SA CHA MY TNH BNG PHN TCH BIU

LI MOTHERBOARD, RAM, CPU

GVHD: SVTH:

Phan Thanh Ton Lu Vn Qun 08119042

MOTHER, RAM, CPU FAILURE

Do you get a live screen? A message saying "No Video Signal" or anything similar doesn't count as a live screen in this case. You need to get at least as far as a BIOS screen, either the system BIOS or an adapter BIOS loading. Does the system power up? Do you hear any beeps, drives spinning up, fans, etc. If the power isn't coming on, proceed to Power Supply Failure. If the power supply diagnostics sent you back here, follow through these diagnostics as a double-check before giving up on the motherboard. If you haven't performed the Video Failure diagnostics for a dead screen yet, do so now. Don't ignore the obvious steps, like checking the power cord and the outlet. If you skip the video diagnostics and continue with the motherboard flowchart, you could easily end up buying replacement parts for hardware that's not bad. One of the most common failures following motherboard or RAM upgrades is improper insertion of memory modules. The levers should be lowered before inserting the memory module, and should raise themselves up and lock in place when the module is correctly seated. If you're using obsolete RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) memory, the modules in a bank must be matched, and you must install CRIMMs (Continuity RIMMs) in the empty sockets. If you're using older SIMM (Single Inline Memory Modules), each bank needs a matched pair. In both cases, matched doesn't just mean capacity and speed, it also means manufacturer. There are a number of reasons for a system with a good power supply to refuse to power up which were covered in the power supply diagnostics. Another reason is a failed CPU insertion, whether it's a slot or socket CPU. With good lighting, using a flashlight if necessary, make sure that any socket CPU is sitting dead flat in the socket, which means that the heatsink should be perfectly parallel to the motherboard surface; the CPU may be so totally hidden beneath some heatsinks that you can't see the edges. This problem should really only be relevant if you just upgraded your CPU or installed a new motherboard, because the CPU socket locks the CPU in firmly and the heatsink adds another level of clamping. If a socket CPU is a new install, you have to remove the heatsink and CPU to visually inspect it for damage such as crushed or bent legs. A CPU will not seat correctly if the socket locking arm wasn't raised all the way up before the CPU was inserted, or wasn't lowered all the way down after. If your CPU won't sit down in the socket properly, either the socket is faulty or you have the wrong CPU for the motherboard! I haven't seen a CPU creep out of a socket due to thermal shock for over a decade. It's pretty tough to tell if old slot type CPUs are seated by visual inspection, so when in doubt, I reseat them. On the plus side, you can remove and reseat a slot CPU without

removing the heatsink, since they form an integral unit. Make sure you correctly identify release levers on a slot CPU package, which are normally located at the top of the CPU package, to the inside of the motherboard support structure. A stone dead CPU is another reason for a system to fail. All modern CPUs require a heatsink, and most of these are an active heatsink, with a fan on top. You may encounter a heatsink without a fan in mass-manufactured brand-name systems where the manufacturer had the engineering talent in-house to do a thorough thermal analysis and determined that the airflow over a passive finned heatsink was enough to keep the CPU within the operating temperature range. When there is a fan on the heatsink, it must be hooked up to the correct power point on the motherboard for the BIOS to monitor its condition and turn it off and on. If you just installed a new CPU and powered the system up with no heatsink, it may have failed already. If the fan on your active heatsink isn't spinning up, replace it and hope for the best. Make sure you see the new heatsink fan operating since it could be the power point on the motherboard that's failed. If you have a system that powers up, the next question is, do you hear any beeps coming from the motherboard speaker. If your motherboard doesn't have an integrated piezoelectric speaker but does have a speaker connection next to the power and reset connections (usually the front, left-hand corner of the motherboard) attach a case speaker. If you hear an unending string of beeps, it's often bad RAM, while a repeated sequence can be RAM or video. Other beep codes have been largely abandoned since they pertained to non-user replaceable surface mount components. Beeps or no beeps, I always reseat the video adapter and the RAM, paying special attention to the locking levers on the memory sockets Are your motherboard settings on the defaults? Whether you just put in a new motherboard or have been fooling around with overclocking, restore the default settings. This is often accomplished with a single jumper or switch setting, but sometimes it involves moving several jumpers or switches. Get the default values from the motherboard documentation. If you can't find the original manual or locate the equivalent documentation on the Internet, you may have to skip this procedure. Sometimes, the silk screens on the motherboard are sufficiently detailed to work out the defaults, but you need really good eyes to figure it out. Although we're repeating a little of the power supply diagnostics here, stripping down the system is the next step in a "no power-up" scenario. Unplug the power cord before each change in the case. Disconnect drives, one at a time, reconnecting power and trying power up after each. Next start removing adapters, saving the video adapter for last, reconnecting power and retrying after each change to ensure you discover which component is causing the failure.

Running the motherboard without a case is a common technique used by technicians to eliminate any weird grounding and shorting issues or mechanical stresses. It also makes it much easier to swap the CPU if that's required. I normally do my bench testing on top of a cardboard box, with a static free bag or foam between the bottom of the motherboard and the cardboard. You don't walk away from a test like this or you might come back to find the box on fire! If your motherboard powers up on the bench with the same power supply that you used in the case, you have a geometry problem. Ideally, you should have a spare power supply for bench testing if you're going to do regular repair and testing work. Make sure some standoffs aren't higher than others, putting unacceptable stress on the motherboard. Check that every standoff appears under a screw hole. The easiest way to be sure is to count the standoffs, count the screws, and make sure there are no screws leftover after you install the motherboard. There could be a short caused by a misplaced standoff, a loose screw, metal chips from shoddy materials. I've encountered standoff shorts that produce an endless string of beeps like RAM failure, without damaging the motherboard. There's also the possibility that the case geometry is so messed up (out of square or level when the cover is forced on) that it's putting an unacceptable mechanical stress on the motherboard resulting in an open circuit. If you can't find the cause of the problem, don't hesitate to try another case and power supply. If you still have a "no power" situation with the motherboard running out of the case, there's always the last refuge of a scoundrel. Swap in a known good CPU not forgetting to install a good heatsink and to connect the fan, even just for a quick test. I try to keep around some cheap old CPUs for this purpose, just in case the motherboard is a CPU eater. It's another good reason to leave all the motherboard settings on the default "Automatic" setting, so you don't have to fool around with them at this stage. If your old CPU is bad and the heatsink fan is dead, it's a pretty sure bet that the dead fan caused the CPU failure. If the heatsink fan is working, determining whether the CPU failure was due to poor heatsink contact, improper motherboard settings, or lousy power regulation from the motherboard is a guessing game. If the motherboard is an older make and you have a couple bucks to spare, replace the CPU and the motherboard together. Replacing just the CPU, even if the motherboard tests out OK, is kind of risky and usually tough to justify from a price/performance standpoint unless the system was practically new, say less than a half a year old. If you still have a no power situation, not to mention no beeps and no video, you're probably looking at a bad motherboard. Again, this diagnosis assumes that you went through the Video Failure diagnostics, which would have forced you through the Power Supply Failure diagnostics as well. I still wouldn't be in a hurry to take a gun to the motherboard. Get your system operating with a replacement motherboard and all the identical parts that the old motherboard failed with before you make the trash can decision.

Does the system power right up, give a happy beep or two, then freeze on the BIOS screen? This can occur on an all text screen, during or after memory count, while checking for drives, or the feared "Verifying DMI Data Pool." The problem is very likely due to a conflict, most like between the adapters but also possibly between incompatible drives sharing a bus. Strip the system down to bare-bones, just a power supply, motherboard, minimum RAM, CPU and heat sink, and video adapter. If the system no longer freezes when it's stripped down, but complains about the lack of a boot device, proceed to Conflict Resolution. Try swapping the RAM around, reordering the banks if you have more than one bank of RAM installed, or moving the only module installed to a neighboring slot. If this doesn't cure the freeze-up, and you have some suitable known good RAM from another system, try it. If the RAM currently installed doesn't meet the motherboard manufacturer specs, you shouldn't be using it; even if it seemed to work until this point. Improperly selected RAM can be the cause of problems ranging from no-boot to intermittent lock-ups. Is the RAM seated correctly and in the proper quantities (i.e., number of modules, addition of continuity modules, or CRIMMs, if you are using RIMMs). Also make sure that the system didn't use tinned (silver color) contacts against gold contacts, or the dissimilar metals will cause corrosion over time due to a constant electrical current when the power is off. Replacing RAM at this point isn't a guaranteed proposition, but it's a good item to eliminate. Don't toss out the RAM you remove because you may find out later that it's actually good. If you aren't using the default CMOS settings, try restoring them all at this point. You can usually restore these from a major CMOS menu item like "Restore Default Settings" or "BIOS Default Settings." The default settings usually put everything on autodetect and use the recommended timing for the RAM. This means if you're overclocking, stop it, at least until you get the system running again. It doesn't matter whether or not overclocking the exact same CPU or RAM in a friend's system worked without a hitch, you're exceeding the manufacturers recommendations so it's a gamble. An overheating will cause the system to quickly lock up. Remove the existing heat sink and fan, make sure that the fan is working properly AND that the geometry of the bottom of the heat sink will bring it in full contact with the exposed CPU die or the top of the CPU package. See my illustrated guide for how to replace a cpu. Apply an approved thermal grease or thermal tape before reinstalling the heat sink. Don't put on too much thermal grease or you'll just make a mess. The thermal media is only there to fill the microscopic gaps between the die surface and the heat sink. Don't improvise your thermal material, go to a computer or electronics store and buy some. Installing heat sinks can be frustrating, but this isn't a "bash away at it" process. You can damage the CPU if you start cracking the heat sink against it in an attempt to get the heasink to sit right. Be patient, study the mechanical connections, make sure you aren't hitting some poorly placed

component on the motherboard and check that your heat sink isn't so oversized it just won't fit on the particular motherboard. Make sure the fan on that heat sink spins up the second that power comes on. If it doesn't, despite being connected to the correct power point (see the motherboard manual), replace it with a new active heat sink unit. Make sure the bottom surface of the new unit will make full contact with the exposed CPU die or the top of the CPU package. The only problem with replacing an active heat sink is it may be too late for your CPU. CPUs have an unfortunate tendency to damage themselves when they overheat. Some CPUs can go into thermal runaway and destroy themselves in a matter of seconds without proper cooling.

LI MOTHERBOARD , RAM, CPU

Khng

Khng

C ln hnh?

C ng bng trn mn hnh boot

Phn tch ngun xong

C C Khng

Khng

X l li ngun

Phn tch video

ng bng c C bn Khng

X l bng motherboard

Khng

R am chnh xc , c nh C

Phn tch , x l li video Khng

Gii quyt biu xung t

Gn li Ram kha , n by gn cp , nu cn Khng

Cpu v tr phng ?

Khng Qut trn tn nhit chy ? t li cpu v tn nhit

ng bng khi trao i ram

C Kim tra im Khng Nghe ting ngun qut1, thay bp? th C

Ci t CMOS mc nh? Khng Thit lp mc nh cho BIOS

Thay Ram vi danh sch KhngThit lp mc nh C trong hng motherboard ? dn

Khi phc mc nh bng jumper v cng tc

Chy khng dng case Khng C Thay i cpu tt?

Tn nhit hot ng ?

Khng Gn tn nhit mi, kt ni qut. C th qu tr cho cpu

V tr ngn mchc , nh, thay i case

Khng Cpu h, xem in th v tn nhit thay th Motherboard h

LI MOTHERBOARD, RAM, CPU

Mn hnh ca bn c ln hay khng. Mt thng bo ni rng Khng c tn hiu video hay ci g tng t khng c tnh trong trng hp ny. Bn cn t nht l 1 mn hnh bios, hay 1 bios h thng hoc 1 b chuyn i ti bios. H thng ca bn c ln ngun hay khng? Bn c nghe thy ting bp, a quay, qut .... Nu khng ln ngun hy x l li ngun. Nu vic phn tch ngun cung cp dn bn n y. Hy kim tra li 1 ln na trc khi kim tra n motherboard. Nu mn hnh ca bn khng ln hnh v bn cha chn on li video. ng b qua cc bc nh: kim tra dy in v cm. Nu bn b qua bc chn on video v tip tc vi s motherboard, bn c th kt thc vi vic phi mua v thay th 1 linh kin phn cng cn tt. Mt trong nhng li thng gp nht sau li main v li nng cp ram l vic lp cc thanh ram khng ng cch. Trc khi lp ram phi h thp cc n by. Sau khi cc thanh ram vo v tr chnh xc th phi nng n by ln v kha li. Nu bn ang s dng 1 b nh RIMM(Rambus inline memory module) c, cc module trong 1 bank phi khp nhau, v bn phi ci t CRIMMs (Continuity RIMMS) trong 1 khe cm trng. Nu bn ang s dng SIMM (Single inline memory modules), mi bank cn 1 cp. Trong c 2 trng hp, ph hp khng c ngha ch l cng nng lc v tc , n cn c ngha l cng nh sn xut. Mt s l do 1 h thng c 1 b ngun tt m vn khng ln ngun c cp trong phn phn tch ngun. Mt l do khc l vic lp cpu sai, cho d l loi cpu slot hay socket. Vi nh sng tt, s dng n pin nu cn thit, hy m bo rng cc chn cpu nm c nh trong socket. iu c ngha l tn nhit hon ton song song vi b mt main. Nh vy cpu c th n hon ton di tn nhit khng th nhn thy cc cnh. Vn ny ch lin quan nu bn nng cp cpu hoc lp t 1 mainboard mi, v socket kha cpu rt vng v cn c s gp phn thm ca tn nhit. Nu l 1 socket mi, bn phi loi b tn nhit v kim tra thit hi trc quan nh chn c b nghin nt hoc b cong hay khng. CPU s khng c nh nu thanh kha socket khng nng cc khe ln trc khi a cpu vo, hoc khng h cc khe xung sau . Nu cpu khng c nh trong socket, c th do socket li hoc bn gn cpu sai mainboard. Trong hn 1 thp k ti cha thy cpu leo ra khi socket do sc nhit. Tht kh kh khn ni khe cm cpu l loi c nu ch qua kim tra trc quan. V vy khi khng chc chn, ti t li chng. Bn cnh , bn c th loi b v t li khe cm cpu m khng cn loi b tn nhit. Hy chc chn bn xc nh chnh xc n by th

trn 1 khi khe cm cpu, n thng nm pha trn cng ca khi cpu, bn trong cu trc h tr ca mainboard. Cpu h l 1 l do h thng b li. Tt c cc cpu hin i i hi phi c tn nhit, v hu ht trong s ny l 1 tn nhit ng, vi 1 qut trn. Bn c th gp 1 tn nhit c sn xut hng lot m khng c qut, cc nh sn xut c nhng k s ti nng lm cc phn tch su v nhit v xc nh lung khng kh trn tn nhit th ng gi cho cpu hot ng trong khong nit cho php. Khi c qut trn tn nhit, n phi c ni chnh xc n cc im ngun trn mainboard bios theo di tnh trng bt hay tt ca n. Nu bn lp t 1 cpu mi v khng h tr h thng tn nhit, n c th b li. Nu qut tn nhit ca bn khng quay, thay th n bng loi tt. Hy chc chn rng bn nhn thy qut tn nhit mi hot ng. Nu khng c th im ngun trn mainboard b li. Nu h thng ca bn ln ngun, cu hi tip theo l, bn c nghe thy ting bp pht ra t loa ca motherboard. Nu motherboard ca bn khng c loa p in tch hp nhng c mt cng kt ni loa pha sau bn cnh kt ni power v reset (thng pha trc gc tri ca motherboard) nh km 1 loa ca case. Nu bn nghe thy 1 chui bp di, thng l h ram, trong khi 1 chui lp i lp li c th do ram hoc video. Cc m bp khc phn ln b b qua k t khi ngi s dng khng th thay th cc thnh phn ngoi. Cho d c ting bp hay khng, ti lun gn li dy b chuyn i video v b nh ram, c bit ch cc n by kha trn khe cm b nh. Thit lp ca mainboard c mc nh khng? Cho d bn a vo 1 mainboard mi hoc b la vi vic p xung, khi phc li cc thit lp mc nh. Vic ny thng c thc hin vi 1 jumper hay cng tc. Nhng i khi n bao gm vic di chuyn vi jumper hay cng tc. Ly gi tr mc nh t ti liu hng dn ca motherboard. Nu bn khng th tm thy nhng hng dn ban u hoc xc nh ti liu tng ng trn internet bn c th phi b qua th tc ny. i khi tem trn motherboard y chi tit lm vic mc nh, nhng bn cn i mt tht tt c c n. Mc d chng ti ang lp i lp li mt cht v vic phn tch ngun cung cp. Tho g dn h thng l bc tip theo trong tnh hung khng ln ngun. Tho dy ngun trc mi s thay i trong case. Ngt kt ni a, kt ni li dy ngun v th bt ngun.Tip theo bt u g b cc b chuyn i, cc b chuyn i video g sau cng, kt ni li ngun v th li sau mi ln thay i m bo tm ra thnh phn b li. Chy motherboard m khng c case l 1 k thut ph bin c s dng bi cc k thut vin loi b s ni t v ngn mch khng bnh thng hay cc vn c kh

khc. N cng lm cho vic thay i cpu d dng hn. Ti thng lm cc th nghim ca mnh trn 1 hp cc tng vi 1 ti chng tnh in hoc foam (tm bt lm t nha PVC) gia motherboard v cc tng. Bn nn canh chng khi th nghim nu khng hp cc tng s bt la. Nu motherboard th nghim chy ngun bn s dng trong case bn s c 1 s vn khi to hnh. Nu bn lm cng vic sa cha hay kim tra thng xuyn. Bn nn c 1 ngun ring s dng. Hy chc chn rng 1 standoffs (cy ni di l bt vt) khng cao hn nhng ci cn li, khi gn vo motherboard khng phi chu p lc. Kim tra mi standoffs nhn thy c trong l bt vt. Cch d nht l m s vt, m s standoffs, v chc chn rng khng cn c vt st li sau khi gn motherboard. C th c 1 on b thiu do t standoffs sai v tr, c vt lng, kim loi km cht lng. C ln ti gp phi 1 standoffs ngn, n gy ra 1 chui ting bp nh b li ram, nhng khng lm hng motherboard. V cn c kh nng hnh dng ca case khng tt ( sai b rng hay cao khi np c ng li ), n to ra p lc c kh cho motherboard khin n b h mch. Nu bn khng th tm ra nguyn nhn ca vn , ng ngi th 1 ci case khc . Nu bn vn b mt ngun vi motherboard chy bn ngoi case, y chc chn l ni bn c th tm thy linh kn b h. Thay i cpu m bn bit n cn tt, thm ch ch th nghim nhanh cng ng qun gn tn nhit v kt ni qut lm mt. Ti c gi li 1 s cpu c gi r cho mc ch ny, ch trong trng hp motherboard l nguyn nhn lm h cpu. Mt l do tt ca vic gi li thit lp mc nh ca motherboard l gip bn khng phi mt cng trong bc ny. Nu cpu c v qut tn nhit ca bn b h, chc chn rng vic qut tn nhit h l nguyn nhn gy li cho cpu. Nu qut tn nhit ang hot ng, bn hy on xem cpu b li do tn nhit km, ci t motherboard khng ng, hay do motherboard cung cp nng lng cho cpu khng tt.Nu motherboard l loi c v bn c 1 cp d phng, hy thay th cpu v motherboard vi nhau. Thay th cpu, ngay c khi test motherboard ok l vic lm nguy him v kh c th chng minh cho quan im gi c/ hiu qu tr khi h thng ang cn mi (s dng t hn na nm). Nu bn vn ri vo trng hp mt ngun, khng c ting bp v khng c video, c l motherboard b h. Mt ln na gi nh rng bn i qua cc chn on li ngun cng nh khng video. Ti vn khng c vi vng cha mi nhn vo motherboard. Nu h thng ca bn c 1 motherboard thay th v mi b phn u ging motherboard c nhng vn b li th bn hy quyt nh nm n vo thng rc. H thng ln ngun, c 1 vi ting bp, sau ng im ti mn hnh bios. iu ny c th lm xut hin mt mn hnh vn bn, trong hoc sau khi tnh ton b nh, trong khi kim tra cc a, hoc Verifying DMI Data Pool. C th vn y l s xung t,

nht l gia cc b iu hp nhng cng c th gia cc a khng tng thch chia s cng bus. Bc ti tn xng sng ca h thng, n ch bao gm ngun cung cp in, motherboard, b nh Ram ti thiu, cpu, tn nhit v b iu hp video. Nu h thng khng cn b ng bng, nhng ni rng thiu mt thit b khi ng, hy bt tay vo x l xung t. Nu bn c nhiu hn mt bank Ram c ci t hy th trao i b nh Ram gia cc bank, hoc di chuyn mt module sang khe cm bn cnh. Nu h thng vn ng bng, v bn c mt s Ram tt, ph hp h thng khc, hy th n. Nu b nh Ram ang ci t khng p ng c cc thng s ca nh sn xut motherboard, bn khng nn s dng n ngay c khi dng nh n ang hot ng. Chn sai Ram c th l nguyn nhn ca nhiu vn : khi ng gin on, treo khi khi ng. B nh Ram phi c gn c nh v s lng thch hp(v d: s lng cc module , thm cc module lin tip nhau, hoc CRIMMs, nu bn ang s dng CRIMMs). Ngoi ra hy chc chn rng h thng khng c trng thic( mu bc ) s tip xc khng tt vi vng, hay cc kim loi khc nhau s c s n mn theo thi gian do c mt in th hin din lin tc khi tt ngun. Thay th Ram vo lc ny khng phi l mt xut hay. Nhng n l mt th c th loi b c. ng b cc thanh Ram bn g ra v sau ny c th bn thy n vn cn tt. Nu bn khng s dng cc thit lp mc nh cho CMOS, by gi hy c gng khi phc li. Bn thng c th khi phc li CMOS t cc trnh n nh: Restore Default Setting hay Bios Default Setting. Cc thit lp mc nh thng t tt c mi th vo ch pht hin t ng v s dng khuyn co nh thi cho Ram. iu ny c ngha l nu bn ang p xung, hy loi b n, t nht cho n khi bn c c mt h thng lm vic bnh thng. Khng quan trng vic bn c p xung chnh xc cho Ram v Cpu hay khng, h thng vn lm vic m khng cn s thc y no, y c th l mt canh bc v bn ang vt qu cc khuyn co ca nh sn xut. S qu nhit s khin h thng nhanh chng b treo. G b tn nhit v qut hin c, m bo rng qut tn nhit ang lm vic chnh xc v hnh dng ca y tn nhit s mang li cho n s tip xc chc chn vi nh cpu. Xem hng dn minh ha lm th no thay th cpu. Qut lp kem tn nhit c kim tra hoc dn bng nhit trc khi gn li b tn nhit. Khng qut qu nhiu keo tn nhit nu khng bn s lm bn n. Cc mi trng truyn nhit ch lp y cc khong trng nh gia b mt cpu v tn nhit. N khng lm bin i vt liu tn nhit ca bn, c th mua mt t ti cc ca hng my tnh, in t. Gn tn nhit c th gy bc bi nhng khng c p mnh vo n. Bn c th lm h cpu nu lm nt tn nhit, hy n lc lm tn nhit ng v tr. Hy kin nhn, nghin cu cc kt ni c kh, m bo rng bn khng nhn 1 s

thnh phn sai ch trn motherboard v kim tra xem tn nhit ca bn c qu kh hay khng, n s khng ph hp trn mt s motherboard. Hy chc chn rng qut tn nhit c in. Nu khng d c kt ni chnh xc vi ngun (xem hng dn s dng motherboard), hy thay th n bng tn nhit mi hot ng c. Hy chc chn rng b mt di ca tn nhit mi c gn kt vi pha trn cpu. Khi bn thay th tn nhit hot ng, c th qu mun cho cpu ca bn. CPU c xu hng b h hi khi qu nng. Mt s CPU c th nng ln v h hng ch trong mt vi giy khng c lm mt thch hp.