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Is CH04

System analysis and design

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22 views11 pages

Is CH04

System analysis and design

Uploaded by

khaledmamdooh77
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

OF OBJECT-ORIENTED
SYSTEMS
DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 1


Object-oriented systems
• Focus on capturing the structure and behavior of
information systems in little modules that encompass
both data and process.
- Modules are known as objects.
- A class is the general template we use to define and create
specific instances, or objects.
- Every object is associated with a class.

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 2


Example: Class and Objects
Clas
s:

Objects:

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 3


Objects
• Each object has attributes that describe information about the
object.
- Example:
◦ patient’s name, birth date, address, and phone number.
- Attributes are also used to represent relationships between
objects.
◦ Example: department attribute in an employee object with a value of a department object.
- The state of an object is defined by the value of its attributes and
its relationships with other objects at a particular point in time.
◦ a patient might have a state of new or current or former.

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 4


Objects …
• Each object also has behaviors.
• The behaviors specify what the object can do.
- Example,
◦ an appointment object can probably schedule a new appointment, delete an
appointment, and locate the next available appointment.
- In object-oriented programming, behaviors are implemented
as methods.

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 5


Methods and Messages
• Methods implement an object’s behavior.
• A method is nothing more than an action that an object can
perform.
• Messages are information sent to objects to trigger methods.
• A message is essentially a function or procedure call from one
object to another object.
- Example:
◦ patient is new to the doctor’s office, the receptionist sends a create message to the application.
◦ The patient class receives the create message and executes its create() method which then
creates a new object: aPatient

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 6


Methods and Messages …

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 7


Encapsulation and Information
Hiding
• Encapsulation
- The combination of process and data into a single entity.
- a user cannot ask for data directly.
- Private attributes and public set ang get methods.
• Information hiding
- the information required to be passed to the module and the
information returned from the module are published to the user.
-

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 8


Inheritance
• Classes are arranged in a hierarchy whereby the
superclasses, or general classes, are at the top and the
subclasses, or specific classes, are at the bottom.
• Common sets of attributes and methods can be
organized into superclasses.
• The relationship between the class and its superclass
is known as the a-kind-of relationship.
• Each subclass contains attributes and methods from
its parent superclass.

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 9


Inheritance …
• Concrete class
- Any class that has instances.
• Abstract classes
- Do not produce instances
because they are used merely
as templates for other, more-
specific classes.

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 10


Polymorphism
• The same message can be
interpreted differently by
different classes of objects.
• Polymorphism is tightly
coupled to inheritance.

03/20/2021 INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN | DR. AHMED ALSHAMERI 11

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