E3S Web of Conferences 491, 02002 (2024) https://doi.org/10.

1051/e3sconf/202449102002
ICECS'24

A STUDY ON WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT

AND RECOMMENDATION FOR SAFE DISPOSAL
* 1Hajera Anam, 2Ranjit Ambad, 3 Priyanka Deshmukh, 4Minal Kalambe
1Post-Graduate Student Datta Meghe Medical College, Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research
Centre, Nagpur
2Professor Dept. of Biochemistry Dr. Rajendra Gode Medical College, Amravati
3Associate Professor Dept. of Anaesthesiology Datta Meghe Medical College, Shalinitai Meghe

Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur

4Senior Resident Dept. of OBGY Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical

Sciences Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha

Abstract: By conducting awareness campaigns, putting safety measures in

place, and collaborating with a specialist to remove medical wastes properly,
you can do your bit to reduce the hazards associated with improperly
managing these wastes. To protect your facilities and personnel, handling
biohazardous waste disposal is crucial. Suppose a biohazardous waste
container such as a sharps container or a hazardous waste container is not
properly disposed of. In that case, it might seriously endanger the safety of
both personnel and guests. Biohazardous waste management may also
involve transporting biohazardous items to a designated area for safe
disposal. Safe ecosystems and healthy populations depend on effective
biomedical waste treatment. The opinions on BMWM, laws, customs, and
treatment methods now in use across the world are reviewed in this article.
The best-case scenario would be for B7 yMWM to be the focus of a national
plan with specialised infrastructure, cradle-to-grave laws, an effective
regulatory body, and trained employees.
Keywords: biomedical waste, environments, safe disposal and hazardous
waste.

1.Introduction:
If you work in a hospital, it is your job to ensure that the proper waste disposal procedures
are in place. You can do this by ensuring that a viable/legal way of disposing of medical
waste is provided and ensuring that you follow all state, federal, and hospital rules. This can
be regained by working with your facility’s environmental health department infectious
waste management program. The public's health suffers when biological waste is handled
improperly. It is necessary to handle biological waste in a consistent and safe manner. This
article discusses the 2016 biomedical waste standards, including its key elements,

*
Corresponding Authour : [email protected]

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 491, 02002 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449102002
ICECS'24

classification of biological waste, sources, and color-coding scheme. For a safer and greener
environment, it is necessary to manage biomedical waste in a way that is economical,
environmentally friendly, and less polluting. The community and related personnel are very
interested in raising awareness about trash management.[1]
Unregulated biomedical waste management (BMWM) is a problem for public health. This
has led to a major threat to human health and safety as well as the environment for both
current and future generations. Biomedical waste (BMW) must be treated in a trustworthy
and safe manner. Effective BMWM is both morally required and legally mandated. The best
way to handle biomedical waste is to start with waste reduction. Different types of BMW are
disposed of in line with national standards, norms, and laws on BMWM for the protection of
healthcare personnel, patients, the general public, and the environment. [2]
In order for different health organisations to readily implement the most recent biomedical
waste (BMW) management criteria, which were adopted in 2016, they have been streamlined
and made easier. The newest rules have decreased the number of BMW categories from 10
to four. These most recent rules have undergone several modifications, which are summarised
in the article that follows. The categorization of hospital waste is crucial, thus the trash must
be separated at the point of creation in accordance with the categories specified in the most
recent recommendations. We must abandon outdated facilities like incineration since it
produces hazardous vapours (dioxins and furans) that are bad for both human health and the
environment. Instead, we must use newer facilities like plasma pyrolysis, encapsulation, and
incineration. When processing the waste produced by hospitals, we may even consider
employing these wastewater treatment facilities to eliminate the genes associated with
antibiotic resistance. [3]
Aim:
A study on hospital waste management and safe waste management recommendations.
Objectives:
To collect information on the –
1. Disposal of medical wastes:
It has to list the quantity of waste, the transport date, and the name of the hauler who will
take the trash away. With this method, everything is properly documented all across the
disposal procedure.
2. Determining the types of hazardous medical wastes produced in hospital:
Weather the waste is hazardous, infectious, radioactive or general.
3. Collection:
Collection of waste from the healthcare centres with proper procedure
4. Handling:
Precautions must be taken before handling the biomedical wastes as it can be hazardous and
infectious to health.
5. Treatment:There is a proper technique of disposing biomedical by incineration and
other methods.

2.MATERIAL AND METHODS :

After taking Institutional Ethical clearance, the study was conducted at a tertiary level
centre Hospital at Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka This is a full-fledged 800 bedded hospital
with adequate medical, paramedical staff and equipped with modern facilities. The data
was collected through observation and interview with the help of a validated
questionnaire prepared for staff, doctors, nurses and employees of operation theatres,
laboratories, laundry and central sterilization departments of the hospital. The primary data
was collected by observation and structured validated questionnaire and secondary data
was collected from literature.

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3.REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
According to Pandey A et.al. a change in policy is required. Future versions of the new policy
will be designed with the BMW 2016 in mind. After receiving approval from the hospital
management committee, the policy change will be implemented after informing the HCPs
about it.[4]
In accordance with Datta P et.al., effective management of biomedical waste (BMWM)
necessitates a collaborative approach supported by robust legislation, dedicated government
endorsement, and the adoption of exemplary BMW practices by healthcare professionals and
healthcare facilities (HCFs). It is our fundamental entitlement to reside in a hygienic and
secure environment. The pillars of BMWM lie in waste segregation at the source and waste
reduction (WR). The updated BMWM guidelines of 2016 surpass previous regulations in
terms of enhanced segregation, transportation, and disposal methods, aiming to mitigate
environmental pollution and ensure the safety of personnel, patients, and the general public.
Furthermore, it is imperative to foster the development of innovative, eco-friendly solutions
for BMW disposal and encourage greater utilization of non-PVC medical equipment. All
participants in BMWM must strive to guarantee a cleaner and more sustainable environment.
[5]
According to Manar MK et. al.'s study, it is critical to put into practise efficient techniques
to enhance the management and treatment of biomedical waste (BMW) in Lucknow's
hospitals. This may be accomplished by giving staff members thorough training, enforcing
rules strictly, and regularly inspecting healthcare facilities. According to observations, each
bed in Lucknow's eight non-teaching hospitals produces 0.56 kg of hospital trash on a daily
average. However, it is alarming that almost 50.5 percent of these facilities lack coloured
garbage cans and a separate BMW department. BMW records and source segregation are
also not used in 37.5 percent of the institutions. It is important to note that only hospital A
uses an incinerator to handle BMW, whereas hospitals G and H lack any equipment for
treating BMW. [6]
According to research by Adu RO et al., the present trash sorting and management practises
in five hospitals in Ghana have been shown to be insufficient for efficiently managing
hospital waste, especially in high-risk regions. A significant problem affecting the
effectiveness of trash collection and management as well as the overall integrity of the final
waste treatment procedures has been found as the absence of uniform colour coding and
labelling for various kinds of hospital waste. Additionally, when comparing health
professionals depending on their employment or work environment, substantial disparities in
trash sorting behaviour were discovered.[7]
According to Singh et al.'s research, participants showed a considerable increase in their
comprehension of BMW (M and H) regulations following a well-structured training
workshop. Such a training regimen must be repeated frequently in order to be successful.
Furthermore, it is advised that any revisions or instructions provided by the government
regarding the BMW (M and H) rules be incorporated into any future training programmes.
The Department of Environment & Climate Change, Government of Haryana, provided
funding for this research through the Centre for Disaster Management, HIPA, Gurugram
(Haryana), India. [8]
According to Sarvathikari R et.al. The two most prevalent problems were the lack of regular
BMW pickup and the requirement for larger BMW disposal containers. This can be the case
since the disposal agent's services offer less wasteful manpower pickup and a wider
geographic coverage. Some practitioners still lacked this even though the majority of survey
participants were informed about and actively involved in management. A knowledge gap
may be seen in more than half of the answers to the questions on managing and storing BMW
management.[9]

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Based on the research conducted by Hasan MM et.al., the study concludes that the
incineration system is the most suitable waste treatment option for Khulna city, considering
technical suitability as well as environmental, economic, and social factors. However, it is
essential to ensure the continuous maintenance of the system by employing appropriate air
pollution control equipment. Among the alternative treatment methods evaluated, microwave
treatment ranked second, followed by autoclaving, when considering all parameters. It is
important to note that the assessment of treatment alternatives in this study heavily relies on
the subjective evaluations of experts and is subject to potential bias in the selection and
weighting of criteria. Moreover, the study did not account for seasonal variation when
determining the waste generation rate. Therefore, to comprehensively evaluate the
sustainability of these management options, a more extensive study is required, involving a
larger number of highly qualified experts, an extended period of data collection, and
considering seasonal variance. Additionally, a wide range of Multiple Criteria Decision-
Making (MCDM) approaches should be developed to effectively evaluate different choices
for healthcare waste (HCW) treatment. The findings of this study will contribute to the
development of recommendations for healthcare waste management (HCWM) planning and
design not only in Khulna city but also in other municipalities in developing countries. [10]
MATERIAL AND METHODS :
After taking Institutional Ethical clearance, the study was
conducted at a tertiary level centre Hospital at Dakshina
Kannada, Karnataka This is a full-fledged 800 bedded hospital
with adequate medical, paramedical staff and equipped with
modern facilities. The data was collected through observation
and interview with the help of a validated questionnaire
prepared for staff, doctors, nurses and employees of operation
theatres, laboratories, laundry and central sterilization
departments of the hospital. The primary data was collected by
observation and structured validated questionnaire and
secondary data was collected from literature.

4.MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This present study will be carried out at Datta Meghe Medical College, Shalinitai Meghe
Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur in collaboration with Jawaharlal Nehru Medical
College with proper medical, paramedical, nursing staff and equipped with modern facilities.
The data for this research will be collected through observations and interview. We will take
interviews of doctors, nurses, laboratories, operation theatres, laundry and central
sterilization department employees of the hospital. The primary data will be collected by
observation and secondary data will collected from literature.
Research Questions:
1. What is the procedure of biomedical disposal according to norms?
2. What are the objectives of the biomedical waste management study?
3. What is the instrument of research in a biomedical waste management study?
4. Is biomedical waste management in hospitals a moderate process?
5. What has past research taught us about biomedical waste management?

5.Expected Outcome:
It is impossible to overstate the value of healthcare waste management in protecting the
environment and the general population. Various difficulties in healthcare waste management

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E3S Web of Conferences 491, 02002 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449102002
ICECS'24

and disposal have been the subject of prior study, which has been published in a number of
publications, major research areas, and research groups. In this article we will see what are
the proper waste of disposing biomedical wastes and safety recommendations of disposal for
the safety of employees, workers and the environment.

6.Reference:
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2. Capoor MR, Bhowmik KT. Current perspectives on biomedical waste management:
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3. Singhal L, Tuli AK, Gautam V. Biomedical waste management guidelines 2016: What's
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4. Pandey A, Ahuja S, Madan M, Asthana AK. Bio-Medical Waste Managment in a
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6. Manar MK, Sahu KK, Singh SK. Hospital waste management in nonteaching hospitals
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8. Singh S, Dhillon BS, Nityanand, Shrivastava AK, Kumar B, Bhattacharya S.
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10.4103/jehp.jehp_704_19. PMID: 32642483; PMCID: PMC7325787.
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10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_867_21. PMID: 35645069.
10. Hasan MM, Rahman MH. Assessment of Healthcare Waste Management Paradigms and
Its Suitable Treatment Alternative: A Case Study. J Environ Public Health. 2018 Jul
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