Biology chp#3 and 4 Notes

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1 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


2 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

Table of contents
S.no Chapters Pg nos
1. Chapter#3:
Biodiversity
(Mcqs,Short and 3-17
Detailed Questions,
Distinguish,
Definitions,Extra
questions)
2. Chapter#4:
Cells and tissues
(Mcqs,Short and 18-42
Detailed Questions,
Distinguish, Definitions,
Extra questions)
3. Model papers 43-48

Compiled by Miss Sadia Nawaz


Dar-e-Arqam Jauhar Girls Campus

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


3 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

BIODIVERSITY
MULTIPLE CHOICEQUESTIONS(Pg#48,49)

A.Encircle the correct answer:


1. Which of the following is the correct way of writing a scientific name of an organism?
(a) Houbara bustard
(b) E.coli
(c) Alium cepa
(d) Canis lupis
2. Select the mismatched
(a) Plantae Pteridophyta
(b) Fungi Mucor
(c) Protista Paramecium
(d) Animalia Amoeba
3. Identify the correct sequence of classifying an organism.
(a) Species Genus Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
(b) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
(c) Kingdom Phylum Class Family Order Genus Species
(d) Species Genus Class Phylum Order Kingdom Family
4. All are involve in classification except
(a) Analogous
(b) Homologous
(c) Cytology
(d) genetics
5. In the taxonomic hierarchy choose the term which encompasses all other in the list
(I)Genus (II)Species (III)Order (IV)Class
(a) I and II
(b) II
(c) II and III
(d) IV
6. In four kingdom classification, kingdom Metaphyta includes all of the following except.
(a) Algae
(b) Angiosperm
(c) Gymnosperm
(d) Bryophyta
7. In five kingdom system virus placed in

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


4 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

(a) Monera
(b) Protista
(c) Plantae
(d) None of these
8. Biological name of cat
(a) Felis catus
(b) Azadirachta indica
(c) Alium cepa
(d) Canis lupis
9. Members of which kingdom have cell wall and are all heterotrophic
(a) Monera
(b) Protista
(c) Plantae
(d) Fungi
10. Biodiversity is effected with
(I)Pollution (II)Deforestation (III)Over hunting
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) I and II
(d) I, II and III

EXTRA M.C.Qs
11. Biodiversity describes
(a) Variety among the species exist on the earth
(b) Variety within the species exist on the earth
(c) Variety within or among the species exist on the earth
(d) None of these
12. Biodiversity is the source of
(a) Food, fiber and paper
(b) Rubber, oil and timber
(c) Medicinal resources
(d) All of these
13. The smallest and basic unit of classification is
(a) Kingdom
(b) Phylum
(c) Species
(d) Class

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


5 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

14. All organisms are divided into kingdoms?


(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 2
15. Who proposed a three- kingdom classification system?
(a) Robert Whittaker
(b) Ernst Hackel
(c) Margulis
(d) Schwartz
16. Who introduced the five-kingdom classification system?
(a) Margulis
(b) Schwartz
(c) Margulis and Schwartz
(d) Robert Whittaker
17. Which kingdom includes prokaryotic organisms?
(a) Kingdom Protista
(b) Kingdom Animalia
(c) Kingdom monera
(d) Kingdom Fungi
18. Most fungi are……organisms.
(a) Multicellular
(b) Unicellular
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
19. Binomial nomenclature method was first time introduced by
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Carolus Linnaeus
(c) Alexander Fleming
(d) Ibn-e-Sina
20. The ….. name begins with a capital letter
(a) Species
(b) Generic
(c) Scientific
(d) Common
21. Cutting down trees for the conversion of forest to non-forest land
(a) Vulnerable
(b) Protista
(c) Genus
(d) Deforestation

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


6 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

22. Family is a group of related


(a) Order
(b) Species
(c) Genus
(d) Class
23. Genus is a group of related
(a) Species
(b) Family
(c) None of the above
(d) Order
24. Fungi have cell wall made up mainly
(a) Mycelium
(b) Hyphae
(c) Chitin
(d) Cellulose
25. Fungi have a body called
(a) Mycelium
(b) Hyphae
(c) Chitin
(d) Cellulose
26. Scientific name of “onion” is
(a) Asterias Rubens
(b) Allium cepa
(c) Corvus splendens
(d) None of the above
27. Scientific names are usually printed in
(a) Arabics
(b) Italics
(c) Greeks
(d) English
28. . The national bird of Pakistan is
(a) Markhor
(b) Chakor
(c) Hummingbird
(d) Kingfisher
29. The …..name begins with a capital letter
(a) Species
(b) Generic
(c) Scientific
(d) Common

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


7 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

30. Biodiversity is richer in


(a) Tropical region
(b) Temperate regions
(c) Polar regions
(d) Desert
31. Biological name of housefly is
(a) Allium cepa
(b) Mangifera indica
(c) Azadirachta indica
(d) Musca domestica
32. In a virus, the protein coat that encloses the nucleic acid is called
(a) Mycelium
(b) Hyphae
(c) Capsid
(d) Chitin
33. The species that are at risk to become extinct in near future
(a) Established
(b) Extinct
(c) Endangered
(d) Threatened species

B.Fill in the Blanks (Pg#49)


1. Biodiversity
2. 1.5 million
3. Homologous
4. Taxonomy
5. Aquatic
6. Fungi
7. Virus
8. Italicized
9. Deforestation
10. Endangered

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


8 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

SHORT QUESTION AND ANSWERS. (Pg#50)


Q1) Why scientific naming is necessary?

Ans: The advantage of scientific name is that they are accepted by speakers of all languages,
that each name applies only to one species, and that each specie has only one name.

Q2) How living organisms are classified into two Kingdom classification?

Ans: Two kingdom classification: Previously the organisms were classified into two groups, all
the organisms possess cell wall were placed in plant kingdom and all the organisms do not
possess cell wall were placed in animal kingdom.

THE LIVING BEING

Plants Animals

Kingdom absent locomotion present Kingdom

response to

slow external stimuli fast

Plants do not eat mode of nutrition eat Animals

absent conductile and present

contractile system

present cell wall absent

Bacteria, Algae Invertebrtate


(including protozoa)

Fungi, Bryophytes, Vertebrates

Pteridophytes, Gymno,

and angiosperms TWO KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


9 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

Q3) Why virus is not placed in any kingdom?

Ans: virus is a microscopic organism that is known to be the connecting link between living
and non-living. These were not placed in any kingdom since they are neither living nor dead.

Q4) Draw chart showing three kingdom classification.

Ans: Three kingdom classification: Ernst Hackle in 1866, introduced a new kingdom
named as Protista to accommodate the organisms exhibiting characters either common to both plants
and animals.

THE LIVING BEING

All organisms lacking tissue-system, All organisms having diverse tissuesystem

morphological complexities, and with well defined division of labour and

division of labour maximum morphological complexities

diversified type of autotrophic mode holophagic mode

modes of nutrition of nutrition of nutrition

kingdom kingdom kingdom

Protista Plantae Animalia

Algae(micro,macro) Bryophytes,Pteridophytes Invertebrates,

Fungi(micro,macro) Gymnosperms, Angiosperms Vertebrates

Protozoa,Bacteria

Q5) Why amoeba is not placed in animal kingdom?

Ans: The amoeba is considered as animal like protist because it moves and consumes its
food, but it is not classified as an animal because it consists of a single cell; it is unicellular.

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


10 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

Q6) Why cyanobacteria are placed in monera?

Ans: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria but they are placed under kingdom Monera
because they are unicellular, they show prokaryotic features like lack of a well defined nucleus.

DETAILED QUESTION- ANSWERS (Pg#50)


Q1) Describe in detail five kingdom classification.

Ans: Five Kingdom Classification: Robert Whittaker in 1969 classified the


organisms into five kingdoms which clearly categorized fungi into a separate kingdom. This
system of classification was based on:

 Cellular structure and body organization; unicellular Prokaryote, Unicellular and


multicellular eukaryotes.
 Mode of nutrition, autotrophs (plants), ingestive heterotrophs (animals) and absorptive
heterotrophs (fungi).

(i)Kingdom Monera:
 It includes all the prokaryotes i-e Bacteria and Cyanobacteria.

(ii)Kingdom Protista:
 It is the place for all the eukaryotic unicellular organisms, except yeast which some
of them have the features of both plant and animal like.
 Most protists are aquatic .
 It includes protozoa and unicellular algae.

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


11 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

(iii)Kingdom Fungi:
 It includes all the multicellular eukaryotic fungi.
 They are Achloophyllous, absorptive hetertrophs.
 They have cell wall made up of mainly chitin.
 They have a body called Mycelium which is made up of a thread like structure called
hyphae.

(iv)Kingdom plantae:
 It includes all the multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms.
 They have cell wall mainly made up of cellulose.
 It includes multicellular Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperm and
angiosperms.

(v)Kingdom Animalia:
 All animals are multicellular, eukaryotic which are ingestive heterotrophs without cell
wall.
 It includes all vertebrates and invertebrates except protozoa.

Q2) what is taxonomic hierarchy? Explain units and aims of classification.

Taxonomic Hierarchy: “Taxonomic hierarchy is the process of arranging various


organisms into successive levels of the biological classification either in a decreasing or an
increasing order from kingdom to species and vice versa.”

All organisms are classified into five kingdoms, so the kingdom is the highest taxon of
classification. On the basis of similarities, each kingdom is further divided into smaller taxa.

UNITS OF CLASSIFICATION:
1.Species: Species is a group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile
offspring.
2.Genus: Group of closely related species is called genus.
3.Family: Group of closely related genera is called family.
4.Order: Group of closely related families is called order.
5.Class: Group of closely related order is called class.
6.Phylum: Group of closely related classes is called phylum.
7.Kingdom: Group of closely related phyla is placed together in kingdom.

AIMS OF CLASSIFICATION:

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


12 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

The main aims of classification are :


(i) To determine similarities and dissimilarities among organisms so that they can be
studied easily.
(ii) To find the evolutionary relationship among organisms.

Q3) What is Deforestation? Also write effects and causes of deforestation.

Ans: The cutting down of trees for the conversion of forest into non forest land is known as
Deforestaion.

Effects of Deforestation: Deforestation result with the great loss in Biodiversity


such as; increase in the concentration of green house gases (carbondioxide, Methane, water
vapour etc. which leads to Global warming and it is also the reason of habitat loss of wild life.
Soil erosion, low rainfall due to no transpiration are also the result of deforestation.

Causes of Deforestation: Deforestation is done deliberately due to the Mining,


paper making, urbanization, timber, for making roads and agriculture expansion and livestock
breeding.

Q4) Distinguish between the following in tabulated form:

Plant kingdom Animal kingdom


1. It has multicellular It has multicellular eukaryote
eukaryote plants. animals

2. Presence of cell wall (made Absence of cell wall.


up of cellulose).

3. Capable of producing their Depend on others for their food


own food. requirements.

4. Have reserved food in the Have reserved food in form of


form of starch. glucose.

5. They do not show They show locomotion.


locomotion.

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


13 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

2. Distinguish between kingdom monera and Protista.

Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protista


1. Monera comprises unicellular Protista comprises both
microorganisms. unicellular and multicellular
organisms.

2. They are small Organisms are larger than


microorganisms. Monera.

3. The cell wall is noncellular The cell wall is present in some.


made up of polysaccharide
and amino acid.

4. Mitochondria and chloroplast Mitochondria and chloroplast are


are not present. present for cellular respiration.

3. Distinguish between kingdom fungi and plantae.

Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae


1. They are either unicellular They are multicellular, eukaryotic
or multicellular eukaryotes. and autotrophic and they contain
a rigid cell wall.

2. They include both They have different parts to


microscopic (ex-yeast) and support and anchor the plant and
macroscopic (ex- also for photosynthesis.
mushrooms) organisms.

3. They lack chlorophyll and They contain a photosynthetic


therefore have a pigment known as chlorophyll
heterotrophic mode of with the help of which they can
nutrition. make their own food.

4. Fungi cell wall is made up Plant cell wall is made up of


of chitin. cellulose

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


14 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

5. Fungi reproduce by Plants reproduce by seeds.


spores.

DEFINITIONS (Pg#49)
1.Analogous structure: Analogous structures are features of different species that
are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common
ancestral feature.-

2.Classification: Classification is the process of arranging organisms, both living and


extinct, into groups based on similar characteristics.

3.Species: The smallest and basic unit of classification is species. It is a group of


organism which are similar in structure, can interbreed to provide fertile and visible offspring.

4.Family: A taxonomic group of one or more genera,especially sharing a common


attribute.

5.Metazoa: Multicellular animals having cells differentiated into tissues and organs and
usually a digestive cavity and nervous system.

6.Mycelium: The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine


white filaments (hyphae).

7.Hyphae: Each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of


a fungus.

8.Genus: A genus is a taxonomic category in the biological classification, composed of


species that have been classified together based on phylogenetic relatedness or common
features, such as sharing similarities or specific characteristics.

9.Endangered species: Endangered species can be defined as those species


which are under risk or threat of being extinct. In other words, species which are about to
extinct. Many factors are responsible for this which may be natural or man-made.

10.Kingdom: kingdom is a taxonomic rank that is composed of smaller groups called


phyla (or divisions, in plants).

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


15 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

EXTRA QUESTIONS
Q1) Define and explain classification.

Ans: Classification is the process of arranging organisms, both living and extinct, into groups
based on similar characteristics. Biologists mapped the whole diversity of organisms exist on
earth, into simple group. To understand about the characteristics of specific organisms
individually, is simply called classification.

Q2) What is biodiversity?

Ans: Biodiversity is the variation among living organisms from different sources Including
terrestrial, marine and desert ecosystems. It describes the richness and variety of life on earth.
It is comprised of different organisms such as bacteria, protozoans, algae, fungi, animals and
plants.

Q3) What is binomial nomenclature?

Ans: A scientific name given to each species comprising two words is known as binomial
nomenclature. Carolus Linnaeus Swedish naturalist and explorer who was the first to frame
Principles for defining natural genera and species of organisms and to create a uniform
system for naming them.

Q4) What are endangered and extinct species?

Ans: Endangered Species: An endangered species is an animal or plant that's considered


at risk of extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss
of genetic variation.

Extinct Species: A species which is no longer present in its original range or as a distinct
species any longer is called extinct species.

Q5) Describe the reasons to conserve biodiversity.

Ans: Reasons to Conserve Biodiversity:


Biologists warned that global ecosystem would be collapsed if biodiversity continues to be
reduced at the same rate. Therefore, it is mandatory to conserve life on earth in order to make
nature stable.

1.

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


16 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

2. Conservation of biodiversity is the protection, scientific management, and upliftment of


biodiversity to maintain its threshold levels and derive sustainable benefits for present
and future generations.
3. Biodiversity should be conserved to prevent species extinction.

4. It is preserved to maintain a balance in nature.


5. If one organism in the food chain gets extinct it will impact the lives of other organisms.

Q6) Describe the principles of binomial nomenclature.

Principles of Binomial Nomenclature:


Some of the rules which are universally adopted for writing scientific name of a species are:

 Scientific name of any organisms should be italicized when printed, such as Homo
sapiens and when handwritten these are underlined.
 The first word of the name is generic always started with capital letter, while second
term is species which is never capitalized.
 When the scientific name is written first time, it is written full but when it is repeated
several times, it is abbreviated. For example; The scientific name of red rose is Rosa
indica, it is abbreviated as R.indica.
 Sometimes the author name appears after species name which means the species
was described by Him. For example; (mango plant) Mangifera indica L. It means
Mangifera indica was first described by Linnaeus.

Q7) What are the causes of loss of biodiversity in Pakistan? Also explain what are the
factors which affect biodiversity in Pakistan.

Ans: Pakistan today faces severe threats to its animal and plant species. The main causes of
this loss are;

 Loss of natural habitat


 Rapid growth in human population
 Prevailing poverty in rural areas
 Low literacy rate

Factors which affect biodiversity in Pakistan:


Pakistan is one of few countries in the world to have every kind of geological structure. The
geography of Pakistan is a blend of landscapes.You’’ll find plains, deserts, forests, hills and
plateaus. This diversity contains diversified habitats and landscapes that support a rich
biodiversity of both fauna and flora. During the last two-three decades, a number of plant and

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


17 Chapter#3: Biodiversity

animal species have become threatened endangered mainly due to over


exploitation and loss of natural habitat. Factors like deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion,
salinity and water logging are causing majot threats to the remaining biodiversity of Pakistan.

Q8) Describe the importance of Biodiversity.

Ans: Biodiversity provides many beneficial products which includes fiber, oil, dyes,
rubber,water,timber,paper and food. It also stabilizes the ecosystem by recycling the nutrients,
reduces the amount of pollution by means of forest. Biodiversity also plays an important role
in drug discovery and medicinal resources

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


18 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

CELLS AND TISSUES


MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS(Pg#89,90)
A. Encircle the correct answer:
1.What is responsible for the high resolution of the electron microscope?
(a) High magnification
(b) Short wavelength of the electron beam
(c) Use of heavy metals strains
(d) Very thin section
2.What is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
(a) Aerobic respiration
(b) Intracellular digestion
(c) Synthesis of steroids
(d) Synthesis of protein
3.Which statement about the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure is correct?
(a) The less unsaturated the fatty acid, the more fluid nature
(b) The more unsaturated the fatty acid, the more fluid nature
(c) Higher the temperature, less fluid nature
(d) The lower the temperature, more fluid nature
4.Which process allow movement in and out of cell
I. Osmosis
II. Diffusion
III. Active transport
(a) I only
(b) I and II only
(c) II and III only
(d) I, II and III
5.All are postulates of cell theory except
(a) New cell is derived from pre-existing cells
(b) Cell does not contain the hereditary material
(c) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
(d) Cell is the fundamental unit of life
6.Secondary wall is made up of
(a) Pectin and cellulose
(b) Cellulose and protein
(c) Cellulose and lignin
(d) Lignin and pectin

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


19 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

7.Select the odd one


(a) Active transport
(b) Diffusion
(c) Facilitated diffusion
(d) osmosis
8.Trace the correct pathway of protein produce from protein factories
(a) RER Ribosome Golgi body Lysosome
(b) Ribosomes RER Golgi body Lysosome
(c) Golgi body RER Ribosome Lysosome
(d) RER Ribosome Lysosome Golgi body
9.Cell organelle found in animal cell and help intracellular digestion
(a) Lysosome
(b) Ribosomes
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Golgi apparatus
10. Select the mismatched
(a) Plastids Storage of chemicals
(b) Centriole Help in cell division
(c) Ribosomes Synthesis of steroids
(d) Mitochondria Synthesis of ATP

EXTRA M.C.Qs
11.Cells were first described by a British scientist:
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Leeuwenhoek
(c) Schleiden
(d) Schwann
12.Who proposed that all living cells arise from pre-existing cells?
(a) Robert Brown
(b) Rudolf Virchow
(c) Loius Pasteur
(d) Leeuwenhoek
13.The resolution of electron microscope is:
(a) 0.2nm
(b) 0.3nm
(c) 0.4nm
(d) 0.5nm

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


20 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

14.Electron microscope has a magnification upto:


(a) 125,000 times
(b) 150,000 times
(c) 175,000 times
(d) 250,000 times
15. The fundamental unit of living thing is:
(a) Atom
(b) Cell
(c) Tissue
(d) Molecule
16. The increase in the apparent size of an object is called:
(a) Magnification
(b) Resolution
(c) Resolving power
(d) Micrograph
17. The entire chemical reaction taking place in the body is called:
(a) Metabolism
(b) Catabolism
(c) Anabolism
(d) All of the above
18. The inner living matter of a cell called:
(a) Primary cell
(b) Protoplasm
(c) Chitin
(d) Peptidoglycan
(e) Cellulose
19. The cell wall of prokaryotes is made up of:
(a) Chitin
(b) Lignin
(c) Cellulose
(d) Peptidoglycan
20. Cell membrane is mainly composed of:
(a) Protein
(b) Lipids
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) All of the above
21. The powerhouse of cell:
(a) Endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Mitochondria

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


21 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

(c) Plastids
(d) Chloroplast
22. Human body is made up of ……… types of cells:
(a) 300
(b) 200
(c) 250
(d) 350
23. The color of red blood cells is red due to the presence of
(a) Xylem
(b) DNA
(c) Haemoglobin
(d) Neurons
24. The type of cells involved to kill foreign agents and defense:
(a) Skin cells
(b) Red blood cells
(c) White blood cells
(d) Nerve cells
25. The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to the area of lower
concentration is called:
(a) Effusion
(b) Diffusion
(c) Facilitated diffusion
(d) Osmosis
26. Facilitated diffusion is:
(a) Active transport
(b) Passive transport
(c) Osmosis
(d) All of these
27. The shrinking of cytoplasm is called:
(a) Osmosis
(b) Phagocytosis
(c) Reverse osmosis
(d) Plasmolysis
28. The movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to the area of higher
concentration called…..
(a) Passive transport
(b) Active transport
(c) Osmosis
(d) Cellular transport

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


22 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

29. The cellular eating process called……


(a) Pinocytosis
(b) Phagocytosis
(c) Cellular drinking
(d) All of the above
30. A group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function called….
(a) Community
(b) Tissue
(c) Organ
(d) Biosphere
31. Which muscles are voluntary in action?
(a) Smooth muscles
(b) Cardiac muscles
(c) Striated muscles
(d) Skeletal muscles
32. Which muscles are involuntary in action?
(a) Smooth muscle
(b) Cardiac muscle
(c) Skeletal muscle
(d) Both (a) and (b)
33. The first compound microscope was developed by …….
(a) Aristotle
(b) Zacharias Janssen
(c) Robert Hook
(d) Louis Pasteur
34. What is the resolution of the human eye?
(a) 0.05mm
(b) 0.1mm
(c) 0.01mm
(d) 0.001mm
35. Who discovered the “nucleus” in the cell?
a) Robert Hooke
b) Robert Brown
c) Lamarck
d) Louis Pasteur
36. The inner membrane of mitochondria forms many infoldings called…….
(a) Stroma
(b) Cristae
(c) Thylakoids
(d) Leucoplast

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


23 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

37. Chromosomes are only visible during ………..


(a) Cell replication
(b) Cell division
(c) Centrioles
(d) Lysosomes
38. Which organelles are involved in protein synthesis?
a) Mitochondria
b) Lysosomes
c) Ribosomes
d) Cytoplasm
39. Which organelles are involved in energy production?
a) Mitochondria
b) Lysosomes
c) Ribosomes
d) Nucleus
40. Nucleus is bounded by a double membrane known as……
a) Nucleoplasm
b) Nuclear envelop
c) Nucleolus
d) Nucleotide
41. Chromosomes are composed of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and……..
a) Proteins
b) Lipids
c) Compounds
d) Vesicles
42. Ribosomes are the sites of ………….synthesis.
a) Lipid
b) DNA
c) Protein
d) All of the above
43. How many types of plastids are……..
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
44. Function of chloroplast is……….
a) Photosynthesis
b) DNA formation

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


24 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

c) ATP formation
d) Protein synthesis
45. The types of plastid that are colorless are called………
a) Chromoplast
b) Leucoplast
c) Chloroplast
d) Both (a) and (b)
46. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in ………
a) Lipid metabolism
b) Transfer of materials
c) Detoxification of the harmful chemicals
d) All of the above
47. The solution that has relatively more solute is called…..
a) Hypotonic solution
b) Isotonic solution
c) Hypertonic solution
d) None of the above
48. The solution that has relatively less solute is called…..
a) Hypertonic solution
b) Hypotonic solution
c) Isotonic solution
d) Aqueous solution
49. The process in which a cell takes in liquid in the form of droplets called……
a) Phagocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Cellular eating
d) All of the above
50. Cardiac muscles are present in the walls of:
a) Kidney
b) Heart
c) Liver
d) Mouth
51. Smooth muscles are present in the walls of:
a) Alimentary canal
b) Urinary bladder
c) Blood vessels
d) All of these
52. Epidermal tissue contain:
a) Stomata
b) Root hairs

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25 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

c) Ability to divide
d) Both (a) and (b)
53. What are the most abundant cells in plants?
a) Collenchyma cells
b) Parenchyma cells
c) Sclerenchyma cells
d) Xylem
54. The tissues are located at the tips of roots and shoots:
a) Apical meristem
b) Lateral meristem
c) Cork cambium
d) Cortex
55. The tissues are composed of cells, which have the ability to divide called:
a) Simple tissue
b) Compound tissue
c) Meristem tissue
d) Permanent tissue
56. Nervous tissue found in:
a) Brain
b) Spinal cord
c) Nerves
d) All of these

B.Fill in the Blanks (Pg#90,91)


1. Magnified
2. Two
3. Objective
4. Higher-resolution
5. Cellulose
6. Double
7. Passive
8. Plasmolysis
9. Facilitated diffusion
10. Triplets

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26 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

SHORT QUESTION AND ANSWERS (Pg# 91)


Q1) Why mitochondria is also called power house of cell?
Ans: Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration. During aerobic respiration energy is
produced in the form of ATP. Therefore the mitochondria is also called “Power house” of cell.
Q2) Why iodine used to stain the onion peel?
Ans: Iodine is often used to stain onion cells before microscopic examination to enhance the
visibility of the cells. It is used in staining cells of an onion peel on the slide due to following
reason.
 Onion bulb is made up of scaly leaves which store starch granules in their cytoplasm of
the cells.
 Iodine binds to starch in the granules and develops blue black colour.
 This procedure of staining onion cells with iodine makes the onion cells visible clearly.
It also confirms the fact that onion stores reserve food materia in the form of starch.

Q3) How electron microscope is different from simple compound microscope?

 Compound microscopes use glass lenses, while electron microscopes use


electromagnetic lenses.
 Compound microscopes form images due to the absorption of light, while electron
microscopes form images due to the dispersion of electrons.
 Compound microscopes have low magnification in comparison to electron microscopes.
 Compound microscopes use the light of wavelengths between 400nm – 700nm, while
electron microscopes use a low wavelength produced by electrons of around 1nm.

Q4) Why cell membrane is semipermeable in nature?


Ans: Plants and animals are made up of cells. It is here that we find the most common
example of a semipermeable membrane in action- a process called Osmosis. Cells are
surrounded by membranes. These membranes are made up of phospholipids and protein.
Q5) How facilitated diffusion is different from active transport?
Ans: Diffusion is the movement of substsance from a region of higher concentration to lower
concentration. It is therefore said to occur down a concentration gradient. Diffusion is a
passive process which means it does not require any energy input. It can occur across a living
or non-living membrane and can occur in a liquid or gas medium.

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27 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Q6) Why cell is considered as the structural and functional unit of living things?

Ans: Cell as structural unit:


(i) All living organisms are composed of cells.
(ii) All basic functional activities, characteristics of living things occur in the cell.
(iii) Therefore, cell is a unit of function of all living organisms.
Cells as a functional unit:
(i) Cells have to perform different functions.
(ii) All basic functional activities, characteristics of living things occur in the cell.
(iii) Therefore, cell is a unit of function of all living organisms.

DETAILED QUESTION- ANSWERS (Pg#91)


Q1) Describe structure and function of nucleus with the help of diagram.

Ans: Nucleus: The nucleus is the Largest organelle in the cell and contains the entire
cell’s genetic information in the form of DNA.

Structure of Nucleus: The presence of a nucleus is the primary factor that


distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes. Its structure consists of the following important parts:

The nuclear membrane: This is an aspect of the nucleus that differentiates eukaryotic
cells from prokaryotic cells. It is a structure of double layers. Moreover, it contains
phospholipids.This forms the lipid bilayer nucleus envelope. Also, it contains nuclear pores.
Nuclear pores are made up of proteins and through them, substances enter and exit the cell.

Nucleoplasm: It is a type of protoplasm, it consists of enzymes, organic molecules, and


dissolved salts.It contains nucleoli and a network of thread like structures called chromatin
network. The genetic material is found in chromatin network.

Nucleolus: In nucleus an aggregation of RNA is also present called nucleolus. It is a small


rounded body. It has no membrane.

Chromosomes: They are large , elongated and thread like structures. They are composed
of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and protein. The number of chromosomes in the cells of all
individuals of the same species always remains the same.

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28 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Nucleus Functions:

Nucleus performs many important functions. They are as follows:

 Nucleus helps in maintaining the security of the genes

 It controls the functions of the cell by regulating gene expression

 It controls the hereditary traits of the organism

 Furthermore, it stores DNA strands and proteins

 The nucleus is the site of RNA transcription

 It governs gene expression and also facilitates DNA replication.

 It also controls the synthesis of enzymes.

Q2) What is microscope? Describe types of microscopes.

Ans: MICROSCOPE: Microscopes are instruments designed to produce magnified


visual or photographic images of objects too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Types of Microscope: There are two types of microscope used in microscopy.


(i) Light microscope (LM) (ii) Electron microscope (EM)

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29 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

(i)Light Microscope: In a light microscope, visible light passes through the


specimen. The magnification of a light microscope is formed by using a mixture of the powers
of the eye piece and the objective lens.

(ii)Electron Microscope: Electron microscopes are different from light microscopes,


they have electrons instead of visible light to illuminate the object. Electromagnets function as
lenses in the electron microscope, and the whole system operates in a vacuum. Since
electrons have a very short wavelength, the resolving power of electron microscopes is very
high and produces a high-resolution image. Electron microscopes are used for detailed
investigation of the ultrastructure of a wide range of biological and inorganic specimens. A live
cell cannot be imaged by electron microscope.
Electron microscope has a resolution as small as 0.2(nm) and magnification upto 250,000
times.
There are two major types of electron microscopes.

1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

(a) Scannning electron microscopy (SEM): In scanning electron


microscopy, a beam of electrons moves back and forth across the surface of a cell or
tissues, creating a detailed image of the 3D surface.

(b) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM): Transmission electron


microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted
through a specimen to form an image. It is often used to obtain detailed images of the
internal structures of cells.

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30 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Q3) Describe fluid mosaic model of cell membrane also draw the diagram.

Ans: Fluid Mosaic Model: S.J Singer and G.LNicolson proposed the Fluid Mosaic
Model of the cell membrane in 1972. This model describes that phospholipids acting like
matrix and conjugated glycoproteins may float freely in this matrix.

The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane describes how the membrane is fluid, flexible
and made of many different components or macromolecules.This structure allows for the
membrane to move with the cell and perform various functions, such as osmosis, diffusion,
transport of nutrients into the cell, processes of ingestion and secretion.

Q4) Distinguish between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell.

Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell


1. They are always unicellular. They are unicellular as well as
multicellular.
2. Mitochondria is absent. Mitochondria is present.

3. Reproduction in prokaryotes is Reproduction is sexual and asexual


Asexual. both.
4. DNA arrangement is circular. DNA arrangement is linear.

5. Example: Bacteria and Example: Plant and Animal cell.


Archaea.

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31 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Q5) Distinguish between Mitochondria and chloroplast in the tabulated form.

Mitochondria Chloroplast
1. Mitochondria is bean- Chloroplast is Disc-shaped.
shaped.
2. It is known as the power Larger and much more complex
house of the cell, it is than a mitochondrion, it is the site
responsible for energy where photosynthesis takes place.
metabolism and cellular
respiration.
3. It is a colorless organelle. It is green in color.
4. Mitochondria consumes Chloroplast releases oxygen.
oxygen.

Q6) Distinguish between Lysosome and Ribosomes in the tabulated form.

Lysosome Ribosomes
1. Membrane-enclosed Macromolecules, not enclosed by
organelle. a membrane.
2. Found only in eukaryotic cells. Found in eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells.
3. Composed of rRNA and Composed of membrane proteins
ribosomal proteins. and digestive enzymes.
4. Plays a key role in intracellular Plays a key role in synthesis of
digestion and destruction of proteins and translation of
dead cells mRNAs.

DEFINITIONS (Pg#91)
1. Exocytosis: Exocytosis is the process by which cells excrete waste and other
large molecules from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior.

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32 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

2. Vesicles: They are small, membrane-bound spherical sacs which


facilitate the metabolism, transport and storage of molecules.
3. Cartilage: Cartilage is a type of supporting connective tissue, provides structural
support and protection for the body’s joints.
4. Nucleoplasm: The nucleus contains a substance called the nucleoplasm which
suspends structures within the nuclear membrane.
5. Cyclosis: The circulation of cytoplasm or cell organelles, such as food vacuoles in
some protozoans.
6. Plasmolysis: The process of contraction or shrinkage of the protoplasm of a plant
cell and is caused due to the loss of water in the cell.
7. Resolution: It is defined as the smallest distance between two points on a
specimen that can still be distinguished as two separate objects.
8. Tissues: A tissue is defined as a group of similar cells that possess a similar
structure and perform a specific function.
9. Magnification: Magnification is the means of increasing size of the object.
OR
Enlargement of an image is called magnification, by combining a number of lenses.

10.Cisternae: Cisternae are long flattened and sac like structures that are arranged
parallelly in bundles inside the endoplasmic reticulum that consists of numerous
macromolecules and small granules.

EXTRA QUESTIONS
Q1) What is microscopy? And who discoverd the first microscope?
Ans: The use of microscope is known as microscopy. The first compound microscope was
developed by Zacharias Janssen, in Holland in 1595. It was simply a tube with lenses at each
end and its magnification ranges from 3X to 9X
Q2) What is meant by resolving power of a microscope? Also define transmiddion
electron microscope.
Ans: Resolution or resolving power is the minimum distance at which two objects can be seen
as separate objects.

Transmission Electron Microscope: In transmission electron microscope


electrons are transmitted through the specimen. It is used to study the internal cell structure.

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33 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Q3) What is cell?

Ans: CELL: All living organisms are composed of cells. It is the basic structural and
functional unit of life. It is a set of organelles made up of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and
nucleic acids.
Q4) Who discovered the cell and how?
Ans: Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665. He observed a piece of cork under a compound
microscope and noticed minute structures reminiscent of small rooms. Consequently, he
named his discovery “cells.”

Q5) What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?


Ans: It is a network of interconnected channels that extends from cell membrane to the
nuclear envelope. RER serves a function in protein synthesis while SER involved in lipid
metabolism and in the transport of materials from one part of the cell to the other.
Q6) What are the cell organelles?

Ans: Cell organelles: These are the small structures with in cells that perform
dedicated functions. There are about a dozen of organelles found in eukaryotic cells.
Q7) Name the types of animal tissues.

Ans: ANIMAL TISSUES: Humans and other large multicellular animals are made up of
four basic type of tissues.
(i) Epithelial tissues
(ii) Connective tissue
(iii) Muscular tissue
(iv) Nervous tissue
Q8) Describe the composition and function of cytoplasm.

Ans: Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is the jelly like substance that fills the cell. It consists of
up to 90% water. It also contains dissolved nutrients and waste products.

Function: Its main function is to hold together the organelles which make up the
cytoplasm. It also nourishes the cell by supplying it with salts and sugars and provides a
medium for metabolic reactions to occur.
Q9) Write principles of cell theory OR write salient features of cell theory.

Ans: Principles of cell theory:

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34 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.


2. Cells are the smallest living unit. It is basic unit of organization of all living organisms.
3. New cells come into existence by the division of previous or pre-existing cells.
Q10) Differentiate between resolution and magnification.

Resolution Magnification
1. Resolution is the capacity to Magnification is the means of
separate adjacent objects. increasing size of the object.
2. Resolution is maintained upto By increasing magnification
certain magnification. resolution is disturbed.
3. Resolution improves with the Magnification improves with the
wave length of light. focal length of light.

Q11) Write the difference between light and electron microscope.

Light Microscope Electron Microscope


1. These microscopes use visible These microscopes use a beam of
light as the source of electrons as a source of
illumination. illumination.
2. Light microscope use glass It uses electromagnetic lenses
lenses for magnification. instead of glass lenses.
3. The image of the specimen is The image can not focus into
projected into the human eye. human eye.
4. It achieves a resolution above It achieves a resolution of about
0.2m. 0.2nm, thousand times improved
than a light microscope.

Q12) Compare the difference between Plant and animal cell.

Plant cell Animal cell


1. Have a rigid cellulose cell No cell wall.
wall.
2. Large central vacuole Few vacuoles (if any)
filled with cell sap in
mature cells

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35 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

3. Plant cells are Animal cells are round.


rectangular.
4. Plant cells are Animal cells are heterotrophic.
autotrophic.
5. Nucleus is present and Nucleus is present and lies in the
lies on one side of the centre of the cell.
cell.

Q13) What are Plastids and its types.

Ans: Plastids: Plastids are large cytoplasmic and major organelles found in the cells of
plants and algae. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical
compounds used by the cell. Plastids often contain pigments used in photosynthesis, and the
types of pigments present can change or determine the cells colour. There are three different
types of plastids:

(i) Chloroplast (ii) Chromoplasts (iii) Leucoplast

(I) Chloroplast: It is a type of plastid bound by a double membrane. It is found in plant


cells. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotes. They contain chlorophyll, the
green pigment necessary for photosynthesis.

(II) Chromoplasts: They have coloured pigments other than green such as red,orange
or yellow. These are present in the petals of the flower, in the ripened fruit pigments or
autumn leaves.

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36 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

(III) Leucoplast: They are colourless, triangular and tabular or of any other shape
plastids. They are found in the cells of underground parts of plants

Q14) How does movement across the cell membrane occur?

Ans: Movement Across the Membrane:

Movement of substances across cell membrane is necessary as it allows cells to


acquire oxygen and nutrients, excrete waste products and control the contraction of required
substances in the cell (e.g oxygen,water,hormones,ions etc). This movement occurs by
diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Diffusion: Diffusion is the net movement of a substance from an area of higher


concentration to the area of lower concentration i.e., along concentration gradient.
Diffusion is a passive process which means it does not require any energy input. It can occur
across a living or non-living membrane and can occur in a liquidor gas medium. Examples
diffusion of carbondioxide, oxygen, water and other small molecules that are able to dissolve
within lipid bilayer.

Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a


solution of lesser solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration.It is also a
passive process and does not require any energy input. Cell membranes allow molecules of
water to pass through, but they do not allow molecules of most dissolved substances, e.g. salt
and sugar, to pass through it.

Facilitated diffusion: It is a type of passive transport in which molecules are taken


into or out of the cells with the help of transport proteins present in cell membranes. There is
no expenditure of energy in this process.

Active transport: Active transport is the movement of molecules from an area of lower
concentration to the area of higher concentration. This movement against the concentration
gradient requires energy in the form of ATP.
Q15) Describe different types of Animal Tissues.

Animal Tissues: Animal tissues are of the four major types:


(1) Epithelial Tissues:

Location: Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and lines organs’ and cavities.

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37 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Structure: The cells in this type of tissue are very closely packed together.

Types: This tissue has many types on the basis of the shape of cells as well as the number
of cell layers:

(i) Squamous Epithelium:

Structure: It consists of a single layer of flat cells.

Location: These are found in lungs, heart and blood vessels etc. Stratified

Function: They allow the squamous epithelium movement of materials across it.

(ii) Cuboidal Epithelium:

Structure: It consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells.

Location: These are found in kidney tubes Columnar epithelium in animals and small
glands.

Function: It makes secretions.

(iii) Columnar epithelium:

Structure: It consists of single layer of elongated cells.

Location: They are found in alimentary canal and gallbladder etc.

Function: It causes enzyme secretions.

(iv) Ciliated Columnar Epithelium:

Structure: They are elongated cells with cilia.

Location: These are found in trachea and bronchi.

Function: It propels mucous by ciliary action.

(v) Stratified Squamous Epithelium:

Structure: It consists of many layers of flat cells.

Location: These are found in the lining of esophagus, mouth and also the skin.

Function: It protects the inner parts.

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38 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

(2) Connective Tissues: As the name shows, connective tissues serves a “connecting”
function.

Function: It supports and binds other tissues. Unlike epithelial tissue, connective tissue has
cells scattered throughout an extracellular matrix.

Example: Common examples of this tissue are:

(i) Cartilage: (found around the ends of bones, in external ear, nose, trachea etc.),

(ii) Bones: (hard connective tissue)

(iii) The adipose tissue: It is found around kidneys, under skin, in abdomen etc. It
provides energy and support to the organs.

(iv) Blood: Blood is special type called semifluid connective tissue

(3) Muscle Tissue:

Structure: Muscle tissue consists of bundles of long cells called muscle fibers.

Function: The cells of this tissue have ability to contract.

Types: They are of three types

(i) Skeletal Muscles:

Structure: Their cells are striated (striped).

Location: They are found attached to bones.

Function: They are responsible for the movements of bones. They are voluntary in action
i,e. Their contraction is under the control of our will.

(ii) Smooth Muscles:

Structure: They contain non-striated cells, each contains a single nucleus. They are
involuntary in action i.e their contraction is not under the control of our will.

Location: They are found in the walls of alimentary canal, urinary bladder and blood
vessels.

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39 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Function: These are responsible for the movement of substances.

(4) Cardiac Muscles:

Structure: Their cells are also striated. There is a single nucleus in each cell.

Location: They are found in the walls of the heart.

Function: They produce heart beat‫۔‬

(5) Nervous Tissues:

Structure: This tissue is mainly composed of nerve cells or neurons which are specialized
to conduct messages in the form of nerve impulses.

Location: They are found in nerves, spinal cord and brain.

Function: They are responsible for communication among body parts.


Q16) Describe the different types of plant tissues.

Plant Tissues: These are of two types of plant tissues:


1. Simple Tissues 2. Compound Tissues

1) Simple Tissues:

Definition: The tissues which are made of single type of cells are called simple tissues.

Types: They are further divided in the following types.


(i) Meristematic tissues

(ii) Permanent tissues

1.Meristematic Tissues: These tissues are composed of cells which have ability to
divide.

Characteristics:

 Cells are thin walled.


 Having large nucleus
 Small vacuole or no vacuole.
 No inter-cellular spaces present in them.

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40 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Types: There are two main types of meristematic tissues:

(i) Apical Meristems:


 They are located at the apices or tips of roots and shoot, when they divide.
 They cause increase in the length of plant, such a growth is called primary growth.

(ii) Lateral Meristems:

Location: They are located on the lateral sides of roots and shoots.

Function: By dividing they are responsible for increase in growth of plant part, such a
growth is called secondary growth.

2.Permanent Tissues: Permanent tissues originate from meristematic tissues.These


tissues are composed of cells, which do not have the ability to divide.

Types of Permanent Tissues: These are of the following types:

(a) Epidermal tissues: Epidermal tissues are composed of a single layer of cells and
they cover plant body.

Functions: They act as a barrier between the internal plant tissues and the environment.
They are also responsible for the absorption of water and minerals in roots. On stem and
leaves they secrete cutin which prevents evaporation.

Epidermal tissues also have some specialized cells that perform specific functions; for
example root hairs and stomata.

(b) Ground Tissues:They are simple tissues made up of parenchyma cells.They are
spherical.

Functions:
 They have thin primary cell walls and have large vacuoles for storage of food.
 In the leaves, they have sites of photosynthesis and in Epidermal tissue.
 In other parts, they are the sites for respiration and protein synthesis.
(c) Supporting Tissues:These tissues provide strength and flexibility to the plants.
They are of two types:

(a) Collenchyma Tissues:

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41 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

 They are found just beneath the epidermis in the cortex of young
herbaceous stems and in the midribs of leaves and in petals of flowers.

Structure: They are made of elongated cells with unevenly thickened primary cell walls.
They are flexible.

Function: Their function is to support the organs in which they are found.

(b) Sclerenchyma Tissues:


 They are composed of cells with rigid secondary cell walls.
 Their cell walls are hardened with lignin, which is the main chemical component of
wood.
 Mature sclerenchyma cells cannot elongate and most of them are dead.

(b) Compound (Complex) Tissues: A plant tissues composed of more than one type of
cells performing a common function is called compound or complex tissues e.g xylem and
phloem tissues.

(i) Xylem Tissue:

Functions:
 Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved substances from
roots to aerial parts.
 They provide support to plant body because of presence of lignin in its secondary cell
walls.
 Lignin makes these walls thick and rigid.

Two main types of cells are found in xylem tissues i.e. vessel and tracheids.

(i) Vessels:
 Vessel elements have thick secondary cell walls.
 They lack end walls and join together to form long tubes.
(ii) Tracheids: These are slender cells with overlapping ends.

(ii)Phloem Tissue:

Functions:
 They are responsible for the conduction of dissolved organic matter (food) between

different parts of plant body.

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42 Chapter#4:Cells and Tissues

Following types of cells are found in phloem tissues.

(i) Sieve tube cells: These are long cells and their end walls have small pores
called sieve plates. Many sieve tube cells join to form long sieve tubes.

(ii) Companion Cells: Companion cells make proteins for sieve tube cells.

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


43 Chapter#3: Biodiversity
MODEL PAPER

MODEL PAPER
BIOLOGY THEORY PAPER-I
CLASS PRE-IX (SCIENCE GROUP)
Time: 45 Minutes (Marks 20)
SECTION “A”

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ’S) (04 Marks)


NOTE: (i) Attempt all the Questions of this Section.
(ii) Do not copy down the part questions. Write only the answer against proper
number of the Question and its part according to the question paper.
(iii) Each question carries 0.5 Marks.

1. Choose the correct Answer for each from the given question

i. Binomial nomenclature method was first time introduced by:


(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Carolus Linnaeus
(c) Alexander Fleming
(d) Ibn-e-Sina
ii. Who introduced the five-kingdom classification system?
(a) Margulis
(b) Schwartz
(c) Margulis and Schwartz
(d) Robert Whittaker
iii. Biodiversity describes :
(a) Variety among the species exist on the earth
(b) Variety within the species exist on the earth
(c) Variety within or among the species exist on the earth
(d) None of these
iv. The science of classification is called:
(a) Morphology
(b) Taxonomy
(c) Cytology
(d) Biodiversity
v. It is the degree of variation within or among the species exists on the different regions
of the earth:

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44 Chapter#3: Biodiversity
MODEL PAPER
(a) Classification
(b) Population
(c) Biodiversity
(d) Phylum
vi. Cutting down trees for the conversion of forest to non-forest land:
(a) Vulnerable
(b) Protista
(c) Genus
(d) Deforestation
vii. The smallest and basic unit of classification is:
(a) Kingdom
(b) Phylum
(c) Species
(d) Class
viii.Fungi have a body called:
(a) Mycelium
(b) Hyphae
(c) Chitin
(d) Cellulose

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


45 Chapter#3: Biodiversity
MODEL PAPER
SECTION “B”
(SHORT ANSWER & QUESTION) (08 Marks)

Note: Answer any four (04) questions from this section. Each question
carries 02 marks.

Q2) Why scientific naming is necessary?

Q3) Why virus is not placed in any kingdom?

Q4) Define the following terms:

(i)Mycelium (ii) Species (iii)Analogous structure

Q5) What is Biodiversity? Describe the importance of biodiversity.

Q6) What is binomial nomenclature?

Q7) Why amoeba is not placed in animal kingdom?

Q8) Describe some reasons or factors to conserve biodiversity.

SECTION “C”
(DESCRIPTIVE ANSWERS & QUESTIONS) (08 Marks)

Note: Attempt any 02 question from this section.


Each question carries 04 Marks.
Q9) Describe in detail five kingdom classification.

Q10) What is taxonomic hierarchy? Explain units and aims of classification.

Q11) What are the principles of binomial nomenclature?

Q12) How living organisms are classified into three kingdoms, explain with the help of flow

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


46 Chapter#4: Cells and Tissues
MODEL PAPER

MODEL PAPER
BIOLOGY THEORY PAPER-I
CLASS PRE-IX (SCIENCE GROUP)
Time: 45 Minutes (Marks 20)
SECTION “A”

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ’S) (04 Marks)


NOTE: (i) Attempt all the Questions of this Section.
(ii) Do not copy down the part questions. Write only the answer against proper
number of the Question and its part according to the question paper.
(iii) Each question carries 0.5 Marks.

2. Choose the correct Answer for each from the given question
3.
i. Cells were first described by a British scientist:
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Leeuwenhoek
(c) Schleiden
(d) Schwann
ii. Who proposed that all living cells arise from pre-existing cells?
(a) Robert Brown
(b) Rudolf Virchow
(c) Loius Pasteur
(d) Leeuwenhoek
iii. All are postulates of cell theory except
(a) New cell is derived from pre-existing cells
(b) Cell does not contain the hereditary material
(c) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
(d) Cell is the fundamental unit of life
iv. Secondary wall is made up of
(a) Pectin and cellulose
(b) Cellulose and protein
(c) Cellulose and lignin
(d) Lignin and pectin
v. A group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function called
(a) Community

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


47 Chapter#4: Cells and Tissues
MODEL PAPER
(b) Tissue
(c) Organ
(d) Biosphere
vi. What is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
(a) Aerobic respiration
(b) Intracellular digestion
(c) Synthesis of steroids
(d) Synthesis of protein
vii. Cell membrane is mainly composed of:
(a) Protein
(b) Lipids
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) All of the above
viii.The powerhouse of cell:
(a) Endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Plastids
(d) Chloroplast

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


48 Chapter#4: Cells and Tissues
MODEL PAPER
SECTION “B”
(SHORT ANSWER & QUESTION) (08 Marks)

Note: Answer any four (04) questions from this section. Each question
carries 02 marks.

Q2) Why mitochondria is also called power house of cell?


Q3) Why cell membrane is semipermeable in nature?

Q4) Why cell is considered as structural and functional unit of living things?

Q5) Name the types of animal tissues.

Q6) Distingusih between Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Q7) What is cell? And who discovered the cell?

Q8) What are the principles or postulates of cell theory.

SECTION “C”
(DESCRIPTIVE ANSWERS & QUESTIONS) (08 Marks)

Note: Attempt any 02 question from this section.


Each question carries 04 Marks.
Q9) Describe structure and function of nucleus with the help of diagram.

Q10) What is fluid mosaic model of cell membrane?

Q11) Describe different types of animal tissues.

Q12) What is microscope? Describe different types of microscopes.

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX


49 Chapter#4: Cells and Tissues
MODEL PAPER

Subject:Biology Dar e Arqam Schools Karachi Region Cscdcddlass IX

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