1.

A building running CSMA-CD protocol has a bandwidth of 512 Mbps and a distance of
2 kilometres, and then the minimum data size is determined in order to detect a collision.
Assume that the signal speed is 2,00,000 km/s

(A) 1000 bytes (B) 1250 bytes

(C) 1280 bytes (D) 1024 bytes

Answer: Option C
Explanation :

Bandwidth B = 512 Mbps = 512*106 bits/sec

Distance d = 2 km
Speed of signal V = 2,00,000 km/s = 2 * 105 km/s

For CSMA – CD, to detect a collision, Ttrans >= 2 *Tprop

Propagation delay Tprop = Distance/Speed of signal

= 2 km / (2*105 km/sec)
= 10-5 sec
Transmission delay Ttrans = Size of data / Bandwidth
= L / (512*106 bits/sec)
Since, Ttrans >= 2*Tprop

L = 2 * 10-5 sec * 512 * 106 bits/sec = 10240 bits = 1280 bytes

2. Calculate the latency (from the first bit sent to the last bit received) of a 10-Mbps
Ethernet with a single store-and-forward switch in the path and a packet size of 5000 bits.
Assume that each link introduces a propagation delay of 10 µs and that the switch begins
retransmitting immediately after it has finished receiving the packet.
A. 0.51 ms B. 10.02 ms C. 1.02ms D. 5.1ms

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
3. A transmission channel operates at 10 kbps bandwidth. Distance between two
Stations in the channel are 2 km. Assume that the speed of propagation of a bit is
200 m/sec. What is the frame length if stop-and-wait ARQ is used with 50% efficiency?
A. 25 KB B. 50 KB C. 100 KB D. 200 KB
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Efficiency = 1 / (1 + 2a), where a = Tp / Tt
0.5= 1/(1+2a) => a = 1/2
Therefore, (Tp )/Tt = 1/2
=>(d/v) / (L/B) = 1/2
L= 2× (2×103) / 200×10×103 => L = 25 KB

4. Suppose a 10 Mbps microwave link exists between a geostationary satellite and its base
station on Earth. The satellite takes a digital photo every minute and sends it to the base
station. Assume a propagation speed of 2.4*108 meters/sec. Let x denote the size of the
photo. What is the minimum value of x for the microwave link to be continuously
transmitting? Assume a geostationary satellite is 36,000 kilometres away from the earth's
surface.

A. 6 Mbits B. 4 Mbits C. 3 Mbits D. 5 Mbits

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
To send continuously, the transmission time should be equal to the propagation time.
Tt = 2 * Tp
Length of packet / Bandwidth = 2 * distance / velocity
Length of packet = (2 * distance * Bandwidth) / velocity
= (2 * 36000*103* 10*106)/ (2.4 * 108)
= 3 Mbits

5. Consider a 10-Mbps Ethernet LAN that has stations attached to a 205 km long coaxial
cable. Given that the transmission speed is 2.3×108 m/s in a coaxial cable, find out the
system's throughput and take the packet size as 128 bytes.
A. 2.1Mbps B. 1.1Mbps C. 0.19Mbps D. 1.20Mbps
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
In ethernet lan, efficiency=1/(1+6.44a)
a = Propagation time / Transmission time
Propagation time = distance/velocity = 205km/(2.3*108m/sec) = 0.8*10-3sec

Transmission time=L/B =128 bytes/10Mbps = 0.1*10-3sec

Efficiency= 1/(1+6.44(0.8*10-3/0.1*10-3)) =0.019
Throughput = Efficiency*BW = 0.019*10Mbps =0.19Mbps

6. A user in Ireland, connected to the internet via a 100 Mbps connection, retrieves a 250
KB web page from a server in London, where the page references three images of 500 KB
each. Assume that the one-way propagation delay is 75 ms and that the user’s access link is
the bandwidth bottleneck for this connection. Then, approximately how long does it take
for the page (including images) to appear on the user’s screen?( (for this part, you should
ignore queueing delays and transmission delays at other links in the network))
Assume all the objects are requested in a single request.

A. 150 ms B. 290 ms C. 140 ms D. 215 ms

Answer: Option D
Explanation :
Total data = 250 + 500 + 500 + 500 = 1750 KB

Total time = Response transmission time(Tres) + Propagation time(Tp).

Tres = L/B = 1750*8*103/100*106 = 140*10-3 sec

Tp = 75 * 10-3 Sec

⇒ 140*10-3 sec + 75 * 10-3 Sec = 215 ms

7. A channel has a data rate of 4 kbps and a propagation delay of 20 ms. What should be
the frame size for stop-and-wait protocol to give an efficiency of at least 50%?
A. 20 bytes B. 10 bytes C. 120 bytes D. 40 bytes
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

Bw = 4 kbps, Tp = 20ms, Efficiency = 50%

Efficiency = 1/(1+2a)
0.5 = 1/1+2a
a = 0.5
Tp/Tt = 0.5
10 ms = 0.5*L / B
10 ms*4kpbs = 0.5 L
L=20 bytes

8. Consider a 100 Mbps ethernet with a maximum distance of 400 meters. What is the
smallest packet length for which you can achieve an efficiency of 80%? Assume velocity is
equal to the speed of light.

A. 2022 bits B. 3200 bits C. 1520 bits D. None

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Given B = 100 Mbps, D = 400 meters, V = 3 * 108 m/s

⇒ T propagation = D/V = (4/3)*10-6 sec

⇒ T transmission = L/B = L/108 sec

⇒ a = T propagation / T transmission = (4/3)*10-6 / (L/108) =

⇒ Efficiency = 1/(1+2a) = 80/100, where a = T propagation / T

transmission

⇒ L / (L + 800) = ⅘

⇒ L = 3200 bits

9. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of Bandwidth 512 Mbps.
Suppose that a distance of m meters separates both hosts, and the propagation speed along
the link is 2*10^9 meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size 1kb to Host B. What will be
the distance m so that the propagation delay is equal to the transmission delay?

(A) 4 km (B) 3 km (C) 5 km (D) 2 km

Answer: Option A
Explanation

Given in, Transmission delay = Propagation delay

According to formula
L/B=m/V
m=(L/B)*V=(1024/512*106)*2*109

93. If the transmission time is 1 ms and the propagation time is 1.5 ms, what is the
efficiency of stop and wait protocol?
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.05 (C) 0.30 (D) 0.50

Answer: Option A
Explanation:

Efficiency formula is 1/1+2a, a=Tp/Tt

1/1 + 2*1.5 =1/4=0.25

10. If the packet size is 5000 bits, the rate of the channel is four kbps, and the distance
between hosts is 20 km. The speed of propagation over the transmission media is 200 m/s.
Calculate the link utilisation for stop and wait flow control mechanism.
(A) 0.61 (B) 0.63 (C) 0.62 (D) 0.64

Answer: Option C
Explanation

Tt=5000/4*103=5/4 Sec Tp=20*103/200=100 sec

Now Link utilisation = 1/1+2a { a=Tp/Tt =(100/5)*4=80}

=1/1+2*80=1/161=0.62