Science Y7
Science Y7
Science Workbook
Acids are CORROSIVE (eat into materials). They react with some metals to form
hydrogen gas and a salt. Acids have a sour taste, and many are poisonous. A purple
dye called LITMUS changes to a red colour in acids.
Alkalis are the chemical opposites of acids, but some of them are also very corrosive.
They dissolve in water and often have a soapy feel. Alkalis turn litmus blue and they
can be used to NEUTRALISE (cancel out) acids. A NEUTRAL solution is neither acid
or alkali.
Acids Alkalis
STRONG WEAK STRONG WEAK
These are the poisonous ethanoic acid in vinegar sodium hydroxide soap
mineral acids:
citric acid in fruit juices oven cleaner sodium bicarbonate
- hydrochloric acid (baking powder)
- sulphuric acid carbonic acid in soda water washing powder
pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
N
STRONG ACIDS WEAK ACIDS E WEAK ALKALIS STRONG ALKALIS
U
T
R
Acids becoming stronger A Alkalis becoming stronger
L
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.60. Acids and metals. Name ………………………………………
Metals that are more reactive than copper will react with acids to form hydrogen gas
and a salt.
The more reactive the metal is, the faster the reaction will be. The experiment below
shows the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium.
unreacted
magnesium water evaporates off
hydrochloric acid
salt
hydrogen gas
magnesium ribbon heat
Exercise – Complete the missing words in the sentences and equations below.
5) Hydrogen is an E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gas.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.61. Acids and bases. Name ………………………………………
Bases can neutralise (cancel out) acids. Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis.
A base reacts with an acid to form a salt and water :
For example, if sodium hydroxide, which is a very strong alkali, is reacted with
hydrochloric acid then sodium chloride (common salt) is formed.
The experiment below shows the reaction between calcium carbonate (marble chips)
and hydrochloric acid.
unreacted
marble chips water evaporates off
hydrochloric acid
salt
carbon dioxide
marble chips heat
Exercise – Complete the missing words in the sentences and equations below.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.62. Neutralisation. Name ………………………………………
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.63. Acid rain. Name ………………………………………
Oil and coal release sulphur dioxide gas when they burn. This gas goes into the air and
dissolves in rain droplets to form ACID RAIN. In some parts of Europe acid rain has
destroyed plant and animal life in lakes and forests. Acid rain also causes corrosion of
metal and stonework.
SULPHUR
DIOXIDE
Exercise – Use the diagrams above to help you complete the sentences below.
5) If a lake becomes too acidic the fish and other water life will D _ _
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.64. Electric current and voltage. Name ……………………………………
Voltmeter
reads 1.5 V
current
Symbols
Ammeter switch
A cell (battery).
reads 3A CLOSED
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.65. Series and parallel circuits. Name ………………………………………
Exercise 1
The diagrams below show the two ways of adding two bulbs to a circuit. Study them
carefully and then try to fill in the missing words in the passages underneath. Choose
from the list of words at the bottom.
Bulbs in parallel
Bulbs in series 6 amps
6 amps
3 amps switch
switch 3 amps CLOSED
CLOSED
3 amps
Exercise 2 – Study the two circuit diagrams below and then try to complete the sentences.
circuit 1 circuit 2
A 1
open closed
A B B 2
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.66. Electrical resistance. Name ………………………………………
Short circuits.
An electric current always takes the easiest route
around a circuit. In the diagram opposite the bulb
Copper wire makes
does not light up because it is easier for the
a short circuit.
current to pass through the copper wire than
through the bulb. The bulb has a bigger resistance
than the wire. This is called a SHORT CIRCUIT.
The thin wire inside a light bulb is called a F _ _ _ _ _ _ _ This does not
let the C _ _ _ _ _ _ pass through it easily because it has a high
electrical R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ When a bulb lights, electrical energy is
being changed into H _ _ _ and light energy. C _ _ _ _ _ is a metal with
a very low resistance which is why it is used for electric wires.
The thinner a wire is the M _ _ _ resistance it has. Resistors are used in
electrical devices to stop currents getting too H _ _ _ A variable
resistor is used to change the S _ _ _ of the current in a circuit. They
are used as dimmer switches in household L _ _ _ _ _ Variable resistors
are also used as V _ _ _ _ _ controls in televisions and radios.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.67. Magnets. Name ………………………………………
The magnetic metals are iron, steel, cobalt and nickel. They are attracted to magnets
and can become magnetized themselves. There are invisible magnetic forces around a
magnet. This is called a MAGNETIC FIELD. The forces are strongest around the
ends, which are called the NORTH (N) POLE and the SOUTH (S) POLE.
compass
N S S N S N
REPEL ATTRACT
Exercise 1 – Underneath each diagram write down whether the magnets will attract or repel.
S N N N S S
Exercise 2
The diagrams below show three steel pins. Two of them are magnetized (have become
magnets) and one is not. Try to work out which of the pins are magnets.
pin A pin B pin B pin C
ATTRACT ATTRACT
pin A pin C
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.68. Electromagnets. Name ………………………………………
N S
When the current is switched off the iron bar loses its magnetism. If a
steel bar is put into the solenoid it stays a permanent magnet after the
current is switched off.
4) The _ _ _ _ turns of wire on the coil the stronger the magnetic field.
The diagrams below show how electromagnets are used in various devices. Try to
complete the missing words in the passages underneath each one.
push switch
electromagnet
contacts
gong
hammer scrap iron and steel
iron lever
switch contacts
electromagnet
electric motor
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.70. Speed. Name ………………………………………
The SPEED of a moving object is the DISTANCE it travels divided by the TIME that
it takes.
Units for speed
SPEED = DISTANCE ÷ TIME or DISTANCE metres per second (m/s)
TIME miles per hour (mph)
kilometres per hour (km/h)
The example below shows how to work out the speed of a toy car.
push
Exercise 1 – Work out the answers to the problems below. REMEMBER UNITS.
3) A boy cycles 20 miles in 2 hours. His average speed = _____ = _____ mph
Exercise 2 – Use the formula triangle to help you work out the problems below.
2) An athlete sprints at 10m/s. How long does it take him to complete a 200m race?
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.71. Force and movement. Name ………………………………………
A FORCE is a PUSH or PULL. Force is measured in NEWTONS (N). Forces can speed
up or slow down objects. The diagrams below show how different forces can affect
the movement of a car.
1. Force from the engine 2. As the car speeds up the force 3. The car reaches a steady speed
makes the car begin to move. of air resistance gets bigger. when the two forces are equal.
When the force pushing against the car is the same size as the force from the engine
the car stops accelerating and travels at a steady speed.
Forces can also make objects change direction. The diagram below shows this.
Force from engine Force of air resistance Force from engine Force of air resistance
is 500N. is 300N. is 500N. is 500N.
Table pushes up
with a force of 5N.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.72. Friction. Name ………………………………………
Friction is a force that stops two surfaces sliding past each other. It is caused by
tiny bumps on the surfaces which catch together.
2. Brakes on bicycles and cars use friction 2. Air resistance is a type of friction that
to slow down the wheels. slows down vehicles. The faster the vehicle
travels the greater the air resistance
bicycle tyre
becomes. Car bodies are designed so that
the air slips smoothly over the bonnet.
rubber brake
block
blocks grip wheel
rim to slow it down
3. Air resistance is a type of friction that Poor design – air hits against bonnet
and slows the car down. The engine
slows down parachutes.
must work hard to keep at a high speed.
air resistance
The force that stops two surfaces sliding past each other is called
………………… If there was no friction between our shoes and the ground our
feet would ………………… when we tried to walk. Rubber brake blocks grip
against the ………………… of a bicycle wheel in order to slow it down. A
parachute reaches a steady speed when the force of ………………… pulling it
down is balanced by the air resistance pushing ………………… Friction
between the moving parts of machinery can cause it to over …………………
The friction can be ………………… by using oil or ………………… The ………………… a
car moves the greater the air resistance is that pushes against it.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.73. Turning forces. Name ………………………………………
The size of the turning force can be increased by increasing the length of the lever.
apply force
pivot
apply force
pivot
load
Using a wheelbarrow to carry heavy loads.
1) A _ _ _ _ _ is a turning point.
PRESSURE (N/m2) = FORCE (N) Another unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa)
AREA (m2) 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa
Snow shoes
These spread a person’s
weight over a large area Knife edge – large pressure to cut into materials.
which prevents them from
sinking into soft snow. Stiletto heel
When all of the woman’s
Washers weight is resting on the
A washer spreads the heel it produces a very
force from the nut which large pressure. This can
stops it being pulled into cause damage to floors
wood. with soft surfaces.
1) A man weighs 800N. The area of BOTH of his boots is 0.08m2. What pressure
does he place on the ground when he stands still?
2) A woman weighs 500N. The area of ONE of her stiletto heels is 0.0002m2. What
pressure does she place on the ground when she puts her weight onto one heel?
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.75. Reflection. Name ………………………………………
We can see objects because light travels from them into our eyes. LUMINOUS
objects make their own light, e.g. the Sun, a light bulb and a candle. Most objects do
not make their own light. We see them because light bounces off them into our eyes.
This is called REFLECTION.
Mirrors.
Mirrors have a very smooth, shiny surface. All of the light rays bounce off them at
the same angle. This is what makes a clear REFLECTION.
Light rays are reflected off the paper in Light rays hitting a mirror are all reflected
all directions due to its rough surface. at the same angle due to its smooth surface.
The rays that hit the mirror are called the INCIDENT RAYS. The diagram above
shows that the REFLECTED RAYS leave the surface of the mirror at the same
angle that they came in at.
2) Underline the objects below that give off their own light.
TORCH BOOK CANDLE MIRROR GLOW WORM MOON SUN COIN FIREWORK
mirror
normal line
45°
normal line
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.76. Refraction of light. Name ………………………………………
AIR
GLASS
This wheel slows
down first.
SAND
EYE
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.77. The spectrum. Name ………………………………………
This spreading out of colours is called DISPERSION. It also happens when light hits
rain drops which is how rainbows form. An easy way to remember the order that the
colours appear in is to remember this rhyme :
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.78. Coloured objects in coloured lights. Name …………………………
A white object reflects all seven colours of the spectrum. A red object looks red
because it only allows red light to reflect off it. The rest of the colours of the
spectrum are absorbed by the object.
R O Y G B I V R O Y G B I V
Only red light Only green light
is reflected is reflected
into the eye. into the eye.
In red light the red book still looks red because it reflects the red light. If the book
is placed in any other colour of light it will absorb the light . No light is reflected off
the book into the eye so it looks black.
Exercise – For the items of clothing in the table below write down the colours that they
would look in the different lights shown. Some have been done for you.
Item of clothing In white light In red light In green light In blue light
white shirt GREEN
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.79. Hearing. Name ………………………………………
We hear things when SOUND WAVES pass into our ears. The diagram below shows
the parts of the human ear and how we hear.
Hearing ranges.
The range of pitches that a person can hear is called their HEARING RANGE.
Different people have different hearing ranges. Young people can hear higher pitched
sounds than older people. Young people can also hear quieter sounds.
Hearing damage.
The sense cells in the cochlea are very delicate. If a person is exposed to very loud
noises over a long time the sense cells can become damaged and the person can
become partially deaf. This is why people who work in very noisy places must wear ear
protection. This is also the reason why it is dangerous to listen to personal stereos at
too high a volume.
Exercise – Join up the parts of the ear with their correct descriptions below.
ear drum a tube that carries sound waves to the ear drum
ear canal a tight sheet of skin that vibrates when sound waves hit it
cochlea pass the vibrations from the ear drum to the cochlea
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.80. Sound. Name ………………………………………
Sound waves.
Vibrating forks make
Sound waves are made by vibrating the air vibrate.
objects. The diagram shows a tuning fork.
The ends of the fork are vibrating (moving Sound waves
tuning fork
backwards and forwards) very quickly. This
makes sound waves.
2) Sound travels as W _ _ _ _
A B C D
HIGH PITCH AND QUIET = ___ HIGH PITCH AND LOUD = ___
LOW PITCH AND QUIET = ___ LOW PITCH AND LOUD = ___
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.81. Comparing Light and Sound. Name ………………………………………
In air light travels at a speed of 300,000,000 metres per second. Sound travels much
more slowly at a speed of about 330 metres per second. This is why we see an
exploding firework before we hear it.
exploding
firework Sound takes longer to reach
your ears.
Light can only travel through TRANSPARENT materials such as water and glass.
Sound must have a MEDIUM (substance) to travel through because something is
needed to pass on the vibrations. Sound travels better through solids than it does
through air.
Sound in a vacuum.
Sound can travel through solids, liquids and Air is pumped out.
gases. The diagram shows a bell jar that contains
an electronic buzzer. As the air is pumped out of bell jar
the jar the sound of the buzzer becomes
quieter. When there is no air left inside the jar electronic buzzer
(a vacuum) the buzzer cannot be heard because (the sound gets
quieter until it can
there is nothing to carry the vibrations. SOUND
no longer be heard)
CANNOT TRAVEL THROUGH A VACUUM.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.82. Day and night. Name ………………………………………
The Earth spins around an imaginary line called its AXIS. The axis runs from the
North to the South pole. The Earth turns once every twenty four hours (one day).
During the day we face towards the Sun and at night we face away from the Sun.
N
Britain The Earth spins around its AXIS.
S
Sunrise and sunset.
The Sun and other stars APPEAR to slowly move across the sky because the Earth is
turning. The sun rises in the EAST and sets in the WEST.
SUN
midday
stick
It takes 365 days and 6 hours for the Earth to complete one orbit of the Sun. We
make one year 365 days but every four years we need to add on an extra day to make
up for the six extra hours. This is why a LEAP year has 366 days.
During a year in Britain the weather gradually changes from warm Summer to cold
Winter and back again. The different SEASONS are caused by the tilt of the Earth
on its axis. The diagram below shows how this happens.
Spring
st
On March 21 there is equal length
day and night.
Summer Winter
Long days and Short days and
short nights. long nights.
Britain is tilted Britain is tilted
towards the Sun. away from the
Sun.
SUN
Autumn
On September 21st there is equal length
day and night.
Exercise – Study the diagram above and then try to complete the sentences below.
The Sun and other stars are sources of light. Planets orbit stars and do not make
their own light. We can sometimes see the moon and some of the planets at night
because they REFLECT light from the Sun. The SOLAR SYSTEM is our Sun together
with the nine planets that orbit it. The order of the nine planets starting with the
one closest to the Sun is :
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
An easy way to remember the order of the planets is to remember this rhyme :
The diagram below gives an idea of how far the planets are from the Sun.
S
U
N
M VE M J S U N P
. .. . . . . . .
5,900 million km.
The diagram below shows how the planets compare in size. The length of each planet’s
year (orbit time) is also given underneath each one (d = days, y = years.)
J S
U N P
M V E M
248y
88d
687d
225d 365d 84y 165y
29y
12y
THE FURTHER THE PLANET IS FROM THE SUN THE LONGER IT TAKES TO ORBIT.
3) The further the planet is from the Sun the _ _ _ _ _ _ is its year.
The planets are attracted towards the sun by an invisible force called GRAVITY. This
is what keeps the planets in orbit. In the same way the Moon orbits the Earth
because of the pull of gravity between them. Any object that travels around a planet
in this way is called a SATELLITE. Humans have sent artificial satellites into space.
These are very useful in several ways.
Moon
The Moon travels anticlockwise around the Artificial satellites have the following uses :
Earth. It takes 27.3 days to complete one
orbit. During this time the Moon changes 1. To observe and photograph the Earth.
from a full moon to nothing and then back 2. To study weather systems.
to a full moon again. This happens because 3. To send radio and TV signals around the
we only see the part of the Moon which world.
reflects light from the Sun. The part that 4. To look deeper into Space. In Space
is in shadow does not show up. We see there is no atmosphere (air) to cloud our
different amounts of the lit side as the view. The Hubble telescope is a satellite
Moon travels around the Earth. Early people that has helped us to discover more
used this cycle to keep track of the months. about the Universe.
The Moon orbits the Earth because of the pull of …………………… Any object
that orbits the Earth is called a ……………………………… The …………………… is the
Earth’s natural satellite. It takes about twenty seven days for the Moon
to complete one …………………… During this time the Moon appears to change
shape from a …………………… moon to nothing and then back again.
If a satellite is given too much …………………… it will escape into Space. If it
has too little speed the force of gravity will pull it back down to
…………………… The Hubble ……………………………… is a satellite that helps us to
see much more clearly into Space. It can do this because in Space there
is no …………………… to block our view.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.86. The Moon and its phases. Name ………………………………………
The Moon appears to change shape as it travels around the Earth. This happens
because we only see the part of the Moon that reflects light from the Sun. The
diagram below shows how this happens.
A half moon
at 21 days.
A crescent moon.
A new moon
SUN at 0 days.
A full moon
at 14 days.
A half moon
at 7 days.
The changing appearance of the Moon is called its PHASES. The complete cycle from
one new Moon to the next takes 29.5 days even though it only takes the Moon 27.3
days to completely orbit the Earth. The difference between these two times is
because the Earth also slowly changes position as it orbits the Sun.
Most of the energy that we use to heat our homes and to power our machines comes
from FOSSIL FUELS. These are coal, oil and natural gas. It takes millions of years
for fossil fuels to form from the remains of dead plants and animals. We say that
they are NON-RENEWABLE because once we have used them up we cannot replace
them. In the future we will need to rely more upon RENEWABLE energy resources
(those that will not run out).
Gravitational energy
Water is stored at a height in
dams. As it rushes downhill
gravitational energy is changed
into moving energy. This can
be used to turn turbines which
produce electricity.
Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. The diagram below shows how we
can always trace energy resources back to energy from the Sun.
Heat is absorbed by
Solar panels absorb the atmosphere and
energy and use it to causes winds which can
heat water. be used to turn wind
turbines and produce
electrical energy.
Sun
coal
Energy in food. Wood can be burnt as a fuel. Fossil fuels form over millions of years.
Most people use electricity many times every day. Electricity is GENERATED
(produced) in power stations before it is sent to homes and factories. A number of
energy resources can be used to generate electricity. Large TURBINES that are
connected to GENERATORS are made to turn. As the generators turn they produce
the electricity. The diagram below shows how this works.
Turbines
Generator
Many power stations burn coal to heat water. As the water boils steam is produced
under high pressure. The turbines are pushed around by the force of the steam. Only
about one third of the chemical energy inside the coal is changed into electrical
energy. The other two thirds of the energy is lost to the surroundings as heat.
Some power stations use wind power to push the turbines around. In a
HYDROELECTRIC power station water rushing downhill is used to turn the turbines.
4) Coal powered electricity stations are wasteful because only about one
_ _ _ _ _ of the chemical energy inside the coal is changed into
electrical energy.
6) In the future _ _ _ _ and water power may become the main ways of
generating electricity because they will never run out.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.90. Energy changes. Name ………………………………………
Energy is always changing from one form into another. The diagram below
shows the energy changes in a torch.
Exercise – Write down the energy changes for the objects below.
1) GRAVITATIONAL ………………………
light
3) ……………………… ELECTRICAL
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.