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Platform Technologies Module 3

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25 views8 pages

Platform Technologies Module 3

Uploaded by

marianzefjavier13
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Engineering-Computing Academy of Science

and Technology

BSIT

Course Code ELEC 1A


Course Description Platforms Technologies
Module Title Architecture and Organization

I. INTRODUCTION:

Computer Organization and Architecture is used to design computer systems. Computer


Architecture is considered to be those attributes of a system that are visible to the user
like addressing techniques, instruction sets, and bits used for data, and have a direct
impact on the logic execution of a program, It defines the system in an abstract manner, It
deals with What does the system do.

II. PRE- DISCUSSION ACTIVITY:


In your own words, define the following:
1. Operating System
2. Principle of Equivalence

III. DISCUSSION:
CHAPTER 3: Architecture and Organization
What is computer organization and architecture?
 In a computer system, hardware and many software components are
fundamentally related
 Computer organization and architecture help us to understand how
hardware and software interact with each other

Computer organization
o It encompasses all physical aspects of computer systems.
 How components are connected together?
Engineering-Computing Academy of Science
and Technology

BSIT

 How components interact with/talk to each other?


o It helps us to answer the question: How does a computer work?

Computer architecture
• It focuses on the structure and behavior of the computer system
• It refers to the logical aspects of system implementation as seen by
the programmer.
• It helps us to answer the question: How do I design a computer?

Computer organization VS architecture?


• The distinction between computer organization and computer
architecture is not clear-cut.
• These are strongly interrelated and interdependent.
• We can truly understand each of them only when we comprehend
both of them.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER


From Software to Hardware
• Computer scientists design algorithms
- is a coded formula written into software that, when triggered,
prompts the tech to take relevant action to solve a problem.
• Computer scientists implement an algorithm by using high level
programing language (Java, C, etc.)
• We finally get down to machine level
Engineering-Computing Academy of Science
and Technology

BSIT

• Machine level can be thought of as an algorithm implemented as an


electronic device
•
Principle of Equivalence of Hardware and Software
Anything that can be done with software can also be done with hardware, and
anything that can be done with hardware can also be done with software

 We implement an application in Hardware or Software level?


 Our knowledge of computer organization and architecture will help us to
make the best choice

Computer Hardware main components


• A processor to interpret and execute programs
• A memory to store both data and programs
• A mechanism for transferring data to and from the outside world
(Input/Output)

Standards organizations
• Number of government and industry organizations
• Some standards-setting organizations are consortia made up of
industry leaders
• Aims
- Establish common guide lines for a particular type of
equipment
- Why? To ensure a “worldwide”1 interoperability (compatibility)
Engineering-Computing Academy of Science
and Technology

BSIT

Some international standards organizations


• IEEE
- Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
- sets standards for various computer components, signaling
protocols, and data representation
• ITU
- International Telecommunications Union
- Sets standards for telecommunications systems, including
telephone, telegraph, and data communication systems
• ISO
- International Standards Organization
- coordinates worldwide standards development
-
Other county(ies)-wide organizations
• ANSI: American National Standards Institute
• CEN: Comité Européenne de Normalisation (European committee for
standardization)
• BSI: British Standards Institution
Engineering-Computing Academy of Science
and Technology

BSIT

COMPUTER LEVEL HIERARCHY

The highest level – Level 6 – is the “user’s level”


Engineering-Computing Academy of Science
and Technology

BSIT

• Level 6 is composed of applications


• User runs programs such as word processors, graphics packages, or
games.

Level 5: High-Level Language Level


• Consists of languages such as C, C++, FORTRAN, Lisp, Pascal, and
Prolog.
• Programmers write programs at this level.
• Compilers translates these languages to a language the machine
can understand (that lower levels could understand): Assembly then
machine languages.
Level 4: Assembly Language Level
• More “machine dependent” language.
• Assembly language is then one to one translated to machine
language (one assembly language instruction is translated to exactly
one machine language instruction).
Level 3: System Software Level
• Deals with operating system instructions (multiprogramming,
protecting memory, synchronizing processes, and various other
important functions)
• Instructions translated from assembly language to machine language
are passed through this level unmodified
Level 2: Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), or Machine Level
• Machine language recognized by the particular architecture of the
computer system
Engineering-Computing Academy of Science
and Technology

BSIT

• Programs written in machine language can be executed directly by


the electronic circuits without any interpreters, translators, or
compilers.
Level 1: The Control Level
• Is where a control unit do its job
 Receives machine instructions from the level above
 decodes and executes those instructions properly
 Moves data to where and when it should be
• The control unit interprets the machine instructions
Level 0: The Digital Logic Level
• is where we find the physical components of the computer system:
the gates and wires

IV. ASSESSMENT:
1. What is your understanding about the principle of equivalence of software and hardware?
2. What are the computer level hierarchy?

Reference List:
Organization and Architecture

https://www.codingninjas.com/studio/library/computer-organization-and-computer-architecture-introduction
Engineering-Computing Academy of Science
and Technology

BSIT

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Recommending Approved:


Approval:

Daniel Villano Jane M. Fernandez Virgo Lopez Rhonda Padilla


Faculty,E-Coast Dean,E-Coast Vice President for President
Academics

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