Higher Nationals in Computing

Internet Of Things
ASSIGNMENT 1

Learner’s name: Lê Hoài Tâm

ID: GCS210712
Class: GCS1103
Subject code: 1690
Assessor name: Lê Trần Ngọc Trân

Assignment due: 12/ 5 / 2 0 2 4 Assignment submitted: 12/ 5 / 2 0 2 4

 ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Internet Of Things

Submission date 12/5/2024 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Lê Hoài Tâm Student ID GCS210712

Class GCS1103 Assessor name Lê Trần Ngọc Trân

Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

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P1 P2 M1 M2 D1 D2
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 Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business

Student Name/ID Number: Lê Hoài Tâm

Unit Number and Title: Unit 43 – Internet of Things

Academic Year: 2024

Unit Assessor: Lê Trân Ngọc Trân

Assignment Title: Assignment 1 – Internet of Things

Issue Date:

Submission Date:

Internal Verifier Name:

Date:

Submission Format:

Format: This assignment is an Individual assignment and specifically including 1 document:

You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at
1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference
follows Harvard referencing system. The recommended word limit is 2.000-2.500 words. You
will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit. The cover page of the report has to be
the Assignment front sheet 1.
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the
Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly,
and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get fail

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Analyze what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications.
LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using a common architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware,
and APIs.
LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms, and services.
LO4 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact on
people, business, society, and the end user, and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider IoT
ecosystem

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

You currently work as a product developer for a new startup where you design IoT products for consumer,
corporate, government, and defense clients. As part of your role, your manager has tasked you to plan and
develop a new IoT product, service, or application for a potential client. You are required to identify a
target user conduct tests with this user and include this feedback in multiple iterative versions of your
product.
Part 1 (Assignment 1): For the first part, you must:
• Plan an IoT application for a specific target end user and the tests you intend to conduct with this
user. This plan will be in the form of a document and will include supporting evidence and material,
such as user personas and customer journey maps.
• Create multiple iterations of your application and modify each iteration with enhancements gathered
from user feedback and experimentation. This will follow the pathway outlined in your plan. (log
book,)

Part 2 (Assignment 2): For the first part, you must:

• Show evidence about the Developed IoT application using any combination of hardware, software,
data, platforms, and services (video or images of your IoT system with code snippet)
• Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential
impact on people, business, society, and the end user, and the problems it might encounter when
integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem

Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications
P1 Explore various forms of IoT M1 Evaluate the impact of common IoT D1 Evaluate specific forms of IoT
functionality. architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, architecture and justify their usage when
and APIs in the software development designing software applications.
lifecycle.
P2 Review standard architecture,
frameworks, tools, hardware, and
APIs available in IoT development. M2 Evaluate the impact of common IoT
architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware,
and APIs in IoT security.

P3 Investigate architecture, M3 Select the most appropriate IoT D2 Make multiple iterations plan of your
frameworks, tools, hardware, and API architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, IoT application and modify each iteration
techniques available to develop IoT and API techniques to include in an to improve your IoT application security.
applications. application to solve this problem.

P4 Determine a specific problem to M4 Apply your selected techniques to

solve using IoT. create an IoT application development plan.

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 Table Of Contents
Internet Of Things ASSIGNMENT 1 .................................................................................................................... 1
Assignment Brief 1 (RQF) ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business .............................................................................................. 3
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Explore various forms of IoT functionality. (P1) ........................................................................................... 1
2.1 definition of IoT .................................................................................................................................... 1
2.1.1 Definition ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2.1.2 Example of IoT ................................................................................................................................. 1
2.2 How does IoT work? ............................................................................................................................ 2
2.2.1 Working principles ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.2.2 Example .................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.4 IoT functionality ................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3.1 IoT characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 3
2.4 Application of IoT ................................................................................................................................ 4
3. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs available in IoT development. (P2) ... 5
3.1 Standard Architecture .............................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................................ 5
3.1.2 IoT architecture ................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 IoT Frameworks and Tools ..................................................................................................................... 6
3.2.1 IoT Frameworks .................................................................................................................................. 6
3.2.2 IoT Tools ............................................................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Hardware and APIs for IoT ..................................................................................................................... 7
3.3.1 IoT Hardware ...................................................................................................................................... 7
3.3.2 IoT APIs .............................................................................................................................................. 7
4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT. (P3, P4) .............................................................................. 8
4.1 Problem ................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Solution ................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.3 Set of tools and Definition of a specific problem .................................................................................... 8
5 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................
10 References...............................................................................................................................................................
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 Table Of Figures
Figure 1: Internet Of Thing ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Figure 2: Smart Home System .................................................................................................................................. 2
Figure 3: IoT System ................................................................................................................................................ 2
Figure 4: Smart Agriculture ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 5: Songdo's Smart City .................................................................................................................................. 4
Figure 6: Sensei sensor system Australia's supplementary water management........................................................ 5
Figure 7: IoT Tools ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 8: Internet Of Things Hardware .................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 9: Application Programming Interfaces ........................................................................................................ 7
Figure 10: Board Arduino ESP8266 ......................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 11: DHT12 ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 12: breadboard ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 13: wires ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
 1. Introduction
The Internet of Things (IoT) is more than a network of interconnected smart devices. It connects the
physical and digital worlds by forming a network that can interact, collect data, and automate processes.
IoT has spread into every sector, from smart homes to industry and healthcare, bringing huge
opportunities and changing the way we interact with technology. This not only improves performance and
utility but also raises data security and information management concerns in this hyperconnected world.
The essay will investigate how IoT is changing the way we live, as well as the prospects and challenges of
its adoption in daily life and industry.
2. Explore various forms of IoT functionality. (P1)
2.1 definition of IoT
2.1.1 Definition
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects—"things"—embedded with
sensors, software, and other technologies for connecting and exchanging data with other devices and
systems via the Internet. These gadgets range from common household items to sophisticated industrial
tools. Experts predict that the number of connected IoT devices will increase to 10 billion by 2020 and 22
billion by 2025, from more than 7 billion today. Oracle has a device partner network. (Gillis, n.d.)

Figure 1: Internet Of Thing

2.1.2 Example of IoT

IoT (Internet of Things) technology is important in integrating smart sensors into tools and devices
in the context of a modern smart home, creating a comfortable and convenient living
environment. smart. These sensors not only collect data but also help control and optimize home
operations, providing users with convenience and safety.
The temperature control system, which is integrated with temperature sensors, is an important tool
in a smart home. Users can easily adjust the temperature remotely via mobile phone using IoT technology,
or set automatic mode based on weather data. This results in a comfortable and energy- efficient
environment with precise and flexible temperature control in each room.
Finally, IoT sensors are being integrated into smart home appliances. Energy measurement
sensors, for example, can be used in washing machines, refrigerators, and air conditioning systems to
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manage and optimize power consumption. Users can use the IoT system to monitor and adjust the
operation of these devices, creating operating schedules to save energy and match cheap electricity hours.
This allows users to save both energy and money while using the device.
Users can live a more convenient, safe, and energy-efficient life thanks to the combination of
technology and smart sensors. A smart home is more than just a place to live; it is also an intelligent
system that fully meets people's needs and desires in the modern technological age.

Figure 2: Smart Home system

2.2 How does IoT work?

2.2.1 Working principles
In a nutshell, IoT works as follows:
• Devices contain hardware, such as sensors, that collect data.
• The sensors' data is then shared via the cloud and integrated with software.
• The data is then analyzed and transmitted to users via an app or website by the software.
Smart devices communicate with an IoT platform, which IoT for All experts defines as "the support
software that connects everything in an IoT system." There are hundreds of IoT platforms available, with
some developed by industry titans such as Oracle and IBM.

Figure 3: IoT System

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 2.2.2 Example
In the agricultural sector, IoT systems can bring significant benefits. Imagine that we have a smart
farm equipped with sensors to collect data on temperature, soil moisture, water levels, and
environmental lighting.
Data from these sensors are transmitted wirelessly to an IoT platform, where they are received,
stored, and processed. IoT platforms can run in the cloud or on on-farm server infrastructure. This creates
a smart agricultural information system, connecting and managing data from sensors.
Once data is collected and processed, it is analyzed to learn patterns, trends, and useful
information. For example, through data analysis, we can determine the best time to water plants,
measure crop performance, or predict future weather. Thanks to this information, farmers can make smart
decisions and optimize agricultural production.
Data analysis results are transmitted to users via mobile applications or web interfaces. Users can
monitor farm status information, receive occasional condition alerts, and make remote adjustments to farm
equipment. This brings convenience and flexibility to users, allowing them to manage the farm effectively
and save time and effort.
Finally, based on analysis results and information from the IoT platform, the system can
automatically control agricultural equipment. For example, it can automatically turn on an irrigation
system when soil moisture is low or adjust lighting in a greenhouse to optimize crop growth. This helps
increase productivity and save resources while reducing farmers' effort and costs.
Overview, IoT systems in the agricultural sector bring connectivity, intelligence, and automation to
the agricultural production process. It not only provides important information to users but also helps
optimize workflow and enhance performance. Thanks to IoT, agriculture has become smarter and
brings great benefits to industry.

Figure 4: Smart Agriculture

2.3 IoT functionality

2.3.1 IoT characteristics
Here are the key characteristics of IoT that are critical for understanding its capabilities and
potential impact on various industries:
Scalability is an important feature of IoT. This means that IoT systems can accommodate a large
number of devices. IoT networks can handle a wide range of connected devices without compromising
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performance, whether in a smart home, a smart city, or an industrial setting. As more devices join the
network, this scalability enables the expansion and growth of IoT ecosystems.
Devices from different brands or types should be able to communicate with one another
seamlessly in an IoT environment. Interoperability ensures that devices, regardless of their
specifications or protocols, can exchange information and collaborate effectively. A smart thermostat from
one brand, for example, should be able to communicate with a smart speaker from another brand without
any issues.

2.4 Application of IoT

Songdo is one of the IoT-enabled smart city management projects. Songdo's top priority is
environmentally friendly design, which is also an important feature of a smart city, with sensor systems
installed everywhere. Most streetlights are outfitted with cameras, sensors, and speakers that play
relaxing music. The sensor can automatically adjust power consumption based on weather and lighting
conditions, as well as calculate traffic flow at specific points to make the most efficient use of
electricity.
Free Wi-Fi is available throughout the city. Bus stations also incorporate sensors, allowing
passengers to know exactly when the bus they require will arrive. Some companies, such as Samsung,
sell smart sensor devices that connect apartment building household devices to smartphones... (Anon.,
n.d.)

Figure 5: Songdo's smart city

Sensei is a multi-function sensor system that allows users to collect data on pH, groundwater
shortage risk, temperature, and conductivity. (L, n.d.)
This technology will aid in the replacement of manual monitoring, which requires additional
manpower, as well as in the conservation of resources. Sensei sensors can be embedded in groundwater
wells and aquifers, transmitting data continuously for months without the need for manual
measurements or maintenance.

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 Figure 6: Sensei sensor system Australia's supplementary water management

3. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs available in IoT
development. (P2)
3.1 Standard Architecture
3.1.1 Definition
Due to the ever-evolving nature of IoT devices and the diversity of sensors, there is no common
architecture for all IoT projects. However, some building blocks will be similar between projects.
First, you will need to build with scalability in mind. The amount of data you will collect over time
will be massive and you will need a platform that can accommodate this over the long term.
You will also need to ensure that you have high availability at any given time. Experiencing
system errors can cause you to lose some business in the best-case scenario or can have serious
consequences in the worst-case scenario.
Ultimately, you will need a system that is flexible enough to accommodate rapid and frequent
changes. As your architecture evolves or your business needs change, you'll need to iterate quickly
without breaking the existing architecture.
3.1.2 IoT architecture
While no two IoT projects are alike, the main layers have always remained consistent. Since the
beginning of IoT research, the three-layer architecture has been the dominant model for IoT
applications. Perception (or Devices), Network, and Application are the three layers.
• This layer contains the sensors themselves. This is where the information comes from. The
information could come from any number of sensors on the connected device. Actuators, which
react to their surroundings, are also present in this layer of the architecture.
• The network layer describes how large amounts of data move through an application. This layer
connects all of the devices and routes data to the appropriate back-end services.
• The application layer is visible to the users. This could be an application that controls a device in a
smart-home ecosystem or a dashboard that displays the status of the devices in a system.
3.2 IoT Frameworks and Tools
3.2.1 IoT Frameworks

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 An IoT framework is a collection of protocols, tools, and standards that provide a structured
environment for developing and deploying IoT applications and services. In other words, an IoT
framework provides the foundation for developing your own application.
The IoT framework typically consists of the following elements:
• Hardware
• Software
• Elements of networking (IoT protocols)
• Device administration
• Security
• Data administration
• Application creation
• Platform that is hosted in the cloud.
These components work together to enable the seamless integration of IoT devices and systems
(what is IoT). For example, device management is required for updating and monitoring the device's
performance. Protocols enable various connections between devices and the internet.

3.2.2 IoT Tools

IoT Tools stands for Internet of Things Tools. It is a network or link of devices, vehicles, and
equipment that use embedded electronics, home appliances, buildings, and so on. This aids in the
collection and exchange of various types of data. It also enables the user to remotely control the devices
via a network.
IoT has engulfed the IT industry and is the latest buzzword in today's internet-driven world. It has
opened many new opportunities for IoT companies and developers. Because of IoT app
development, many exceptional products have been created. Internet of Things solution providers create
hardware and software designs to assist IoT developers in creating new and remarkable IoT devices and
applications.

Figure 7: IoT Tools

3.3 Hardware and APIs for IoT
3.3.1 IoT Hardware

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 IoT hardware is made up of a variety of different devices that are all connected. The Internet of
things is abbreviated as IoT. IoT hardware is the technology that is gradually taking over our world, from
new modes of transportation to fully integrated home systems.

Figure 8: Internet Of Things Hardware

3.3.2 IoT APIs

API (application programming interface) refers to the tool used by software developers to
collect and transfer data from one application or computer to another. APIs, in other words, allow
developers to interact with software components both inside and outside of their code.
APIs are used in IoT to gather and transfer data from a connected device to an application or
computer. They can also be used to instruct a connected device to perform a specific action. Because
connected devices can be located anywhere in the world, having an API allows for remote access to a
device and makes the data useful. (APIs, n.d.)

Figure 9: Application Programming Interfaces

4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT. (P3, P4)
4.1 Problem

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 Monitoring temperature and humidity in the food and preservation industry is critical for food
preservation. This is an interesting topic in the field of IoT, where the combination of sensor technology
and data communication can provide an effective solution for global product management.
Applying IoT to monitor temperature and humidity during product management has numerous
advantages. Variable sensor technology combined with follow-up data enables automatic device
tracking and transmission of environmental information. This assists food manufacturers and consumers in
ensuring the quality and safety of their products from production to consumption.
We can optimize this process, ensure product quality and safety, and help improve product quality
by using IoT technology to monitor and manage temperature and humidity in product preservation.
Improve performance while conserving resources.

4.2 Solution
To solve the problem of monitoring temperature and humidity in food storage using IoT, a
solution could include the following steps:
Smart sensors: Use specialized IoT sensors with the ability to accurately measure temperature
and humidity. This sensor will be placed in important places to monitor the environmental conditions of
food.
Connect and collect data: The sensor will send data to an IoT platform or central system.
Through a network connection, this data will be collected and stored, allowing remote monitoring and
management.
Analysis and alerts: The IoT platform will automatically analyze data to check whether storage
conditions meet safety standards. If there are any significant variations in temperature or humidity, the
system will generate an immediate alert for the manager.
Remote management: The system will provide a remote-control interface, allowing users to
effectively monitor and adjust storage conditions from anywhere via an internet-connected device.
Reporting and data management: Data collected from sensors will be organized and displayed
through reports, charts, or management systems. This helps producers and consumers monitor and
evaluate the quality of food.
This solution will create an automated system that continuously monitors and preserves
environmental conditions to ensure food quality and safety while providing flexibility and efficient
management through technology. IoT technology.
4.3 Set of tools and Definition of a specific problem
All the components needed to perform temperature and humidity monitoring experiments in food
preservation using Arduino play an important role in building an effective system.
The Arduino board is the heart of the project, and choosing the right board type for your specific
needs will determine the processing and connectivity capabilities of the system. Temperature and
humidity sensors such as the DHT11 or DHT22 play a key role in data collection, providing essential
information about environmental conditions.

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 Figure 10: Board Arduino ESP8266

Figure 11: DHT12

The Wi-Fi or Ethernet connection module is a bridge between the Arduino and the network
environment, allowing convenient and continuous data transmission. Using breadboards and wires helps
connect components easily and neatly.

Figure 12: breadboard

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 Figure 13: wires

Additionally, having a stable power supply is extremely important to ensure the system operates
continuously and stably. Arduino IDE software is an important tool for writing code, loading programs,
and adjusting configuration for the Arduino board.
Finally, the use of display or warning devices such as LED screens, LCDs, or speakers can help
display data or notifications when there are important changes in temperature and humidity, providing
flexibility in interacting and tracking important food information. All of these components, when
combined, create an effective tracking system that helps preserve food safely and accurately.

5 Conclusion
In the future, the Internet of Things (IoT) will be more than a technological trend; it will be an essential part of
daily life. Smart connectivity and device interaction will continue to change the way we live, work, and interact
with the world around us.
Although it offers numerous advantages, IoT also presents significant challenges in information security and data
management. Processing massive amounts of data from billions of devices necessitates special care in protecting
personal information and ensuring system security. Understanding IoT will help us move toward a smarter and more
sustainable future.

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 References
Anon., n.d. 3 đô thị thông minh nổi bậc ở Châu Á. [Online]
Available at: https://nangluongsachvietnam.vn/d6/vi-VN/news/3-do-thi-thong-minh-noi-bat-o-chau-A-
6-187-6821
[Accessed 11 May 2024].
APIs, I., n.d. A guide to Application Programming Interfaces (no date) Hologram.io.. [Online]
Available at: https://www.hologram.io/blog/iot-apis-guide/
[Accessed 11 May 2024].
Gillis, A. S., n.d. What is IoT (Internet of Things) and How Does it Work?, IoT Agenda. TechTarget..
[Online]
Available at: https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT
[Accessed 11 May 2024].
HaLinh, 2020. 3 đô thị thông minh nổi bật ở châu Á. [Online]
Available at: https://nangluongsachvietnam.vn/d6/vi-VN/news/3-do-thi-thong-minh-noi-bat-o-chau-A-
6-187-6821
[Accessed 11 May 2024].
L, (. N., n.d. Australia: Phát triển công nghệ cho phép quản lý nước ngầm hiệu quả, tin tức
moitruong.net.vn.. [Online]
Available at: https://moitruong.net.vn/australia-phat-trien-cong-nghe-cho-phep-quan-ly-nuoc-ngam-
hieu-qua-2948.html
[Accessed 11 May 2024].

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