DAY TWO

Kinematics
Learning & Revision for the Day
u Frame of Reference u Elementary Concept of Differentiation and
u Motion in a Straight Line Integration for Describing Motion
u Uniform and Non-uniform Motion u Graphs
u Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Frame of Reference
The frame of reference is a suitable coordinate system involving space and time used as a
reference to study the motion of different bodies. The most common reference frame is
the cartesian frame of reference involving (x, y, z and t).
(i) Inertial Frame of Reference A frame of reference which is either at rest or moving
with constant velocity is known as inertial frame of reference. Inertial frame of
reference is one in which Newton’s first law of motion holds good.
(ii) Non-Inertial Frame of Reference A frame of reference moving with some
acceleration is known as non-inertial frame of reference. Non-inertial frame of
reference in one which Newton’s law of motion does not hold good.

Motion in a Straight Line

The motion of a point object in a straight line is one dimensional motion. During such a
motion the point object occupies definite position on the path at each instant of time.
Different terms used to described motion are defined below:

Distance and Displacement

●
Distance is the total length of the path travelled by a particle in a given interval of PREP
time. It is a scalar quantity and its SI unit is metre (m).
Displacement
MIRROR
●
Displacement is shortest distance between initial and final Your Personal Preparation Indicator
Y Distance
positions of a moving object. It is a vector quantity and its SI u No. of Questions in Exercises (x)—
unit is metre. A
u No. of Questions Attempted (y)—
From the given figure, mathematically it is expressed as, r1 ∆r u No. of Correct Questions (z)—
B
∆r = r2 – r1 r2 (Without referring Explanations)
●
Displacement of motion may be zero or negative O X
u Accuracy Level (z / y × 100)—
but path length or distance can never be negative.
u Prep Level (z / x × 100)—
●
For motion between two points displacement is single valued while distance depends
on actual path and so can have many values. In order to expect good rank in JEE,
your Accuracy Level should be above
●
Magnitude of displacement can never be greater than distance. However, it can be 85 & Prep Level should be above 75.
equal, if the motion is along a straight line without any change in direction.
DAY TWO KINEMATICS 13

Average and Instantaneous Acceleration If velocity of a

Speed and Velocity particle at instant t is v1 and at instant t 2 is v2 , then
●
Speed is defined as the total path length (or actual distance v2 − v1 ∆v
●
Average acceleration, aav = =
covered) by time taken by object. t2 − t 1 ∆t
Distance ∆v dv
Speed = ●
Instantaneous acceleration, a = lim =
Time taken ∆t→ 0 ∆t dt
It is scalar quantity. Its SI unit is m/s.
Total distance travelled
●
Average Speed, vav = Uniformly Accelerated Motion
∆t
●
A motion, in which change in velocity in each unit of time
●
When a body travels equal distance with speeds v1 and v2 , is constant, is called an uniformly accelerated motion. So,
the average speed (v) is the harmonic mean of the two for an uniformly accelerated motion, acceleration is constant.
speeds.
2 1 1
●
For uniformly accelerated motion are given below
= +
v v1 v2 Equations of motion, v = u + at …(i)
1
●
When a body travels for equal time with speeds v1 and v2 , s = ut + at 2 …(ii)
the average speed v is the arithmetic mean of the two speeds. 2
v + v2 and v2 = u2 + 2 as …(iii)
vav = 1
2 where, u = initial velocity, v = velocity at time t
●
Velocity is defined as ratio of displacement and and s = displacement of particle at time t .
corresponding time interval taken by an object. ●
Equation of uniformaly accelerated motion under gravity
Displacement are
i.e. velocity =
time interval 1
(i) v = u − gt (ii) h = ut − gt 2 (iii) v2 = u2 − 2 gh
Total displacement x2 − x 1 ∆x 2
●
Average velocity = = =
Total time taken t2 − t 1 ∆t
Here, x2 and x 1 are the positions of a particle at the time t 2 Elementary Concept of Differentiation
and t 1 respectively, with respect to a given frame of and Integration for Describing Motion
reference.
●
At an instant t , the body is at point P( x, y, z).
●
For a moving body speed can never be negative or zero
dx
while velocity can be negative and zero. Thus, velocity along X-axis, vx =
dt
●
The instantaneous speed is average speed for infinitesimal
dvx
small time interval (i.e. ∆t → 0) Acceleration along X -axis is ax =
∆s ds dt
i.e. Instantaneous speed, v = lim =
∆t → 0 ∆ t dt dy
Velocity along Y-axis is v y =
●
The instantaneous velocity (or simply velocity) v of a dt
∆x dx dvy
moving particle is v = lim = Acceleration along Y-axis is a y =
∆t → 0 ∆ t dt dt
It (at a particular time) can be calculated as the slope (at dz dv
Similarly, vz = and az = z
that particular time) of the graph of x versus t . dt dt
●
For a accelerating body
Uniform and Non-uniform Motion (i) If ax variable, x = ∫ vx dt ,∫ dvx = ∫ ax dt
●
An object is said to be in uniform motion if its velocity is
uniform i.e. it undergoes equal displacement in equal may (ii) If a y is variable, y = ∫ v y dt , ∫ dv y = ∫ a y dt
be intervals of time, howsoever small these interval.
(iii) If a z is variable, z = ∫ vz dt , ∫ dvz = ∫ az dt
●
An object is said to be in non-uniform motion if its
undergoes equal displacement in unequal intervals of Also, distance travelled by a particle is s = ∫ | v| dt
time., howsoever small these intervals may be.
(i) x-component of displacement is ∆x = ∫ vx dt
Acceleration (ii) y-component of displacement is ∆y = ∫ v y dt
Acceleration of an object is defined as rate of change
of velocity. It is a vector quantity having unit m/s2 or ms −2 . (iii) z-component of displacement is ∆z = ∫ vz dt
It can be positive, zero or negative.
14 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY TWO

Graphs Velocity-Time Graph

During motion of the particle, its parameters of kinematical (i) Velocity-time graph gives the instantaneous value of
analysis changes with time. These can be represented on the velocity at any instant.
graph, which are given as follows: (ii) The slope of tangent drawn on graph gives instantaneous
acceleration.
Position-Time Graph (iii) Area under v-t graph with time axis gives the value of
(i) Position-time graph gives instantaneous value of displacement covered in given time.
displacement at any instant. (iv) The v-t curve cannot take sharp turns.
(ii) The slope of tangent drawn to the graph at any instant of Different Cases in Velocity-Time Graph
time gives the instantaneous velocity at that instant.
(iii) The s-t graph cannot make sharp turns. Different Cases v- t Graph The main Features of Graph

Different Cases of Position-Time Graph Uniform motion v (i) θ = 0º

(ii) v = constant
Different Cases s- t Graph The main Features of Graph v = constant (iii) Slope of v-t graph = a = 0

At rest s Slope = v = 0 t
Uniformly v So slope of v-t graph is
accelerated constant u = 0 i.e.
motion with v = at so, a = constant u = 0
t u = 0 and s = 0 i.e. v = 0 at t = 0
at t = 0
Uniform motion s Slope = constant, t
v = constant
Uniformly v Positive constant
a=0 accelerated acceleration because θ is
s =νt v = u + at
motion with u constant and <90º but the
t u ≠ 0 but s = 0 initial velocity of the particle
at t = 0 is positive
Uniformly s u = 0, i.e. t
accelerated Slope of s-t graph Uniformly v Slope of v-t graphs = – a
motion with 1
s = at 2 at t = 0, should be zero. decelerated (retardation)
u = 0, s = 0 at 2
motion
u
t =0 v = u – at
t

s t
Uniformly Slope of s-t graph gradually t0
accelerated goes on increasing
motion with 1 Non-uniformly v Slope of v-t graph increases
s =ut + at 2 accelerated with time.
u ≠ 0 but s = 0 2
at t = 0 motion θ is increasing, so,
t acceleration is increasing
t
Uniformly s θ is decreasing
retarded motion so, v is decreasing, a is Non-uniformly v θ is decreasing, so
negative decelerating acceleration decreasing
motion
t
t0 t
DAY TWO KINEMATICS 15

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 An aeroplane flies 400 m from North and then flies 300 m 7 A body is thrown vertically upwards in air, when air
South and then flies 1200 m upwards, then net resistance is taken into account, the time of ascent is t1
displacement is and time of descent is t 2, then which of the following is
(a) 1200 m (b) 1300 m (c) 1400 m (d) 1500 m true?
(a) t1 = t 2 (b) t1 < t 2
2 The correct statement from the following is
(c) t1 > t 2 (d) t1 ≥ t 2
(a) A body having zero velocity will not necessarily have
zero acceleration 8 A stone falls freely from rest and the total distance covered
(b) A body having zero velocity will necessarily have zero by it in the last second of its motion equals the distance
acceleration covered by it in the first three seconds of its motion. The
(c) A body having uniform speed can have only uniform stone remains in the air for
acceleration
(d) A body having non-uniform velocity will have zero (a) 6 s (b) 5 s (c) 7 s (d) 4 s
acceleration 9 The motor of an electric train can give it an acceleration
3 A vehicle travels half the distance L with speed v1 and of 1 ms – 2 and brakes can give a negative acceleration of
the other half with speed v 2, then its average speed is 3 ms – 2. The shortest time in which the train can make a
v1 + v 2 2v1 + v 2 2v1v 2 2 (v1 + v 2 ) trip between the two stations 1215 m apart is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 v1 + v 2 v1 + v 2 v1v 2 (a) 113.6 s (b) 56.9 s
(c) 60 s (d) 55 s
4 A particle moves along the sides AB, BC, CD of a square
10 A train is moving along a straight path with a uniform
of side 25 m with a velocity of 15 m/s. Its average
acceleration. Its engine passes a pole with a velocity of
velocity is
60 kmh −1 and the end (guard’s van) passes across the
B C same pole with a velocity of 80 kmh −1. The middle point
of the train will pass the same pole with a velocity
(a) 70 kmh −1 (b) 70.7 kmh −1
v
(c) 65 kmh −1 (d) 75 kmh −1
11 The acceleration experienced by a moving boat after its
engine is cut-off, is given by a = −kv 3, where k is a
A D
constant. If v 0 is the magnitude of velocity at cut-off,
(a) 5 m/s (b) 7.5 m/s (c) 10 m/s (d) 15 m/s then the magnitude of the velocity at time t after the
5 A body sliding down on a smooth inclined plane slides cut-off is
down 1/4th of plane’s length in 2 s. It will slide down the v0 v0
(a) (b)
complete plane in 2 kt v 02 1 + 2 kt v 02
(a) 4 s (b) 5 s (c) 2 s (d) 3 s v0 v0
(c) (d)
6 Three particles P , Q and R are situated at corners of an 1 − 2 kv 02 1 + 2 kt v 02
equilateral triangle of side length (d). At t = 0, they 12 A body moving with an uniform acceleration describes
started to move such that P is moving towards Q, Q is 12 m in the 3rd second of its motion and 20 m in the
moving towards R and R is moving towards P at every 5th second. Find the velocity after the 10th second.
instant. After how much time (in second) will they meet
(a) 40 ms–1 (b) 42 ms–1
each other? (c) 52 ms–1 (d) 4 ms–1
Q
13 A train accelerating uniformly from rest attains a
u maximum speed of 40 ms –1 in 20 s. It travels at this
speed for 20 s and is brought to rest with an uniform
u retardation in the next 40 s. What is the average velocity
P R during this period?
u
80
d 2d 2d d (a) ms–1 (b) 25 ms–1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3
u 3u (3) u (3) u (c) 40 ms–1 (d) 30 ms–1
16 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY TWO

14 A frictionless wire AB is fixed on a sphere of radius R. A 21 Look at the graphs (i) to (iv) in figure carefully and
very small spherical ball slips on this wire. The time taken choose, which of these can possibly represent
by this ball to slip from A to B is one-dimensional motion of particle?
A x x

q
B O
t t
R

C
(i) (ii)
2 gR cosθ R gR
(a) (b) 2 gR (c) 2 (d) x x
g cosθ g g g cosθ

15 A balloon is going upwards with velocity12 ms –1. It

releases a packet when it is at a height of 65 m from the
t t
ground. How much time the packet will take to reach the
ground if g = 10 ms –2 ?
(a) 5 s (b) 6 s (c) 7 s (d) 8 s
(iii) (iv)
16 A ball is dropped from the top of a building. The ball (a) Both (i) and (ii)
takes 0.5 s to fall past the 3 m length of window some (b) Only (iv)
distance below from the top of building. With what speed (c) Only (iii)
does the ball pass the top of window? (d) Both (iii) and (iv)
(a) 6 ms–1 (b) 12 ms–1 (c) 7 ms–1 (d) 3.5 ms–1 22 Figure shows the time-displacement curve of the particles
17 A body starts from the origin and moves along the axis P and Q . Which of the following statement is correct?
such that the velocity at any instant is given by x P
v = 4 t 3 − 2 t where, t is in second and the velocity in Q
ms −1. Find the acceleration of the particle when it is at
a distance of 2 m from the origin. O t
(a) 28 ms –2 (b) 22 ms – 2 (c) 12 ms –2 (d) 10 ms –2
18 A point initially at rest moves along the x-axis. Its
(a) Both P and Q move with uniform equal speed
acceleration varies with time as a = ( 5t + 6) ms –2. If it
starts from the origin, the distance covered by it in 2 s is (b) P is accelerated and Q moves with uniform speed but
the speed of P is more than the speed of Q
(a) 18.66 m (b) 14.33 m (c) 12.18 m (d) 6.66 m
(c) Both P and Q moves with uniform speeds but the speed
19 A rod of length l leans by its upper end against a smooth of P is more than the speed of Q
vertical wall, while its other end leans against the floor.
(d) Both P and Q moves with uniform speeds but the speed
The end that leans against the wall moves uniformly
of Q is more than the speed of P
downwards. Then,
(a) the other end also move uniformly 23 The velocity versus time curve of a moving point is shown
(b) the speed of other end goes on increasing in the figure below. The maximum acceleration is
(c) the speed of other end goes on decreasing Velocity (ms–1)
(d) the speed of other end first decreases and then increases
D E
80
20 Which of the following distance-time graphs is not possible? 70
x x 60
50
40
30
B C
t t 20
(a) (b) 10
x x F
A
O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Time (s)
t

t (a) 1 ms−2 (b) 6 ms −2

(c) (d) (c) 2 ms−2 (d) 1.5 ms−2
DAY TWO KINEMATICS 17

24 The velocity-time graph of a body in a straight line is as 27 When two bodies move uniformly towards each other the
shown in figure. distance between them decreases by 8 ms –1. If both
bodies move in the same direction with different speeds,
v (ms–1)
2 the distance between them increases by 2 ms −1. The
speeds of two bodies will be
1
(a) 4 ms−1 and 3 ms−1
0
1 2 3 4 5
t(s) (b) 4 ms−1 and 2 ms−1
–1 (c) 5 ms−1 and 3 ms−1
(d) 7 ms−1 and 3 ms−1
–2

The displacement of the body in five seconds is Direction (Q. Nos. 28-30) Each of these questions contains
(a) 2 m (b) 3 m (c) 4 m (d) 5 m two statements : Statement I (Assertion) and Statement II
(Reason). Each of these questions also has four alternative
25 All the graphs below are intended to represent the same
choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to
motion. One of them does it incorrectly. Pick it up.
select one of the codes (a), (b), (c), (d) given below.
ª JEE Main 2018
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, Statement II is
Velocity Distance
the correct explanation for Statement I
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, Statement II is
(a) Position (b) Time
not the correct explanation for Statement I
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
Position Velocity (d) Statement I is false, Statement II is true

28 Statement I A particle moving with a constant velocity,

(c) Time (d) Time
changes its direction uniformly.
Statement II In a uniform motion, the acceleration is zero.
26 A body is thrown vertically upwards. Which one of the 29 Statement I Two objects moving with velocities v1 and v 2
following graphs correctly represent the velocity versus in the opposite directions, have their relative velocity
time? ª JEE Main 2017 (Offline) along the direction of the one with a larger velocity.
Statement II The relative velocity between two bodies
v v
(a) (b) moving with velocity v1 and v 2 in same direction is given
t t
by v = v1 − v 2
30 Statement I Acceleration of a moving particle can be
change without changing direction of velocity.
v v
(c) (d) Statement II If the direction of velocity changes, so the
t
direction of acceleration also changes.
t
18 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY TWO

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 The velocity-time plot for a particle moving on a straight 4 A particle located at x = 0 at time t = 0, starts moving
line is as shown in figure, then along the positive x-direction with a velocity v that varies
as v = α x . The displacement of the particle varies
with time as
10
v (ms–1) (a) t 2 (b) t (c) t 1/ 2 (d) t 3
10 20 30
5 A stone is dropped from a certain height and reaches the
t (s)
ground in 5 s. If the stone is stopped after 3 s of its fall
–10
and then allowed to fall again, then the time taken by the
stone to reach the ground after covering the remaining
distance is
(a) the particle has a constant acceleration (a) 2 s (b) 3 s
(b) the particle has never turned around (c) 4 s (d) None of these
(c) the average speed in the interval 0 to 10 s is the same 6 A point moves with a uniform acceleration and v1, v 2, v 3
as the average speed in the interval 10 s to 20 s denote the average velocities in three successive
(d) Both (a) and (c) are correct intervals of time t1, t 2, t 3. Which of the following relations is
2 A body is at rest at x = 0. At t = 0, it starts moving in the correct?
positive x-direction with a constant acceleration. At the (a) (v1 − v 2 ) : (v 2 − v 3 ) = (t1 − t 2 ) : (t 2 + t 3 )
same instant another body passes through x = 0 moving (b) (v1 − v 2 ) : (v 2 − v 3 ) = (t1 + t 2 ) : (t 2 + t 3 )
in the positive x-direction with a constant speed. The (c) (v1 − v 2 ) : (v 2 − v 3 ) = (t1 − t 2 ) : (t1 − t 3 )
position of the first body is given by x1(t ) after time t and (d) (v1 − v 2 ) : (v 2 − v 3 ) = (t1 − t 2 ) : (t 2 − t 3 )
that of the second body by x 2(t ) after the same time
7 From the top of a tower of height 50 m, a ball is thrown
interval. Which of the following graphs correctly
vertically upwards with a certain velocity. It hits the
describes ( x1 − x 2 ) as a function of time t?
ground 10 s after it is thrown up. How much time does it
(x1 – x2) (x1 – x2) take to cover a distance AB where A and B are two points
20 m and 40 m below the edge of the tower?
( take,g = 10 ms – 2)
(a) (b)
(a) 2.0 s (b) 1 s (c) 0.5 s (d) 0.4 s
8 Car A is moving with a speed of 36 kmh −1 on a two lane
O t O t
road. Two cars B and C, each moving with a speed of
(x1 – x2) (x1 – x2) 54 kmh −1 in opposite directions on the other lane are
approaching car A. At certain instant of time, when the
distance AB = AC = 1 km, the driver of car B decides to
(c) (d)
overtake A before C does. What must be the minimum
acceleration of car B, so as to avoid an accident ?
O t O t
(a) 1 ms−2 (b) 4 ms−2 (c) 2 ms−2 (d) 3 ms−2
9 The displacement x of a particle varies with time,
3 The velocity of a particle is v = v 0 + gt + ft 2. If its position a
according to the relation x = (1 − e −bt ). Then
is x = 0 at t = 0, then its displacement after unit time b
(t = 1) is (a) the particle can not reach a point at a distance x from its
(a) v 0 + 2g + 3f starting position, if x > a / b
g f (b) at t = 1/ b, the displacement of the particle is nearly
(b) v 0 + +
2 3 (2 / 3) (a /b)
(c) v 0 + g + f (c) the velocity and acceleration of the particle at t = 0 are a
g and − ab respectively
(d) v 0 + +f
2 (d) the particle will come back its starting point as t → ∞
DAY TWO KINEMATICS 19

10 From the top of a tower, a stone is thrown up which 16 From a tower of height H, a particle is thrown vertically
reaches the ground in time t1. A second stone thrown upwards with a speed u. The time taken by the particle to
down, with the same speed, reaches the ground in time hit the ground, is n times that taken by it to reach the
t 2. A third stone released from rest, from the same highest point of its path. The relation between H, u and n
location, reaches the ground in a time t 3. Then, is ª 2014 JEE Main
1 1 1 (a) 2gH = n 2u 2 (b) gH = (n − 2)2 u 2
(a) = − (b) t 32 = t12 − t 22
t 3 t 2 t1 (c) 2gH = nu 2 (n − 2) (d) gH = (n − 2)2 u 2
t + t2
(c) t 3 = 1 (d) t 3 = t1 t 2 17 An object, moving with a speed of 6.25 ms −1, is
2 dv
decelerated at a rate given by = − 2.5 v , where, v is
11 A bullet moving with a velocity of 100 ms −1 can just dt
penetrate two plancks of equal thickness. The number of the instantaneous speed. The time taken by the object, to
such plancks penetrated by the same bullet, when the come to rest, would be
velocity is doubled, will be (a) 2 s (b) 4 s (c) 8 s (d) 1 s
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10 18 A ball is released from the top of a tower of height
12 The acceleration in ms − 2 of a particle is given by, h metre. It takes T second to reach the ground. What is
a = 3 t 2 + 2 t + 2 where, t is time. If the particle starts out T
the position of the ball in s?
with a velocity v = 2 ms −1 at t = 0, then the velocity at the 3
end of 2 s is h 7h
(a) m from the ground (b) m from the ground
(a) 36 ms−1 (b) 18 ms−1 (c) 12 ms−1 (d) 27 ms−1 9 9
8h 17h
13 A car, starting from rest, accelerates at the rate f through (c) m from the ground (d) m from the ground
9 18
a distance s, then continues at constant speed for time t
f 19 Two stones are thrown up simultaneously from the edge
and then decelerates at the rate to come to rest. If the
2 of a cliff 240 m high with initial speed at 10 ms −1 and
total distance travelled is 15 s, then 40 ms −1, respectively. Which of the following graph best
1 2 represents the time variation of relative position of the
(a) s = f t (b) s = ft
6 second stone with respect to the first? (Assume stones
1 2 1
(c) s = ft (d) s = f t 2 do not rebound after hitting the ground and neglect air
72 4 resistance, take g = 10 ms −2. The figures are schematic
14 The displacement of a particle is given by x = (t − 2)2 and not drawn to scale ª JEE Main 2015
where, x is in metres and t in seconds. The distance (y2 – y1)m (y2 – y1)m
240

240
covered by the particle in first 4 seconds is
(a) 4 m (b) 8 m (c) 12 m (d) 16 m (a) (b)
15 A metro train starts from rest and in five seconds
achieves 108 kmh −1. After that it moves with constant t 8 12
t(s)
12
t(s)
velocity and comes to rest after travelling 45 m with (y2 – y1)m (y2 – y1)m
240
240

uniform retardation. If total distance travelled is 395 m,

find total time of travelling.
(c) (d)
(a) 12.2 s (b) 15.3 s
(c) 9 s (d) 17.2 s t(s) t(s)
8 12 8 12

ANSWERS

SESSION 1 1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (c) 4 (a) 5 (a) 6 (b) 7 (b) 8 (b) 9 (b) 10 (b)
11 (d) 12 (b) 13 (b) 14 (c) 15 (a) 16 (d) 17 (b) 18 (a) 19 (c) 20 (c)
21 (d) 22 (c) 23 (b) 24 (b) 25 (b) 26 (b) 27 (c) 28 (d) 29 (d) 30 (c)

SESSION 2 1 (d) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (b) 7 (d) 8 (a) 9 (b) 10 (d)
11 (c) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (b) 15 (d) 16 (c) 17 (a) 18 (c) 19 (c)
20 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY TWO

Hints and Explanations

SESSION 1 6 The person at P will travel a distance and s2 = vt 2 −
1
× 3 × t 22
1 Displacement along North PO, with velocity along PO = u cos 30° 2
3
= 400 − 300 = 100 m Here, = t 1 t 2 − t 22
Q 2
Upward displacement = 1200 m
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
∴ Net displacement t
u t 1 = 3t 2 or t 2 = 1
= (100)2 + (1200)2 3
= 120415
. m ≈ 1200 m C A t 12 t 1 3 t 12 2 2
s1 + s2 = + t1 × − × = t1
2 When a body is projected vertically 2 3 2 9 3
u 30° O 2 2
upwards, at the highest point of its 1215 = t 1
motion, the velocity of the body 3
30°
becomes zero but acceleration is not P R 3 × 1215
B u ⇒ t1 =
zero. PO = PB sec 30° 2
d 2 d = 42.69 s
3 Time taken to travel first half distance, = × =
2 3 3 t1
t1 =
L /2
=
L Total time = t 1 + t 2 = t 1 + = 56.9 s
∴ Time of meeting, 3
v1 2v 1
distance d/ 3
Time taken to travel second half t = = 10 From v 2 − u2 = 2as
velocity u cos 30°
distance, 802 − 602
d/ 3 ⇒ =s
L /2 L =
t2 = = u 3 /2 2a
v2 2v 2
2d 6400 − 3600
Total time = t 1 + t 2 = s ⇒ s=
3u 2a
L L
= + 7 When a body is thrown up, its velocity 1400
2v 1 2v 2 =
goes on decreasing as air resistance is a
L1 1 small. When a body falls down, its
=  +  velocity goes on increasing as air
The middle point of the train has to
2  v1 v2 
resistance is large, t 2 increases. cover a distance
Total distance g s 700
∴ Average speed = 8 As, sn = u + (2n − 1) =
Total time 2 2 a
L g From v 2 − u2 = 2as
= = 0 + (2n − 1)
L1 1 2 700
v 2 − 602 = 2a × = 1400
+
2  v 1 v 2  Distance travelled in the first three a
second v = 1400 + 3600
2
2v 1 v 2 1
= From s = ut + at 2 v = 5000
v1 + v2 2
1 9 . kmh −1
= 707
4 Since, average velocity s3 = 0 × 3 + × g × 32 = g
2 2 11 Given, acceleration a = − kv 3
total displacement
= As, S n = s3 Initial velocity at cut-off, v 1 = v 0
total time taken
25
g
(2n − 1) =
9
g Initial time of cut-off, t = 0 and final time
= 2 2 after cut-off, t 2 = t
 75
  2n − 1 = 9 dv dv
 15 Again, a = = − kv 3 or 3 = − kdt
n= 5s dt v
25 × 15
= = 5m/s Integrating both sides, with in the
75 9 Let s1 be the distance travelled by the
condition of motion.
train moving with acceleration 1ms – 2
5 As, u = 0 and a is a constant v dv t

l 1
for time t 1 and s2 be the distance ∫v 0 v 3 = − ∫0 k dt
= a(2) 2 …(i) travelled by the train moving with
4 2 retardation 3 ms – 2 for time t 2 . If v is the or  − 1  = −[kt ] t
1  2v 2  0
l = at 2 …(ii) velocity of the train after time t 1 , then
2 1 1
On dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get v = 1 × t1 …(i) or − = kt
1 t2 2v 2 2v 20
l t2 s1 = × 1 × t 12 = 1 …(ii)
= , v0
l / 4 (2) 2 2 2 or v =
Also, v = 3t 2 …(iii) 1 + 2 kt v 20
t = 4s
DAY TWO KINEMATICS 21

12 Using, sn = u + a (2n − 1) 15 a = + g = 10 ms – 2 , At t = 2s,

2 5
s = 65m, t = ? x = × 8 + 3 × 4 = 18.66 m
a 6
12 = u + (2 × 3 − 1) …(i) 1
2 As, s = ut + at 2
a 2 19 If ( x, 0) and ( y , 0) are the coordinates of
20 = u + (2 × 5 − 1) …(ii)
2 ⇒ 65 = − 12t + 5 t 2 the end points of the rod at a given
location, then x2 + y 2 = l 2
On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), 5t − 12t − 65 = 0
2

we get This gives, (y, 0)

a
8 = (10 − 6) = 2a 12 ± 144 + 1300 12 ± 38
2 t = = = 5s
10 10
a = 4 ms – 2
4
From Eq. (i), 12 = u + × 5
16 From s = ut + 1 at 2 , (x, 0)
2 Differentiating it w.r.t. t, we get
2
1
u = 2 ms −1 x = 0 + × 10t 2 = 5 t 2 …(i) 2x
dx
+ 2y
dy
=0
2 dt dt
From v = u + at = 2 + 4 × 10 1
Also, x + 3 = 0 + × 10(t + 0.5) 2 dx dy / dt
= 42 ms –1 =−y
2 dt x
= 5 t 2 + + t 
13 As, v = u + at 1 …(i) 1 y
…(ii) and vx = − v y
 4  x
40 = 0 + a × 20
As, y decreases, x increases, so v x
a = 2 ms –2 Subtract Eq. (i) from decreases.
Eq. (ii), we get v x becomes zero when y is zero.
Now, v − u = 2as
2 2

3 = 5  + t  = + 5 t
1 5 x
402 − 0 = 2 × 2 × s1 20 The distance travelled can never be
4  4
negative in one dimensional motion.
s1 = 400 m 5
3 − = 5t 21 In one dimensional motion, there is a
s2 = v × t 2 …(ii) 4 3m single value of displacement at one
= 40 × 20 = 800 m 7 7 particular time.
= 5 t or t = s
and v = u + at …(iii) 4 20
22 As x-t graph is a straight line in either
0 = 40 + a × 40,
From v = u + at , case, velocity of both is uniform. As the
a = − 1 ms –2
slope of x - t graph for P is greater,
7
Also, v 2 − u2 = 2as v = 0 + 10 × = 3.5 ms − 1 therefore, velocity of P is greater than
20
that of Q.
02 − 402 = 2(−1) s3 17 v = 4t 3 − 2t …(i)
23 Maximum acceleration is represented by
s3 = 800 m dx the maximum slope of the velocity-time
= 4t 3 − 2t
∴Total distance travelled dt graph. Thus, it is the portion CD of the
= s1 + s2 + s3 80 − 20
On integration, we get, graph, which has a slope =
= 400 + 800 + 800 x = 2 = t 4 − t2 40 − 30

= 2000 m Let t2 = α = 6 ms −2 .
and total time taken = 20 + 20 + 40 ∴ 2 = α2 − α …(ii) 24 Displacement is the algebraic sum of area
= 80 s Let t =α
2 under velocity-time graph.
2000
∴ Average velocity = = 25ms −1 α2 − α − 2 = 0 As, displacement = area of triangles
80 + area of rectangle
14 Acceleration of the body down the (α − 2) (α + 1) = 0
∴ α = 2, α = − 1, v (ms–1)
plane = g cos θ
Distance travelled by ball in time t which is not possible A
2
second is t 2 = α = 2 or t = 2, E F
1
AB = (g cos θ) t 2 ...(i) Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. t,
2 dv O C H
= 12t 2 − 2 2 3 4 5
t (s)
From ∆ ABC, dt 1 B G
AB = 2R cos θ ...(ii)
a = 12 × 2 − 2 = 22 ms – 2 D
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1
2R cos θ = g cos θ t 2 18 Acceleration, a = dv = 5t + 6
2 dt
∆ OAB + ∆ ABC + ∆CDH + HEFG
On integrating, we get
4R
t =
2
5 dx 1 1 1
g v = t2 + 6 t = = ×2×2+ ×1×2+
2 dt 2 2 2
R Integrating again, × 1 × (− 2) + 1 × 1
or t =2 5 6
g x = t3 + t2 =2+ 1−1+ 1=3m
6 2
22 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY TWO

25 If velocity versus time graph is a straight 4 Given, v = α x 7 Given, v = − u, a = g = 10 ms –2 ,

line with negative slope, then dx Q v = dx 
acceleration is constant and negative. or =α x   s = 50 m, t = 10 s
dt  dt  1
With a negative slope distance-time As, s = ut + at 2 ,
dx 2
= α dt
graph will be parabolic  s = ut − at 2  .
1 or
1
 2  x ⇒ 50 = − u × 10 + × 10 × 102
On integration, 2
So, option (b) will be incorrect. On solving,
x dx t
u = 45ms −1
26 Initially velocity keeps on decreasing at ∫0 x
= ∫ α dt
0
a constant rate, then it increases in If t 1 and t 2 are the timings taken by the
[Q at t = 0, x = 0 and let at any time t,
negative direction with same rate. ball to reach the points A and B
particle is at x]
27 Case I x respectively, then
x1 /2
Relative velocity is v 1 + v 2 = 8 ⇒ = αt 1
1/2 0 20 = − 45 t 1 + × 10 × t 12
Case II 2
α
Relative velocity is v 1 − v 2 = 2 or x1 /2 = t 1
2 40 = − 45 t 2 + × 10 × t 22
On solving, α 2 2
or x= × t2 On solving, we get
v 1 = 5 ms −1 , v 2 = 3 ms −1 4
t 1 = 9.4 s and t 2 = 9.8 s
∴ x ∝ t2
28 When a particle moves with constant Time taken to cover the distance AB,
velocity, then acceleration of particle is 5 From s = ut + 1 at 2 , = (t 2 − t 1 )
zero and hence particle is not able to 2 = 9.8 − 9.4 = 0.4 s
change the direction. Hence, statement I 1
s = 0 + × 10 × 52 = 125m 8 Let us suppose that the cars A and B are
is false while statement II is true. 2
Hence, correct answer is (d). moving in the positive x-direction. Then,
Distance covered in 3 s, car C is moving in the negative
1
29 When two objects moving in opposite = 0 + × 10 × 32 = 45m x-direction.
direction, then their relative velocity 2 Therefore,
becomes (v 1 + v 2 ), hence statement I is Distance to be covered = 125 − 45 v A = 36 kmh −1 = 10 ms −1
false. When moves in same direction, = 80 m
v B = 54 kmh −1 = 15 ms −1
then relative velocity v = (v 1 − v 2 ), From s = ut + at 2
1
hence statement II is true. Hence, 2 and v C = − 54 kmh −1 = − 15 ms −1
correct answer is (d). 1 Thus, the relative speed of B with respect
80 = 0 + × 10t 2
30 Without changing direction of velocity, 2 to A is,
it is possible to change the acceleration ⇒ t2 =
80
= 16 v BA = v B − v A
of a moving particle, hence statement I 5 = 15 − 10 = 5 ms −1
is true, while statement II is false. ∴ t = 4s and the relative speed of C with respect
Hence, correct answer is (c). 6 Suppose velocity at O = zero to A is,
As average velocity in interval t 1 v CA = v C − v A = − 15 − 10
SESSION 2 is v 1 , = − 25ms −1
1 The slope of velocity-time graph gives ∴ Velocity at A = v 1 At time t = 0, the distance between A
acceleration. Since, the given graph is a As average velocity in interval t 2 and B = distance between A and
straight line and slope of graph is is v 2 , C = 1 km = 1000 m.
constant. Hence acceleration is ∴ Velocity at B = (v 2 − v 1 ) The car C covers a distance AC = 1000 m
constant. Thus, (a) is correct. The area and reaches car A at a time t given by
As average velocity in interval t 3
of v-t graph between 0 to 10 s is same as is v 3 , AC
between 10 s to 20 s. t =
Velocity at C = (v 3 − v 2 + v 1 ) |v CA|
2 As, x1 ( t ) = 1 at 2 and x2 ( t ) = vt Using v = u + at
1000 m
2 v 1 = 0 + at 1 …(i) = = 40 s
1 25 ms −1
∴ x1 − x2 = at 2 − vt (parabola) (v 2 − v 1 ) = 0 + a(t 1 + t 2 ) …(ii)
2 (v 3 − v 2 + v 1 ) = 0 + a(t 1 + t 2 + t 3 ) Car B will overtake car A just before car
Clearly, graph (b) represents it correctly. …(iii) C does and the accident can be avoided if
3 As, v = v 0 + gt + ft 2 or Subtract Eq. (i) from Eq. (iii), we get it acquires a minimum acceleration a
dx
= v 0 + gt + ft 2 (v 3 − v 2 ) = a (t 2 + t 3 ) …(iv) such that it covers a distance,
dt s = AB = 1000 m in time t = 40 s
Divide Eq. (ii) by Eq. (iv), we get
⇒ dx = (v 0 + gt + ft 2 ) dt travelling with a relative speed of
(v 2 − v 1 ) a(t 1 + t 2 )
x 1 = u = v BA = 5ms −1 .
So, ∫ 0 dx = ∫ 0(v 0 + gt + ft 2 ) dt (v 3 − v 2 ) a(t 2 + t 3 )
This gives, from
g f (v 1 − v 2 ) t 1 + t 2
⇒ x = v0 + + = 1 2
2 3 (v 2 − v 3 ) t 2 + t 3 s = ut + at , a = 1 ms −2
2
DAY TWO KINEMATICS 23

9 Velocity of the particle is given by We know that the relation for the or s + ( f t 1 ) t + 2 s = 15 s
dx d  a stopping distance s is  s = 1 f t2 
−bt  −bt  1
v = =  (1 − e ) = ae  
dt dt  b  v 2 = u2 + 2as 2
or ( f t 1 ) = 12s …(ii)
Acceleration of the particle is given by Since, v = 0,
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
dv d So, 2as = − u2
α = = (ae −bt ) = − abe −bt 12s ( f t 1 )t
dt dt As, s ∝ u2 =
s 1
At t = 1/ b , the displacement of the 2 2 ( f t 1 )t 1
s1  u1 
=   = 
100  1 2
particle is Hence,  =
s2  u2   200  4
t
x = (1 − e −1 ) ≈  1 −  =
a a 1 2 a or t1 =
b b  3 3 b Thus, s2 = 4 s1 = 8 x 6
Q e −1 ≈ 1  Hence, the number of plancks From Eq. (i), we get
  s
 3 = n2 = 2 = 8 1
s = f (t 1 ) 2
x 2
Thus, choice (b) is correct. At t = 0, the dv 2
value v and α are v = ae −0 = a 12 Given, a = = 3t + 2t + 2
2 1 t  1 2
= f  = ft
dt 2  6 72
and α = − ab e −0 = ab ⇒ dv = (3t 2 + 2t + 2) dt
The displacement x is maximum, when On integrating, this gives
14 Here, x = ( t − 2)2
t → ∞, v 2 v
∫u dv = ∫0(3t + 2t + 2) dt
2

4 ms-1
a a
i.e. x max = (1 − e − ∞ ) = 2
C
b b  3t 3 2t 2 
⇒ v −u=  + + 2t 
10 We know that, h = ut + 1 gt 2  3 2 0
2 B D
1 2 ⇒ v = u + [ t 3 + t 2 + 2t ] 20 O t
2s 4s
⇒ h = − ut + gt
2 v = 2 + [ 2 + 2 + 2 × 2]
3 2

– 4 ms-1
2u
and t = = t1 − t2 …(i) = 2 + 16 A
g
= 18 ms −1
A
C 13 The velocity-time graph for the given dx
Velocity, v = = 2 ( t − 2) ms −1
B situation can be drawn as below. dt
A Magnitudes of slope of OA = f dv
h Acceleration, a = = 2 ms −2
Y dt
(i.e. uniform)
When t = 0, v = −4 ms −1 ,
–1
Case I
1 2
h = − ut 1 + gt 1 …(ii)
v (ms ) A B t = 2 s, v = 0, t = 4s, v = 4 ms −1
2
Velocity (v ) - time (t) graph of this motion
1
Case II h = + ut 2 + gt 22 …(iii) is as shown in figure.
2 C
1 2 O X
Case III h = gt 3 …(iv) t1 t t2 Distance travelled
2 D E = Area AOB + Area BCD
t (s)
This gives, 4×2 4×2
2h 2u f = + = 8m
= t 2 + t 22 …(v) and slope of BC = 2 2
g g 2
Solving these, give us f 15 Given, v = 108 kmh −1 = 30 ms −1
v = f t1 = t2
t 32 = (t 1 − t 2 ) t 2 + t 22 2 From first equation of motion
t 2 = 2t 1 v = u + at
⇒ t3 = t1 t2 ∴ 30 = 0 + a × 5 (Q u = 0)
In graph area of ∆ OAD gives distance,
11 Given that the initial velocity of the 1 or a = 6 ms − 2
s = f t 12 …(i)
bullet in the first case is u1 = 100 ms −1 . 2 So, distance travelled by metro train in 5
s
Initial number of plancks, n1 = 2 Area of rectangle ABED gives distance
1 1
travelled in time t s1 = at 2 = × (6) × (5)2 = 75 m
Initial stopping distance 2 2
s2 = ( f t 1 )t
= s1 = n1 x = 2 x, Distance travelled in time t 2 ,
Distance travelled before coming to rest
with x as the thickness of one planck. = 45m
1f
s3 = (2t 1 ) 2 So, from third equation of motion
Similarly, Initial velocity of the bullet in 22
second case, Thus, s1 + s2 + s3 = 15 s 02 = (30)2 − 2a′ × 45
30 × 30
u2 = 2 × 100 = 200 ms −1 ⇒ s + ( f t 1 ) t + f t 12 = 15 s or a′ = = 10 ms −2
2 × 45
24 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY TWO

Time taken in travelling 45 m is 18 From equation law of motion gives, Consider the stones thrown up
30 simultaneously as shown in the diagram
t3 = = 3s 1
10 s = ut + gT 2 below. As motion of the second particle
2
Now, total distance = 395 m with respect to the first we have relative
1
i.e. 75 + s ′ + 45 = 395 m or h = 0 + gT 2 (Q u = 0) acceleration
2 |a21 |=|a2 − a1 |= g − g = 0.
or s′ = 395 − (75 + 45) = 275 m
∴ t2 =
275
= 9.2 s  2h  Thus, motion of first particle is straight
⇒ T =   line with respect to second particle till
30  g 
Hence, total time taken in whole the first particle strikes ground at a time
journey = t 1 + t 2 + t 3 t=0 is given by
u=0 1
= 5 + 9 . 2 + 3 = 17. 2 s −240 = 10t − × 10 × t 2
s T 2
16 Time taken to reach the maximum t=
h 3 or t 2 − 2 t − 48 = 0
u
height, t 1 =
g or t 2 − 8t + 6t − 48 = 0
O t=T
or t = 8, − 6
t1 u Ground
[As, t = − 6s is not possible]
H T
t2 At, t = s, i.e., t = 8s
3
2 Thus, distance covered by second
1 T 
If t 2 is the time taken to hit the ground, s= 0+ g  particle with respect to first particle in 8
2  3 s is
1 2
i.e. − H = ut 2 − gt 2 1 T2 s 12 = (v 21 ) t = (40 − 10) (8s)
2 or s= g⋅
But t 2 = nt 1 [Given] 2 9 = 30 × 8
g 2h  2h  = 240 m
nu 1 n2u2 ⇒ s= × ∴ T = 
So, − H = u − g
g 2 g2 18 g  g  Similarly, time taken by second particle
h to strike the ground is given by
nu2 1 n2u2 or s= m
−H = − 1
g 2 g
9 −240 = 40 t − × 10 × t
Hence, the position of ball from the 2
1 n2u2 nu2 n2u2 − 2nu2 − 240 = 40 t − 5t 2
H = − = h 8h
ground = h − = m
or
2 g g 2g 9 9 or 5 t 2 − 40 t − 240 = 0
2gH = n2u2 − 2nu2
19 Central idea concept of relative motion or t 2 − 8 t − 48 = 0
2gH = nu2 (n − 2) can be applied to predict the nature of
motion of one particle with respect to t 2 − 12 t + 4 t − 48 = 0
17 Given, dv = − 2.5 v
dt the other. or t (t − 12) + 4 (t − 12) = 0
⇒
dv
= − 2.5dt or t = 12, − 4
v 40 ms-1
(As, t = − 4 s is not possible)
0 t 10 ms-1 t = 12 s
⇒ ∫ 6.25 v −1 /2 dv = − 2.5 ∫ dt i.e.
240 m

0
Thus, after 8 s, magnitude of relative
⇒ − 2.5 [ t ] t0 = [2 v 1 /2 ] 0625
. Cliff
velocity will increase upto 12 s when
second particle strikes the ground.
= 2(− 6.25) = 2 × 2.5 Hence, graph (c) is the correct
description.
⇒ t = 2s