOR
EMPOWERMENT FAILURE
The unwillingness of the principals to yield and
share the decision making process.
Not training the people who are empowered
Not enough time is given to planning and

implementing the process.
The leader gives a free hand to his/her empowered

subordinates right from the start
THE NATURE OF
EMPOWERMENT
Classroom Empowerment – autonomy
- teaching in classroom
- complete control of students
- evaluation in classroom
Teacher have No say – determining their principals, setting

their own schedule & deciding what should be taught in the
classroom
ISSUES REFLECT THE
LACK OF EMPOWERMENT
Teachers’ responsibility – teach students vs complete syllabus
Co-curriculum activities considered – merit for university
entrance
Teacher – teaching subjects that are not their specialization
Teacher – say in selecting school principal
Teacher – say in confirming the post of a principal & senior
assistant.
INGREDIANTS FOR A
SUCCESSFUL EMPOWERMENT -
BUILDING TRUST
Empowerment can Only be a Productive Tool if a Trusting
Relationship Exists between Various Parties.
- Principals trusting teachers
- Teachers trusting principals
- Trust in bureaucracy
- Trust between an autonomous-school principal and
district office
- Trust among teachers
- Trust between teachers & students
- Trust in the school culture
- Trust in the healthy organisation
SIGN OF A HEALTHY
ORGANISATION
Critical processes are well developed & effective is
known as healthy organisation.
Critical processes – communication, decision making, goal
setting, problem solving & conflicts management.
Challenges are addressed, solutions to problems are
found & innovation
Once a high degree of trust is established between the
parties then empowerment would most likely be
successfully implemented.
LEADERSHIP ISSUES
Most successful principals are trusting individuals who
had strong visions & strong principles.
Theory Y Principals
- work was as natural as play or rest
- persons would exercise self-direction
- commitment – rewards – achievement
- accept & seek responsibility
- capacity to help the organisation solve its problems
THEORY Y INCLINATION
Empower his subordinates and to trust them
Teachers – self confidence & self-esteem
Enable the schools to progress towards achieving
their objectives
Teachers who achieve post-graduate degrees could be
made use for school improvement
THEORY X INCLINATION
People basically do not like to work & therefore are
not to be trusted to do their jobs without close
supervision.
These principals will not empower their teachers.

To ensure a successful process of empowerment of
teachers – select principal who are Theory Y
If the teachers need close supervision – principal
incline towards –Theory X
EFFECTIVE DELEGATION &
EMPOWERMENT
Providing teachers with the following:
A significant role in the school decision-making process,
therefore, developing a sense of shared governance;
Control over their work environment and work conditions;
Opportunities to contribute to the school in a range of

professional roles: teacher, administrator, curriculum
developer, mentor and learner.
Creating Life-long learners
- craving for more learning & as the result of this desire
we are able to create a society of life-long learners.
Participative Management & Decision Making

- allows & encourages subordinates to participate
- decisions are researched by including those persons who
are to execute those decision.
Self-managing Work Group

- employee take personal responsibility for the outcomes of
their work, manage their own performance, and monitor,
reinforce & reward the work of the group.
- creative & innovative thinking are implemented.
TEAM WORKING
Team – a group in which the individuals have
common aim and in which the jobs & skills of each
member fit in with those of others – jigsaw puzzle
Team members complement each other
Collaboration between team members
COMMITMENT OF
SENIOR MANAGEMENT
Senior management must be committed and enthusiastic
towards team working.
A very successful way of getting the best from individuals;
A way to tap creativity and increase commitment by

encouraging close relationships and added responsibility;
A way to higher productivity, better quality and greater

efficiency.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN
EFFECTIVE TEAM
Clear purpose Open communications
Informality Clear roles & work
Participation assignments
Listening Shared leadership
Civilized disagreement External relations
Consensus decision making Style diversity
Self assessment
WHY TEAM WORKING?
Higher productivity
More new ideas
Greater employee satisfaction & motivation
Higher & more consistent performance
SUMMARY
The term “empowerment” has been defined in various ways
by different writers. The main element in empowerment is
the opportunity to carry out new ideas and be involved
in the decision-making process.
Empowerment is linked to leadership roles and one cannot be

empowered if one refuses to take up leadership roles.
There are various obstacles to empowerment and several

elements have to be present before empowerment can be
exercised, such as trust and leadership opportunities.
SUMMARY
There are benefits when empowerment is practised, such as
creating lifelong learners, participative management
and self-management which leads to autonomy.
Empowerment is seen in team working, which is

important for the success of an organisation.
Empowering teachers is an important part of the maturing

process of the school system.
Empowerment of teachers and students has become an

important component of the teaching and learning process.
SUMMARY
With the existence of online learning, the advancement of
the Internet learning facilities and digital libraries, the
traditional school has changed its function permanently.
A school in the traditional sense gives us a picture of a

teacher teaching the students in front of the classroom
while the students listen attentively and make notes
whenever necessary.
The present scenario differs greatly where teachers have

become facilitators to the process of learning.
SUMMARY
Teachers guide their students, and the students on their
own either individually or as a team of peers, will seek the
information needed through the Internet, physical libraries
or by consulting the experts for the answer to their
assignments.
There is a wider scope of knowledge to pursue and more

freedom for the students to apply whatever knowledge and
experience that they have already gained in their quest for
knowledge through various sources. This is only possible if
empowerment of teachers and students have become an
integral part of the education system.
SUMMARY
Empowerment can only be a success if the educational
authorities are really aware that the requirement of a
successful empowering process includes paradigm
shifts among the powerful senior officers within the
education system.
The ideology of trust should exist between the various
components of the education system.
SUMMARY
The policy makers should trust the implementers, the
principals should trust their teachers, and the teachers should
trust their students.
This trust will empower them to carry out their responsibilities

creatively and, as the result of this freedom, the potential of
every individual may be realised and productivity in all areas
will be manifested and increased.
The result of this shift in the thinking of future citizens of the

nation will be reflected in the all spheres of life of the nation.
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HMEF5023 EDUCATIONAL

2. Allow the individual to display existing competencies, as

When the two issues mentioned here become permissible, then

A successful empowerment exercise would create a

Not all schools were successful in the implementation of

Not training the people who are empowered

Not enough time is given to planning and

The leader gives a free hand to his/her empowered

Teacher have No say – determining their principals, setting

These principals will not empower their teachers.

Control over their work environment and work conditions;

Opportunities to contribute to the school in a range of

Participative Management & Decision Making

Self-managing Work Group

A very successful way of getting the best from individuals;

A way to tap creativity and increase commitment by

A way to higher productivity, better quality and greater

Empowerment is linked to leadership roles and one cannot be

There are various obstacles to empowerment and several

Empowerment is seen in team working, which is

Empowering teachers is an important part of the maturing

Empowerment of teachers and students has become an

A school in the traditional sense gives us a picture of a

The present scenario differs greatly where teachers have

There is a wider scope of knowledge to pursue and more

This trust will empower them to carry out their responsibilities

The result of this shift in the thinking of future citizens of the

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