Higher Nationals in Computing

Internet Of Things
ASSIGNMENT 2

Learner’s name: Lê Hoài Tâm

ID: GCS210712
Class: GCS1103
Subject code: 1690
Assessor name: Lê Trần Ngọc Trân

Assignment due: Assignment submitted:

 ASSIGNMENT 2 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Internet Of Things

Submission date 13/5/2024 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Lê Hoài Tâm Student ID GCS210712

Class GCS1103 Assessor name Lê Trần Ngọc Trân

Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

Grading grid
P5 P6 P7 M5 M6 D3 D4
❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Signature & Date:

 Assignment Brief 2 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business

Student Name/ID Number: Lê Hoài Tâm

Unit Number and Title: Unit 43 – Internet of Things

Academic Year: 2024

Unit Assessor: Lê Trần Ngọc Trân

Assignment Title: Assignment 2 – Internet of Things

Issue Date:

Submission Date:

Internal Verifier Name:

Date:

Submission Format:

Format: This assignment is an Individual assignment and specifically includes 1 document:

You must use font Calibri size 12, set the number of pages, and use multiple line spacing at
1.3. Margins must be left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference
follows the Harvard referencing system. The recommended word limit is 2.000-2.500 words.
You will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit. The cover page of the report has
to be the Assignment front sheet 2.
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment on the due date and in a way requested by
the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes, or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals, or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Ensure that you know how to reference properly and
understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you get fail

Unit Learning Outcomes:

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LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications LO2
Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware
and APIs
LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and
services.
LO4 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact
on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when
integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

You currently work as a product developer for a new startup where you design IoT products for consumer,
corporate, government, and defense clients. As part of your role, your manager has tasked you to plan and
develop a new IoT product, service, or application for a potential client. You are required to identify a
target user conduct tests with this user and include this feedback in multiple iterative versions of your
product.
Part 1 (Assignment 1): For the first part, you must:
• Plan an IoT application for a specific target end user and the tests you intend to conduct with this
user. This plan will be in the form of a document and will include supporting evidence and material,
such as user personas and customer journey maps.
• Create multiple iterations of your application and modify each iteration with enhancements gathered
from user feedback and experimentation. This will follow the pathway outlined in your plan.(log
book,)

Part 2 (Assignment 2): For the second part, you must produce a report to prove that:
• Show evidence about the Developed IoT application using any combination of hardware, software,
data, platforms, and services (video or images of your IoT system with code snippet)
• Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential
impact on people, business, society, and the end user, and the problems it might encounter when
integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem

Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services.

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P5 Employ an appropriate set of tools M5 Reconcile and evaluate end user D3 Critical evaluate security risks that
to develop your plan into an IoT feedback and determine advantages and your application might encounter.
application. disadvantages of your chosen IoT
techniques.
P6 Run end user experiments and
examines feedback.

society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem

P7 Evaluate end user feedback from M6 Undertake a critical review and D4 Critique the overall success of your
your IoT application. compare your final application with the application. Did it solve your problem?
original plan. What is the potential impact on people,
business, society and the end user? What
problems might it encounter when
integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem?

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 Contents Of Tables
Internet Of Things ASSIGNMENT 2 ....................................................................................................................... 1
Assignment Brief 2 (RQF) ........................................................................................................................................ 1
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business ................................................................................................ 1
P5 Employ an appropriate set of tools to develop your plan into an IoT application. .............................................. 5
1. List of devices for the project ...................................................................................................................... 5
2. The project ................................................................................................................................................... 8
3. The code in Arduino Uno IDE ................................................................................................................... 10
P6 Run end-user experiments and examine feedback. ............................................................................................ 11
1. Application ................................................................................................................................................ 11
2. Test case..................................................................................................................................................... 11
P7 Evaluate end-user feedback from your IoT application..................................................................................... 12
1. Evaluate ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
2. Solution for improving............................................................................................................................... 12

Figures Of Tables
Figure 1: Arduino Uno R3 ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 2: breadboard ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 3: wires .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 4: DHT11....................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 5: Connect dht11 with Arduino ..................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 6: Connect dht11 with Arduino. .................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 7: : Connect dht11 and Arduino with laptop ................................................................................................. 9
Figure 8: source code .............................................................................................................................................. 10

Table Of Tables
Table 1: Specifications.............................................................................................................................................. 6
Table 2: test case ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

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 P5 Employ an appropriate set of tools to develop your plan into an IoT
application.
1. List of devices for the project
The choice to switch from the ESP8266 to the Arduino Uno R3 was made after some deliberation.
Because of its many uses and widespread appeal within the development community, the Arduino Uno R3
is preferred. I was persuaded to switch by Arduino's dependability, compatibility, and community support.
This facilitates concentrating on utilizing a readily available, expandable platform with robust assistance,
enhancing the project development procedure.

Figure 1: Arduino Uno R3

The greatest board for learning electronics and coding is the Arduino UNO. The UNO is the most
durable board you can begin experimenting with if this is your first time modifying the platform. Among
the entire Arduino family, the UNO is the board that is used and documented the most.(R3)
The Arduino UNO R3's technical specifications are available here:

Name Arduino UNO R3

Board
SKU A000066

Microcontroller ATmega328P

USB connector USB-B

Built-in LED Pin 13

Pins
Digital I/O Pins 14

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 Analog input pins 6

PWM pins 6

UART Yes

Communication I2C Yes

SPI Yes

I/O Voltage 5V

Input voltage (nominal) 7-12V

Power
DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA

Power Supply Connector Barrel Plug

Main Processor ATmega328P 16 MHz

Clock speed
USB-Serial Processor ATmega16U2 16 MHz

Memory ATmega328P 2KB SRAM, 32KB FLASH, 1KB EEPROM

Weight 25 g

Dimensions Width 53.4 mm

Length 68.6 mm
Table 1: Specifications

Breadboards and connecting wires are two indispensable tools in the field of electronics.
Breadboards provide a flexible and convenient method for building and testing temporary electronic
circuits. Instead of having to solder and connect components on a circuit board, a breadboard allows
users to plug components and wires directly into holes on the board, saving time and effort. This allows
users to quickly change and adjust connections between components, testing and optimizing circuits with
ease.

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 Figure 2: breadboard

Figure 3: wires

Connectors are an important component to connect components and breadboards. They create a
reliable physical link between components, ensuring accurate and stable transmission of electrical
signals and data. The patch cord allows users to create flexible connections and quickly change
them as needed, helping to optimize circuits and experiment with different combinations of
components.
In short, breadboards and wires are essential for building and testing electronic circuits. The
breadboard allows flexible and convenient construction of temporary circuits, while the wiring
harness ensures a reliable physical connection between components. Both of these tools save time
and effort, allowing users to test and tune circuits easily and safely.

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 Figure 4: DHT11

The DHT11 sensor shown in figure 4, providing calibrated digital output for both temperature and
humidity. Its small size, low power consumption and compatibility with both single bus and I2C
communication make it versatile for various applications. With a standardized interface, it's easy to
integrate into the system without complicated wiring.
It finds wide use in HVAC, consumer products, automotive, automation, weather stations, and
medical equipment due to its stability, low cost, and precise calibration for humidity and temperature.
The DHT12's key features include long-term stability, long-distance signal transmission, low power
consumption, and the flexibility to choose between communication modes.(AOSONG)
2. The project

Figure 5: Connect dht11 with Arduino

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 Figure 6: Connect dht11 with Arduino.

To connect DHT11 sensor to Arduino Uno, you need to follow these steps:
• Connect the data pin: Connect the data pin of the DHT11 sensor to a certain digital pin on the
Arduino Uno (in your code, defined const int DHTPIN = 2; ). You can use pin 2 or use another
pin you specified in the code.
• Connect the power pin and ground pin: Connect the power pin (VCC) of the DHT11 sensor to the
5V pin on the Arduino Uno and connect the ground pin (Ground) of the sensor to the GND pin on
the Arduino Uno.
If you want to disable (stop running the program) in the Arduino IDE, you can do the following:
• Use a connection wire to disconnect the data pin of the DHT11 sensor and the Arduino Uno. Or
you can disconnect the data wire in the circuit section.
• After disconnecting the wire, the program will not be able to read data from the temperature and
humidity sensor, and will not display data on the Serial Monitor of the Arduino IDE.

Figure 7: : Connect dht11 and Arduino with laptop

To connect the Arduino Uno to the computer, provide power and upload code to the board, you
need to follow a few simple steps.

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 First, use a USB cable to connect the USB port on the Arduino Uno to the corresponding port on
your computer. This allows the computer to recognize the Arduino Uno when it is connected.
Once connected, you need to open the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) on
your computer. In the IDE, select the board type as "Arduino Uno" and select the circuit port to which
the Arduino Uno is connected.
After selecting the board and port, you can write code in the Arduino IDE and upload the code to
the Arduino Uno by pressing the "Upload" button in the IDE. During the download process, the
Arduino IDE will compile the code and load it to the Arduino Uno board via a USB connection.
The USB connection between the computer and the Arduino Uno board not only provides power
to the board but also allows data transfer between the two devices. You can check the data being
transmitted from the Arduino Uno to the computer by opening the Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE.
This is the basic process to connect and upload code to Arduino Uno via a USB connection to the
computer. It helps you write, compile, and download code easily, as well as check data transmitted from
the Arduino Uno board to the computer.

3. The code in Arduino Uno IDE

Figure 8: source code

The temperature and humidity sensor DHT11, which is attached to the Arduino, is read for data by
the code above using the DHT library.
Explanation code in figure 5:
- #include "DHT.h" : Includes the DHT library to access functions for the DHT sensor.
- #define DHTTYPE DHT11 : Defines the sensor type as DHT11.
- const int DHTPIN = 2; Assigns pin 2 to the DHT sensor.

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 - DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); : Initializes the DHT sensor object.
- void setup() : Initializes the serial communication at a baud rate of 115200 and starts the DHT
sensor.
- void loop() : Repeatedly reads temperature and humidity from the sensor, then prints the values to
the Serial Monitor. There are small corrections made like adding semicolons to end lines after printing "C"
for Celsius and "%" for percent. The delay(2000); creates a delay of 2 seconds before the loop runs again.

P6 Run end-user experiments and examine feedback.

1. Application

2. Test case
Below is a table of test cases based on the temperature and humidity sensing program using the
DHT11 sensor connected to the Arduino Uno:
Test Case Description Expected Outcome

Test Case 1 Read temperature and Display temperature and humidity values on the
humidity Serial Monitor
Test Case 2 Continuous data reading Display temperature and humidity values every 2
seconds
Test Case 3 Check data formatting Show "Temp: xx C" for temperature and
"Humidity: xx%"
Test Case 4 Validate reasonable value Ensure temperature and humidity values are
range within realistic range
Test Case 5 Simulate unreasonable values Handle appropriately when receiving invalid
sensor readings
Table 2: test case

This table outlines basic test cases to ensure the program operates accurately, displays correct data, and
handles invalid sensor readings appropriately.

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 P7 Evaluate end-user feedback from your IoT application.
1. Evaluate
We have conducted a project to measure temperature and humidity using a DHT11 sensor connected
to an Arduino Uno. Along the way, we encountered several challenges that could impact the accuracy
and performance of the project.
The error of the DHT11 sensor is an important factor. The accuracy of temperature and humidity
measurements can be affected by the sensor's natural errors in varying environmental conditions.
Ambient conditions, such as changes in temperature and humidity, can also alter measured values.
Additionally, delays in reading data from the sensor and processing conditions of the Arduino Uno
can also impact the accuracy and uniformity of measurement data. The Arduino Uno has limited
resources, and if there are many complex operations, it can reduce the ability to measure accurately.
Finally, issues related to connectivity and telecommunications environment are also an important
factor. The stability of the sensor connection to the Arduino Uno and the data transmission from the
sensor to the Arduino board also affect the accuracy of the collected data.

2. Solution for improving.

We have made a project to measure temperature and humidity using a DHT11 sensor connected to
Arduino Uno. During this process, we encountered several challenges related to the accuracy and
reliability of measurement data.
To improve accuracy, we have applied some optimization solutions. First, the use of the DHT11
sensor has been reconsidered and a change has been made to a higher precision sensor such as the
DHT22 to minimize measurement errors. At the same time, attention is also paid to controlling the
environment around the sensor, ensuring that it is placed in a stable environment to ensure accurate
measurement data.
We have also optimized the source code on Arduino Uno to minimize waiting time when reading
data from the sensor and optimize data processing. Checking the connection and signal between the
sensor and Arduino is also performed to ensure a stable and accurate data reading signal.
By combining the above solutions, we hope to improve the accuracy and reliability of the
temperature and humidity measurement system, and enhance the accurate and stable measurement
capabilities of the project.

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 Refences
AOSONG. Robototehnika.ru. [Online]. Available: https://robototehnika.ru/file/DHT12.pdf [Accessed
12 May 2024].
R3, U. Arduino.cc. [Online]. Available: https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3 [Accessed 12 May 2024].

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