GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING THE

PROJECT REPORT

• Bachelor of Science (B. Sc.)

DEV BHOOMI UTTARAKHAND

UNIVERSITY
DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA
MAY, 2024

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 Contents
1. General 2
2. Arrangement of the Contents of Project Report 2
3. Project Report Preparation
3.1 Page Dimensions, Margins and Quality 2
3.2 Cover Page Title Page 3
3.3 Bonafide Certificate of Supervision 4
3.4 Abstract 5
3.5 Acknowledgements 5
3.6 Table of Contents 5
3.7 Chapters 5
3.8 Table and Figure 6
3.9 Citation of References in the Project Report 6
3.10 References 6
3.11 Appendices 7
3.12 List of Publications of the Candidate 7
3.13 Curriculum Vitae 7
4. Typing Instruction
4.1 General 8
4.2 Chapters, Sections, Sub-sections, and Paragraphs 8
5. Numbering Instructions
5.1 Page Numbering 9
5.2 Numbering of Chapters, Sections, Sub-sections 9
5.3 Numbering of Tables and Figures 9
5.4 Numbering of Equations 10

6. Project Report Submission and Binding Specifications

6.1 Submission for Evaluation 11

7. Size of Project Report 11

References on Style of Manuals 11
8.
Annexure – Specimens
I Certificate 13
II Table of Contents 14
III Certificate of Submission for Evaluation 15
IV Specimen of Final Binding - B.Sc. 16

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GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING THE PROJECT REPORT

1. GENERAL
Dev Bhoomi Uttarkhand University, Dehradun has a clear objective of preparing quality
scholars for betterment of society and nation by providing diversified education and courses
pertaining to Basic Sciences, Management, Engineering &Technology, Biotechnology,
Pharmacy, Commerce and other related area. The knowledge enhancement is necessary in above
fields to achieve prosperity and development for an individual in particular and for nation in
general. This can be achieved by motivating research in above fields and University enrolls
student for pursuit of above said aim. The research, in general, encompass the discovery of new
facts or techniques or correlation of facts already known, through analytical or experimental
approach or both, while demonstrating a quality potential as to make a definite contribution to
the advancement of knowledge useful to the society and the scholar’s ability to undertake
sustained research in future. Accordingly, a Project Report being a documented manifestation
of the above objectives, shall report, in an organized and scholarly fashion, an account of the
original research work of the scholar and present the findings in an appropriate manner
with actual accomplishments of the work plainly stated and honestly appraised.
The purpose of this manual is to provide guidelines to the B.Sc. Candidates for
preparation of the Project Report. The manual describes the general and specific requirements
related to structure of Project Report and associated contents.

2. ARRANGEMENT OF THE CONTENTS OF PROJECT REPORT

The Project Report contents should be ordered and bounded as following

1. Cover Page and Title Page

2. Bonafide Certificate
3. Abstract
4. Acknowledgements
5. Table of Contents
6. List of Tables
7. List of Figures
8. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
9. Chapters 1, 2…
10. References
11. Appendices
12. List of Publications (out of the candidate’s present work)
13. Curriculum Vitae (of the candidate)

3. PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION

3.1 Page Dimensions, Margins and Quality
• The page dimensions of the final copies of the Project Report should be 290mm x
205mm.
Standard A4 size (297mm x 210mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies. It
should have the following page margins:
Top edge : 30 to 35 mm
Bottom edge : 25 to 30mm
Left side : 35 to 40mm
Right side : 20 to 25 mm

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 • The Project Report should be prepared on good quality white paper preferably not
lower than 80 gsm.

• Tables and figures should be prepared on good quality paper preferably not lower
than 80 gsm. Tables and figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large
size figures should be photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size
before insertion.

3.2 Cover Page/ Title Page

A specimen of the cover/title page is given in the Annexure I. It carries
(a) the TITLE of the Project Report (Times New Roman, font size 20, bold, single line
spacing, all characters uppercase except the symbols and numerals if used in the title
of the Project Report; centered within the specified margin of the page).
TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT
(b) the phrase (Times New Roman, font size 14, bold, each line in the Title/Sentence mode,
single line spacing, centered within the specified margin of the page).

A Project Report
Submitted
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
(c) The name of the degree (Times New Roman, font size 20, bold, the whole line in
uppercase, centered within the specified margin of the page).

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
in
Field of Specialization
where
In (Times New Roman, font size 14, bold, both the characters lower case , centered
within the specified margin of the page).
Field of Specialization (Times New Roman, font size 16, bold, in Title
Mode, centered within the specified margin of the page).
(d) by (Times New Roman, font size 14, bold, both the characters lower case , centered
within the specified margin of the page).
by
(e) NAME OF STUDENT (Times New Roman, font size 16, bold, full name as enrolled, all
characters in Title mode case , centered within the specified margin of the page).
Name of Student

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(f) (Enrollment Number) (Times New Roman, font size 12, bold, all numerals within a pair of
small parenProject Report, underneath the name of candidate and centered within the specified
margin of the page).
(Enrollment no. xxxxxxxxx)

(g) phrase of supervision (Times New Roman, font size 12, bold, line in the Title mode,
centered within the specified margin of the page).
Under the Supervision of
(h) NAME(S) OF SUPERVISOR (Times New Roman, font size 14, full name in title mode
prefixed by Prof. or Dr. centered within the specified margin of the page, separated
symmetrically in case of two supervisors, use the next line in case of three supervisors;
brief one-line mention of the names of the institution of the supervisors).
Prof. ___________________
Affiliation of supervisor
(i) University logo (size = 25-30 mm dia)
(j) phrase for the name of Department (Times New Roman, 12/14 pts., bold, full name of
the
University Department in title mode, centered within the specified margin of the page).

to the
Department of (Name of the Department)
For example,

(k) Name of the University (Times New Roman, font size 16/14, bold, full name, all
characters upper case/Title mode, centered within the specified margin of the page).

DEV BHOOMI UTTARAKHAND UNIVERSITY,

DEHRADUN
(l) Month, Year ((Times New Roman, font size 14, bold, full name of the month in title
mode, comma, 4-digit year in Arabic, all centered within the specified margin of the
page).
May, 2024
3.3 Bonafide Certificate of Supervision
The Bonafide Certificate of Supervision of the Project Report by the supervisor(s)
shall be in
double line spacing using Times New Roman font size 12, as per the format shown in
Annexure II. The heading CERTIFICATE Times New Roman font size 14 bold in
the center should start about 60mm -70mm from the top of the page.
The certificate shall carry the supervisor’s signature in original and shall be followed by
the supervisor’s name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of
administrative nature), department and full address of the institution where the supervisor
has guided research scholar.
In case of two supervisors, the details about the signature, names, etc. mentioned above
shall be centered symmetrically within the specified margin of the page. In case of three
supervisors, the details of the third supervisor will appear in the centre underneath the
first two.

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The place and date of signature (left justified) common for all the supervisors will appear below
the signature(s) of the supervisor(s).

3.4 Abstract
Abstract should be an essay type of narration not exceeding one pages outlining the
research problem, the methodology used, a summary of the findings, possible applications
of the work. The abstract should not contain cross citations. It should be typed single
line spacing, in Times New Roman with font size 12 within the specified margin of the
page. It should begin with the heading as the title of the Project Report in title mode
centered (bold), the name of candidate (next line) centered, and then ‘ABSTRACT’
with font size 14, bold and centered. The text of abstract should begin thereafter.

3.5 Acknowledgements (optional)

Acknowledgements shall be brief and should not exceed one page when typed in single
spacing Times New Roman with font size 12 within the specified margin of the page. It
should begin with title ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Times New Roman with font
size 14 bold as heading placed in centre The signature of the candidate shall be made at
the bottom right end above his./her name typed in title case.

3.6 Table of Contents

The table of contents should list all the contents following this section. The preceding
section like the Title Page, Certificate and Acknowledgements will not find a place
amongst the items listed in the Table of Contents, but the page numbers in lower case
Roman letters shall be accounted for them. The title TABLE OF CONTENTS in
Times New Roman with size 14 bold as heading be placed in centre. One and a half
spacing should be adopted for typing the contents in a manner shown in specimen copy
of the Table Contents as given in Annexure III.

3.7 Chapters
Chapters of a Project Report may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) introduction, and
identification of problem and issues (ii) statement, formulation and presentation of the
problem, solution approach (iii) findings, results, discussion, implementation and
conclusions.

• Each part may be suitably divided into several chapters, and a chapter may be further
divided into several sections and sub-sections, sub-sub-sections.

• Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.

• Tables and figures in a chapter should be typed in title mode in single space in Time
New Roman with font size 12. The titles of tables should be placed directly above the
table whereas the titles of figures should be placed directly underneath the figure in
the very same page which refers to the contents they annotate.

• Footnotes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and placed
directly underneath in the very same page which refers to the material they annotate.

3.8 Tables and figures :

By the word Table is meant the representation of tabulated numerical as well as non-
numerical data in the body of the Project Report and also in the appendices. All other
non-verbal material used in the body of the Project Report and appendices such as
charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as figures. A
proper representation of a table or a figure and its placement immensely adds to the
ability to comprehend the work. Here are few suggestive guide lines in this regard which,
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 of course, in no way substitute the ingenuity and creativity of an author.
▪ A table or figure including its caption should be accommodated within the prescribed
margin limits and should appear on the page where its reference is made or on the
page following the page in case it is not possible to place it on the same page.
▪ Table and figures on half or less in length should necessarily appear on the same page
along with the text. However, they should be separated from the text both above and
below by double spacing.
▪ All tables and figures should be prepared on the same paper or material used for the
preparation of the rest of the Project Report.
▪ Captions of table/figures may use characters, numerals or symbols in the title mode.
▪ Two or more small tables or figures may be grouped if necessary on a single page.
▪ Wherever possible, the entire color photographs(s) may be reproduced on a full sheet
of photographic paper. More than one photograph can be included on a page.
▪ Samples of fabric, leather, etc., if absolutely necessary may be attached evenly in a
page and fixed/ pasted suitably and should be treated as figures.

3.9 Citation of References in the Project Report

Any work of other researchers used either directly or indirectly used in the report must be
indicated at appropriate places in the Project Report. It could be a journal paper, a
paper in conference proceedings, a monograph, a personal communication, or a book; in
physical or electronic form.
There are several standards for referencing. A candidate may chose one of his/her choice
with the consent of the Project Report supervisor(s) and should be consistent
throughout. A simple and commonly approach is suggested here.
A reference (other than a book or monograph) should be mentioned at the appropriate
places in the text of the Project Report by the last name of the first author followed by
the year of publication placed inside a pair of parentheses.
(i) An improved algorithm has been adopted in literature by Jha and Shanker
(2009)
(ii) The issue of FMS scheduling alongwith balancing has been discussed by
Kumar and Shanker (2000a) while the interaction amogst the objectives
has been extensively investigated by Kumar and Shanker (2000b)
and Stecke et. al. (1984).

In case of a book or a monograph, however, the name/s of author should be followed by

the year within the pair of parentheses. For example,
Chopra and Meindl (2003) have dealt at length the analysis and design of
supply chain.

For the references having two authors, the last names of the two authors in the order of
appearance can be used while for more than two authors, generally the last name of the
first author followed by et. al. and then the year within parentheses is used.

3.10 Listing of References in the REFERENCE section

The listing of references should be typed in alphabetical order of the first author’s name
in single spacing starting 4 spaces below the heading REFERENCES in Times New
Roman with font size 14 bold. The name/s of the authors/authors should be immediately
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 followed by the year and other details. The references should be serially numbered,
separated by single space. The papers (in journal or proceedings) should be in sentence
mode followed by the name of journal (in italics), vol. issue, page (from-to) while the
book titles should be in title mode in italics followed by the place and publishers. E-
resources should have their proper URL. A typical illustrative list given relates to the
citation examples quoted above. For typing the references, Times New Roman with font
size 11 is recommended.

Jha, J.K. and Shanker, K., 2009. A single-vendor single-buyer production-inventory model with
controllable lead time and service level constraint for decaying items. International Journal of
Production Research, Vol. 47, Issue 24, pp. 6875–6898.

Chopra, S. and Meindl, P., 2003. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation.
New Jersey, Prentice Hall.

Kumar Neeraj and Shanker Kripa, 2000a, A theory of balancing mechanism for comparing the
effectiveness of imbalance measures in FMS loading, Proceedings of the Special International
Conference on Production Research (ICPR) 2000, Bangkok, August 2-4, 2000, pp 133-139.

Kumar Neeraj and Shanker Kripa, 2000b, Interaction among FMS loading objectives: a parabolic
relationship between workload balance and machine utilization, Proceedings of the Special
International Conference on Production Research (ICPR) 2000, Bangkok, August 2-4, 2000, pp
234-239.

Snyder, L.V., 2004. Lehigh University. [Online] (1.3) Available at:

http://www.lehigh.edu/~lvs2/download/vrpsolver.html [accessed 17 December 2008].

3.11 Appendices
Appendices in a Project Report are provided to give supplementary information, which if
included
in the main text may serve as a distraction and could tend to dilute the central theme
under discussion.
▪ Each appendix must find its reference in the main body of the
Project Report.
▪ Appendices shall carry the title of the contents reported and the same title shall be
made in the contents page also.
▪ Appendices should be numbered using Roman numerals in upper case, e.g. Appendix
I, Appendix II, etc.
▪ Figures, tables, equations and references appearing in appendices should be numbered
locally to an appendix e.g. II.1, II.2, III.5 etc and should be referred to at appropriate
places just as in the case of chapters.

3.12 List of Publications of the Candidate (if any)

The list of publications made by candidate during the period of project and
pertaining to the Project Report submitted for the degree should be listed in chronological
order in the order of international refereed journals, national refereed journals,
proceedings of the conferences, in the same style as followed in providing the list of
references (section
3.13). These publications, wherever relevant should be referred to in the main body of the
Project Report.

3.13 Curriculum Vitae

A vitae mentioning the salient achievements and potentialities of the candidate shall be
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 made at the end of the Project Report starting 4 spaces below the heading
Curriculum Vitae (in Times New Roman with font size 14 bold).and shall be made
in three paragraphs in single spacing using Times New Roman using 12 size, and shall
be restricted to a single page.

4. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS
4.1 General
• This section includes additional information for final typing of the Project
Report. Some information given earlier under ‘Manuscript Preparation’ shall also be
referred to.

• The impression on the typed/ duplicated/ printed copies should be black in colour.
• Certain symbols characters or markings not found in a standard word processor may
be hand written using Indian ink or a stylus pen (in case stencil sheets are used).
Corrections, interlineations and crossing out of letters or words is not permitted in
any of the copies of the Project Report intended for submission. Erasures, if made,
should be neatly carried out in all copies.
• A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have at least two full lines below it or else
it should be carried over to the next page.

• The last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen.
• Single spacing should be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be
typed in font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 12.
▪ Single spacing should also be used for typing:
▪ Long Tables
▪ Long quotations
▪ Foot notes
▪ Multilane captions
▪ References
• All quotations exceeding one line should be typed in an indented space - the
indentation being 15mm from either margin.

4.2 Chapters, Sections, Sub-sections, and Paragraphs

The format for typing Chapter headings, Section headings and sub-section headings are
explained through the following illustrative examples.

Chapter headings : CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Section : 1.1 OUTLINE OF PROJECT
REPORT Sub-section heading : 1.1.2 Literature
Review.

The word CHAPTER (no.) without punctuation should be centered 50mm down from the top
of the page. Two spaces below, the title of the chapter should be typed centrally in upper case
(capital letters) TITLE OF THE CHAPTER. The text should commence 4 spaces
below this title, the first letter of the text starting 20mm, inside from the left hand margin.

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 The section or sub-section headings preceded by their numberings should be left-justified.
The typed material directly below section or sub-section headings should commence 2
spaces below it and should be offset 20mm from the left hand margin. The text can be
divided over paragraphs within a section or sub-section. Each paragraph should
commerce 2 spaces below the last line of the preceding paragraph, the first letter in the
paragraph being indented from the left hand margin by 20mm.

5. NUMBERING INSTRUCTIONS
5.1 Page Numbering
The preliminary pages of the Project Report (such as Title page, Acknowledgement,
Table of
Contents etc.) should be numbered in lower case Roman numerals e.g. (i), (ii), (iii), …. .
The Title page, however, will be treated numbered as (i) but this will not be typed. The
page immediately following the title page shall be numbered (ii) and it should appear at
the bottom center of the page, and so on. Pages of the main text, starting with Chapter 1
should be consecutively numbered using Arabic numerals e.g. 1, 2, … . All page numbers
(whether Roman or Arabic) should be typed without punctuation in the center of the page
20mm above from the bottom.

5.2 Numbering of Chapters, Sections and Sub-sections

The numbering of Chapters, sections and sub-sections should be done using Arabic
numerals only and further decimal notation should be used for numbering the sections
and sub-sections within a chapter. For examples sub-sectio 4 under section 3 of chapter 2
should be numbered as 2.3.4. The heading for a section or a sub-section should
immediately follow in the same line after the number with a single space in between.

Appendices and their sections and sub-sections should be numbered in an identical

manner using upper case Roman e.g. I, II, starting with Appendix I.

5.3 Numbering of Tables and Figures

Tables and figures appearing anywhere in the Project Report should, bear appropriate
numbers.
The rule for assigning such numbers is illustrated through an example. If a figure in
Chapter 3, happens to be the fourth then Fig. 3.4 is assigned to that figure. Identical rules
apply for tables except that the word figure is replaced by the word Table. If figures (or
tables) appear in appendices, for example the third figure in Appendix II will be
designated as Fig. II.3. If a table is to be continued into the next page, then a line should
be drawn underneath an unfinished table and the phrase continued on page no… placed
on the right side and underlined should be typed just below the line. The top line of the
table continued on the next page should, for example read Table 2.1 (continued) placed
centrally and underlined.

While referring to a figure or table in the body of the Project Report it should be
referred to as
Fig. 3.4, Table 2.1, Table II.6, and so on.

5.4 Numbering of Equations

Equations appearing in each Chapter or Appendix should be numbered serially, the
numbering commencing a fresh for each Chapter or Appendix. For example, the eighth
equation in Chapter 2, should be numbered as (2.8) thus:

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 While referring to this equation in the body of the Project Report it should be referred to
as Eqn. (2.8).

2
Vc
fc = k
Vc + Vw +Va (2.8)

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6. PROJECT REPORT SUBMISSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS
6.1 Submission for Evaluation
(a) The Project Report should be prepared as per guidelines provided in this manual. In
case of any problems, the supervisor(s) should be contacted.
(b) The candidate should fill the checklist and sign the Certificate of Project Report
Submission for Evaluation (Annexure I I I). The Certificate should be signed and
submitted in duplicate. One copy after stamping by the concerned University
official with due entries will be returned to the candidate.
(c) For evaluation purposes, a candidate for Bachelors degree is required to
submit
(i) three hard copies of the Project Report printed on both sides and spiral
bound using flexible cover of thick white art paper. The cover page should be
printed as per specifications for the title page (Annexure IV).
(ii) For electronic repository of the University, a CD with exactly identical
contents as the final Project Report in pdf format should also be
submitted. The candidate should ensure that the CD can be opened on any
system. The CD should carry the name, enrollment number and
programme of the candidate.
(iii) Number of copies (incorporating all corrections including viva-voce
examination)
B.Sc. - Three copies printed on both sides and spiral bound as per
University specifications plus a CD/Pen Drive with Project Report
contents in pdf format.

Note: The candidate must submit the required certificates at the time of both the
submissions (a) for evaluation and (b) final after viva voce examination for provisional
degree certificate.

7. SIZE OF PROJECT REPORT

There is no rigid restriction on the size of the Project Report. However, for Bachelors,
it should not generally exceed 70 pages of the typed matter beginning from the first page
of Chapter I to the last page of the last Appendix.

8. REFERENCES

For knowing more about the styles and presentation, the following few references may be
of interest. These are, however, not required for a candidate to go through for the
preparation of the Project Report to be submitted at DBUU.

(a) Michaelson, H.B. How to Write & Publish Engineering Papers and Reports. Oryx
Press, Phoenix.
(b) Turner, R.P. Technical Report Writing. Rinehart Press, San Francisco.
(c) Turk, C. and Krikman, J. Effective writing: Improving Scientific, Technical and
Business Communication. E & FN Spon, London.
(d) Campbell, W.G., Ballou, S.V. and Slade, C. Form and Style: Theses, Reports,
Term Papers. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.
(e) MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. Modern Language
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Association , New York.
(f) Sternberg, D. How to Complete and Survive a Doctoral Dissertation. St. Martin’s
Griffin, New York.
(g) Day, R.A. and Gastel, B. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper.
Greenwood Press, Westport.
(h) Booth, W.C., Colomb, G.G. and Williams, J.M. The Craft of Research. The
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

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 ANNEXURE I

CERTIFICATE

Certified that Name of student (enrollment no…..) has carried out the research
work presented in this Project Report entitled “Title of Project Report…………….”
for the award of Bachelor of Science (print only that is applicable) from Dev Bhoomi
Uttarkhand University, Dehradun under my/our (print only that is applicable)
supervision. The Project Report embodies results of original work, and studies are
carried out by the student himself/herself (print only that is applicable) and the
contents of the Project Report do not form the basis for the award of any other degree
to the candidate or to anybody else from this or any other University/Institution.

Signature Signature

(Name of Supervisor) (Name of Co-Supervisor)

(Designation) (Designation)

(Address) (Address)

Date:

Note : In case of only one supervisor, the sole supervisor will sign on the right side and the details on the left will
not be printed. In case of three supervisors, the third one along with his/her name, designation, address will sign in
the centre of the page underneath the details of the two other supervisors. The date, however, will be common to
all.

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 ANNEXURE II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Certificate ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgements vi
Dedication (optional) vii

CHAPTER 1 : INTRIDUCTION 1-68

1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 USE OF INDUSTRIAL EASTE IN CONCRETE-MAKING 2
1.3 GENERAL 5
1.2.1 Beneficiation Ceramic Waste 12
1.2.2 Test of Ceramic Waste Coarse Aggregate 19
1.2.2.1 General 25
1.2.2.2 Beneficiation ceramic waste 29
1.2.2.3 Test of ceramic waste coarse aggregate 33
1.3 SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY 45
1.4 CERAMIC INDUSTRIAL WASTE AS COARSE AGGREGATE 58

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 Annexure III

DEV BHOOMI UTTARAKHAND UNIVERSITY,

DEHRADUN

CERTIFICATE OF PROJECT REPORT SUBMISSION FOR

EVALUATION
(Submit in Duplicate)

1. Name : ……………………………………………………………………...…………..

2. Enrollment No. : ……………………………………………………………………….

3. Project Report title:

…………………………………………………………………….………..

4. Degree for which the Project Report is submitted:

………………………………………………

5. Faculty of the University to which the Project Report is submitted

.…………………………………………………………………………………

6. Report Preparation Guide was referred to for preparing the Report. YES NO

7. Specifications regarding Report format have been closely

followed. YES NO

8. The contents of the Report have been organized based

on the guidelines. YES NO

9. The Report has been prepared without resorting to plagiarism. YES NO

10. All sources used have been cited appropriately. YES NO

11. The Report has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree. YES NO

12. Submitted 3 spiral bound copies plus one CD. YES NO

(Signature of the Candidate)

Name:……………...………………

Enrollment No.: ………………………..

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(The format to be used but the Bachelor’s Project Report has to be submitted as spiral bind
only)
Annexure IV

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