PRELIMS-P.

Lesson 1 - Volleyball (HISTORY AND INTRODUCTION)

BRIEF HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

 Originally known as "mintonette," volleyball was the brainchild of American
William G. Morgan, who came up with the idea for the new sport in 1895. As a
student at the Springfield College in Massachusetts, he had befriended James
Naismith who, in 1891, had himself invented basketball.

 Morgan was keen for his sport to offer a less physically intense and demanding
alternative to Naismith's basketball, one that would appeal to a far broader range
of ages and physical abilities. Describing his early experimentations, he said: "In
search of an appropriate game, tennis occurred to me, but this required rackets,
balls, a net and other equipment, so it was eliminated, but the idea of a net
seemed a good one. We raised it to a height of about 6 feet, 6 inches [1.98
meters] from the ground, just above the head of an average man. We needed a
ball and among those we tried was a basketball bladder, but this was too light
and too slow. We therefore tried the basketball itself, which was too big and too
heavy."

 It was not until 1900 that a specially designed all - lighter and smaller - was
devised, which opened up whole new range of tactical and technical possibilities
T the sport. The offensive style of setting and spiking as first showcased in 1916,
in the Philippines. Over the years that followed the rules of the sport were further
fined and standardized. In 1917, the scoring system per ame was changed from
21 to 15 points, while in 1920 the le stipulating a maximum of three hits per team
was stituted.

 Until the early 1930s volleyball was for the most part a game of leisure and
recreation, and there were only a few international activities and competitions.
There were different rules of the game in the various parts of the world; however,
national championships were played in many countries (for instance, in Eastern
Europe where the level of play had reached a remarkable standard).
  The sport took a huge step forward in 1947 with the creation of the Federation
Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB). Two years later the inaugural World
Championships took place in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

 Volleyball made its Olympic debut at Tokyo 1964, with the USSR taking men's
gold and the host nation winning the women's competition.

 Beach volleyball, which had its origins on the beaches of California back in 1930,
had to wait until 1996 for its inclusion on the Olympic programmer, and it has
helped take the global reach and popularity of the sport to a new level.

 Volleyball has witnessed a particularly impressive growth spurt over the last two
decades, fueled by the expansion of international competitions such as the FIVB
World Championships, the FIVB World League, the FIVB World Grand Prix, the
FIVB World Cup and the FIVB Grand Champions Cup, not to mention of course,
the Olympic Games, where both the indoor and beach versions now enjoy huge
popularity.
 Today, over 120 years after it was first conceived, volleyball is played by more
than 800 million people worldwide, a fact that would surely leave its creator,
William Morgan, whose goal was to create a sport open to all, a huge amount of
satisfaction.

Some Other Terms and Definitions

VOLLEYBALL- is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of six players are
separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other
team’s court under the organized rules. [FIVB]
1. Ace a difficult serve that serve that opponents not able to receive.
2. Dig- refers to a good save on defense after a spike by the offensive team.
3. Kill - a successful spike that result in a point or "side out".
4. Side-out- a point earned by the team receiving the serve either through a violation, an
error, or a kill.
5. Checked ball- refers to a ball that was touch last by the defense coming from a spike
before it goes out of the court.
Fundamental Skills

 I'm sure you have often heard the key to success in sports is focusing on
fundamentals. This statement is perhaps more true in volleyball than any other
sport.

 The best teams are always the most highly skilled teams.

 The most fundamentally sound teams have the best skills and are very confident.
These highly skilled players have the ability to focus better than anyone else.

 As player skills improve, standards increase. This is key if you want to have
highly successful volleyball teams. As skill improves, the player’s expectation will
increase. As a player learns, they will start to expect to be more successful.

 Learning is fun and as skill level improves, players will naturally try to improve
their skill level. This is a cycle that will never stop. As long as skill level is
improving, players will never become "burned out". It's natural to never be
satisfied. As long as the athlete believes and expects to improve, they will
continue to always experience more success.

6 Basic Skills in Volleyball

The six basic volleyball skills are passing, setting, spiking, blocking, digging, and
serving

1. Passing- is often thought of as the most important skill in volleyball. If you can't pass
the serve, then you won't ever put your team in a position to score a point.

2. Serving The importance of serving is often undervalued. Many coaches don't teach
players to serve aggressive and use this opportunity to give the team an advantage for
scoring points
3. Blocking - is perhaps the least taught skill in volleyball. Players can get away with
poor blocking skills because not blocking isn't going to hurt the team as much as being
poor at executing other skills in volleyball.
4. Digging- is another skill that isn't focused on quite as much as volleyball. Most skills
in.
5. Setting/Setter-The setter position is considered to be the most important position in
volleyball. The setter basically runs the team offense.
6. Spiking - is the act of scoring a point by slamming the ball over the net into the
opposing court effectively and aggressively. In many ways, the mechanism of volleyball
spiking is not altogether different from the act of slam dunking in the sport of basketball
or smashing in the sport of tennis.

VOLLEYBALL EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES

1. BALL
- A volleyball is a ball used to play indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, or other less
common variations of the sport. Volleyballs are round and traditionally consist of
eighteen nearly rectangular panels of synthetic or genuine leather, arranged in
six identical sections of three panels each, wrapped around a bladder. A valve
permits the internal air pressure to be adjusted. In a break from the traditional
construction, in 2008, the FIVB adopted as its official indoor ball a new Mikasa
with dimples and only eight panels for a softer touch and truer flight.

- Volleyballs have a diameter of 8.15"-8.39" (20.7-21.3 cm) and circumference of

22.59" 26.34" (65-67 cm). The mass of a Volleyball is between 9-10 oz. (260-280
g) with a pressure between 4.26-4.61 psi (29.4-31.8 kPa).

2. THE NET
- The net is 2.43m high for men and 2.24m high for women. It is placed vertically
over the center line. It is 1m wide and 9.5m-10m long and is 10cm square black
mesh. The height of the net is measured from the center of the playing court or
placed directly above the center line, 7feet 4inches above the ground for women
and 8 feet above the ground for men
3. NET POLES
Volleyball net
- Support poles lie between 1/2 meter (20 inches) and 1 meter (39 inches) away
from the sideline. International competition play requires all poles to lie 1 meter
away from the court sideline. The proper height for a men's net in the pole is 7'
11-5/8" (8 Feet) tall and for women it's 7' 4-1/8" (7 Feet 4 Inches) tall.

4. ANTENAS
- The volleyball antenna is a rod which is attached to the net at each end ...
Antennas are used on both Indoor Volleyball courts and outdoor courts such as
Beach.

- A volleyball antenna gives players and the referee a visual aid to judge if a ball is
in play or out of bounds as it flies over the net.

5. COURT
- Dimensions of the court are 29'6" feet by 59' feet and are measured from the
outer edge of the boundary lines. Equipment Use a regulation-size court that is
18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters (29 feet, 6 inches) wide, four volleyballs
(modified ball permissible). Net height at 2.24 meters (7 feet, 4 1/8 inches) for
women and 2.43 meters (7 feet, 11 5/8 inches) for men, standards, antennae and
ball box.

LESSON 2(Mechanics of the game)

 Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which
the players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to
make the ball touch the court within the opponents' playing area before it can be
returned.

 Volleyball is a team sport in which each team aims to keep the ball up on its side
of the ne while attempting to put the ball down on the opposing team's side of the
net. A team scores when the ball touches the ground on the opponent's Sid of
the net or the opponent is unable to return the ball to the other side within three
contacts.
  Volleyball teams have between two and six players; indoor volleyball is played
with six players, and beach volleyball is typically played with two. Traditional
indoor volleyball game player positions are the setter, middle blocker, outside
hitter, opposite and libero. Each player in a traditional indoor volleyball game
starts in a specific location: the left front, middle front, right front, left back, middle
back or right back. Each time a team wins possession of the serve, the team
moves over one spot clockwise. When the ball is served to the other side of the
net, the opposing team is allowed to make contact with the ball no more than
three times. These contacts are ideally a pass, set and hit. The first team to
reach the score agreed upon wins the game, but the win must be by at least two
points.

The Game - Volleyball Game Rules

The game of volleyball is played by two teams, six on each team. The teams are
separated by a net. The teams compete with one another using an inflated ball.

How the Game is played

One team serves the ball over the net to the other team with the intention of placing the
ball into the opponent’s court. The receiving team attempts to return the ball back over
the net to place it back in the serving team’s court.

Object of the Game

The object of the game is to win the match.
Volleyball game rules for high school volleyball

Match
 Match is won by the first team to win 3 out of 5 games. A Depending on the state,
some high schools still play the best 2 out of 3. As soon as a team wins 3 games,
the match is over.

Game
 A game is played to 25 points, the first team to 25 wins. Games must be won by
at least 2 points. So, if there is a 24-24 tie, the game shall be played until one
team has a two point lead. If the match goes to a 5th game, the game is played
to 15 points.
Point
 A point is scored by a team every time the opponent commits a fault.
 A point is scored every time the ball lands in the opponent’s court.

Common Strategies for Scoring Points

 A good strategy for serving would be to serve the ball in such a way that it would
be difficult for the other team to return the ball back over the net.

 Each team is allowed 3 hits before the ball has to be returned over the net. A
good strategy would be to play the ball to your teammates in such a manner to
make the 3rd hit difficult for the opponent to play. Most teams try to utilize
strategies to bump, set, then spike the ball into the opponent courts.

 Each team consists of 3 front line players and 3 back line players. The front line
players may jump at the net and hit the ball. This strategy is called attacking.

 The front line players may also reach above the net and try blocking the ball
coming from the other side.

Volleyball Equipment - Volleyball Game Rules

Net
- The net is 1 meter (3 ft.) and 9.5 meters (32 ft.) long when stretched. The net is
attached to upright standards that are 1 meter (3 ft.) outside the court. The
standards may be padded to a maximum height of 5 and half feet. Front and
sides of the referee’s platform must be padded, same as the standards.

Net Antennas
- Antennas are attached to the net in line with the outside edge of the sideline.
Antennas extend upward at least 2 and half feet but no more than 3 and a half
feet above the net. Antennas should be fasten securely to the bottom and top of
the net. The antennas should be made of unbreakable material.
Referee Stand
- The volleyball game rules require the referee stand to be a stable platform that
elevates the referees head to about 2 or 3 feet above the top of the net. The
platform should be 18 inches long and 12 inches wide.

The Ball
- The volleyball must be spherical with a lace less molded cover of 12 or more
pieces of genuine or simulated smooth leather. The ball is about 25 to 27 inches
in circumference. The ball should weigh about 9 to 10 ounces and be inflated to
4.3 to 4.6 pounds.

Scoresheet
- In competitive volleyball, volleyball game rules require a scoresheet to be used to
keep score. A scoresheet also provides space for lineups, individual scoring,
team scoring, and timeouts. There is a comments section for recording warnings,
penalties, unsporting conduct, and any other unusual events.

THE SERVE
 Server must serve from behind the restraining line (end line) until after contact.
 Ball may be served underhand or overhand.
 Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.
 Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side.
 First game serve is determined by a coin toss. Game 2 will be served by the
receiving team in game 1. If match goes to a 3rd game, new coin toss will
determine serving team. If best of 5 game match: Game 2, 3, a 4 will trade off
between teams.
 If teams go to game 5, serve will go to winner of a new coin toss.
 Serve must be returned by a pass or set only. Serve cannot be blocked or
attacked.

SCORING
Rally scoring- which means there will be a point awarded on every won rally.
Offense will score on a defensive miss, out of bounds hit, or blocker touches the top of
the net.
Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, serve into the net or hitter
touches top of the net. Game will be played to 25 pts. Game 3 is played to 15. Must win
by 2 points, unless a point cap has been placed.

ROTATION
 Team will rotate after each side out. A side out is when the team on serve
receive wins the point to earn the right to serve.
 Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner.
 There shall be 6 players on each side.

PLAYING THE GAME (VOLLEY) Maximum of three hits per side.

 Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit).
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve.
 A ball touching any part of the boundary line is considered in.
 A legal hit is contact with the ball by any part of the player’s body which does not
allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.
 A player must not block or attack a serve.

BASIC VIOLATIONS
 Stepping on or over the line on a serve.
 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
 Hitting the ball illegally (Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc.).
 Touches of the top of the net only with any part of the body while the ball is in
play. Players may contact the net below the top of the net (the tape) at any time.
If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an
opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.

Reaching over the net, except under these conditions:

1 - When executing a follow-through.

2 - When blocking a ball which is in the opponent’s court but is being returned (the
blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the
ball makes contact). Except to block the third play.
Reaches under the net (if it interferes with the ball or opposing player).
 Failure to serve in the correct order.
 Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while
in a back row position.
 A player’s foot may not completely cross the midline at any time. However, if the
rest of the body crosses it is legal unless interferes with a player on the other
side of the net.

SUBSTITUTIONS
 Coaches only have 12 substitutions per game in club.
 Once a player subs in for a rotational position, they can only sub in for that
rotational position.

Lesson 3(Officiating officials and terminologies)

Volleyball officials that make up the officiating crew are first referee, second referee,
scorekeeper, assistant scorer, and line judges. The first referee is in charge from the
beginning of the match until the end.

Volleyball Officials Responsibilities of Referees and Work

 The first referee has authority over all other members of the officiating crew.
 The first referee should talk to all the officiating crew members before the match
starts, going over any question’s officials might have about their responsibilities.
 The first referee should have a talk with the second referee before the match
starts discussing issues such as pre-match protocol and anything that will help
the match run more smoothly.
 The second referee should establish a rapport with the scorekeeper and libero
tracker. If the scorer and libero tracker have a problem or don't understand
something, they should be comfortable enough to ask the second referee for
help.

Scorekeeper - Volleyball officials

 The scorekeeper's main job is to make sure the score is correct at all times. The
scorekeeper uses a score sheet to keep track of the game.
 If there is a difference between the score on the score sheet and the visual score
(flip score, electronic scoreboard, etc.) the visual score should be changed to
 match the score on the scoresheet unless the mistake on the scoresheet can be
determined and corrected.
 One of the referees should check the accuracy of the scoresheet at the end of
each set.

The Scorekeeper
Pre-match
Before the match starts,
the scorekeeper should fill in the pre-match info team names, starting line ups, etc.
During the match,
Records points when they are scored

Watches the servers and indicates immediately to the referees when a server has
served out of order. It's also good preventive officiating to watch team’s rotation in case
assistance is needed for the second referee to determine the correct team alignment.

 Records player substitutions and team timeouts

 Records any sanctions
 Records all other events as instructed by the referees
 Records the final result of the set

In the case of a protest, after the first referee gives authorization, the scorekeeper lets
the game captain write a statement for protest on the scoresheet.

 After the match,

 Records the final result of the match.
 Signs the scoresheet

Assistant Scorer - Volleyball officials

- The assistant scorer (or libero tracker) sits at the scorer's table next to the
scorekeeper.
- The assistant scorer's main function is to record libero replacements on to a
libero tracking sheet.
THE ASSISTANT SCORER
- Notifies any fault with libero replacement
- Operates the manual scoreboard on the scorer's table
- Checks the score on the scoreboard with the score on the scoresheet

Line Judges - Volleyball officials

- f only two-line judges are used, they stand at the corner of the end line that is
closest to the right hand of each referee, diagonally from the corner.
- The line judges watch the end line and sideline of their respective corners.
- For FIVB and Official Competitions, four line judges are used. Each line judge
stands in the free zone 1 to 3 meters, lined up with the imaginary extension of
their respective line. Line judge's main responsibility is to make signals to help
out the referees in making judgment calls. Line judges may be instructed to use
flags to make the signals.

THE LINE JUDGES SIGNAL

Ball "In and "out" whenever the ball lands near the lines
Touches of "out" balls by players receiving the ball

Ball touching the antennae

- A served ball crossing the net outside the crossing space (the space between the
antennae's)
- Any player standing off the court at the moment of service
- Server foot faults

Basic Rules of Volleyball Regular Game Interruptions

- The basic rules of volleyball allow for regular game interruptions such as player
substitutions and time-outs.
- Each team is entitled to a maximum of 2 timeouts per set (game)
Interruptions may be requested by either the playing captain or coach. The request is
made by showing the corresponding hand signal after the ball is whistled out of play
before the whistle for the next serve. Sequence of Interruptions Basic Rules of
Volleyball If a substitution is requested before the start of a set, it should be permitted
and recorded as a regular substitution in that set.
A request for a time-out may be followed by another request for a time-out and a
request for a player substitution may be followed by a request for a player substitution of
the opposing team without resuming the game. However, a team may not make
consecutive requests for player substitutions during the same interruption. A
subsequent request by the same team during the same interruption will result in an
improper request.
Time Outs Basic Rules of Volleyball All time-outs that are requested last 30 seconds.
During time-outs the players in the game must go to the free zone near their bench.

- Players may remain on the court or go to the free zone near their team bench.
- Any team member listed on the roster may participate in the time out.
- Coaches and non-playing team members may not enter the court.
- Referees may direct teams to move to the free zone near their team bench for
administrative purposes.

A substitution requires the referees authorization - A substitution is the act by which a

player, after being recorded by the scorer, enters the game for another player. The
substitute occupies the position of the player they are replacing who must then leave
the court.
Limitations of Substitutes - Rules in Volleyball One or more players may be substituted
at the same time. Twelve substitutions are the maximum permitted per team per set.

- Substitution of one or more players is permitted at the same time.

- A player in the starting line-up may leave the set and re-enter, but only in his/her
previous position in the line-up he/she first entered.
- Unlimited individual entries by a substitute within the team allowable 12 subs are
permitted. Each entry must be to the same position in the line-up.
- More than one substitute may enter the game in each position.
- The sanction for a wrong position entry is an improper request.

Terminologies in Volleyball
 ACE - A serve that is not passable and results immediately in a point
 ANTENNA - The vertical rods (normally white and red) mounted near the edges
of the net. The antennas are mounted directly above the sidelines and are not-in-
play. Antennas are not usually used on outdoor nets.
 APPROACH - Fast stride toward the net by a spiker before he jumps in the air..
 ASSIST- Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill.
This stat is normally only logged for high school, college, and National/Olympic
team play.
 ATTACK - The offensive action of hitting the ball. The attempt by one team to
terminate the play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent's side.
 ATTACK BLOCK - Receiving players aggressive attempt to block a spiked ball
before it crosses the net.
 ATTACK ERROR - An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following: 1)
the ball lands out of bounds, 2) the ball goes into the net and terminates play or
goes into the net on the third hit, 3)the ball is blocked by the opposition for a point
or sideout, 4) the attacker is called for a center line violation, or 5) the attacker is
called for illegal contact (lift, double hit...) on the attack.
 ATTACKER - Also "hitter" or "spiker." A player who attempts to hit a ball
offensively with the purpose of terminating play in his or her team's favor.
 ATTACK LINE - A line 3m from the net that separates the front row players from
the back row players. Commonly referred to as the "10-foot line."
 BACKCOURT - The area from the end line to the attack line.
 BACK SET - A set delivered behind the setter's back, which is subsequently hit
by an attacker.
 BACK ROW ATTACK - When a back row player attacks the ball by jumping from
behind the 3m line before hitting the ball. If the back row player steps on or past
the 3m line during take-off, the attack is illegal.
 BEACH DIG - An open hand receive of the ball, also called a "Deep Dish"
 BLOCK - A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball
back to the hitter's court. It may be a combination of one, two or three players
jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the
hands.
 BUMP - a common term for forearm passing.
 BALL HANDLING ERROR - Any time the official calls a double hit, a thrown ball
or a lift (except on a serve reception or attack). For our purposes, this category
also includes any blocking errors (when an official call a blocker for a violation
such as going into the net, centerline violation, reaching over the net, etc.).
 BUMP PASS - The use of joined forearms to pass or set a ball in an underhand
manner.
 CAMPFIRE - The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court
into two equal halves.
 CLOSING THE BLOCK - The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to join the
primary blocker and create an impenetrable block in which a ball cannot fit
between the two individual blockers.
 CROSS COURT SHOT- An individual attack directed at an angle from one end
of the offensive team's side of the net to the opposite sideline of the defensive
team's court.
 CUT SHOT - A spike from the hitter's strong side that travels at a sharp angle
across the net.
 DECOY - An offensive play meant to disguise the spiker who will receive the set.
 DEEP SET - Set to be hit away from the net to confuse or disrupt the timing of
the blockers.
 DIG - Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang for the art of passing an attacked
ball close to the floor.
 DINK - A legal push of the ball around or over blockers.
 DOUBLE BLOCK - Two players working in unison to deflect an attacked ball at
the net back to the hitter's side.
 DOUBLE HIT - Successive hits or contacts by the same player. (Illegal)
 DOUBLE QUICK - Two hitters approaching the setter for a quick inside hit.
 DOUBLES - A game with two players on each side, most commonly played on a
sand court.
 DOWN BALL - A ball the blockers elect not to attempt to block because it has
been set too far from the net or the hitter is not under control. A "Down Ball" is hit
overhand and driven over the net with topspin while the play remains standing.
"Down Ball," is usually called aloud by the defense when it becomes apparent
the attacker has no chance of hitting a powerful spike.
 FIVE-ONE-A 6-player offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter.
 FIVE SET - A back set to the right front hitter.
 FLARE - Inside-out path of an outside spiker who hid behind a quick hitter.
 FLOATER - A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an
erratic path. This is similar to a "knuckle ball" pitch in baseball.
 FOREARM PASS - Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the
ball with the fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion.
 FOUL - A violation of the rules. FOUR SET - A set 1' from the sideline, and 1' to
2' above the net.
 FOUR-TWO- A 6-player offensive system using four hitters and two setters.
 FREE BALL - A ball that will be returned by a pass rather than a spike. This is
usually called aloud by the defense instructing players to move into serve receive
positions.
 HELD BALL - A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a foul.
 HIT - To jump and strike the ball with an overhand, forceful shot.
 HITTER - Also "spiker" or "attacker"
 HITTING PERCENTAGE - kills vs. attempts
 ISOLATION PLAY-Designed to isolate the attacker on a specific defender,
normally to exploit a weakness or give a hitter a chance to hit against a single
block.
 JUNGLE BALL - Any volleyball game with people who don't really know how to
play volleyball. A common euphemism for this type of game is "Picnic Volleyball."
 JUMP SERVE-A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air
and jumping into and hitting the ball in its downward motion.
 JOUST - When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball
above the net.
 KEY - To predict a team's next play by observation of patterns or habits. KILL -
An attack that results in an immediate point or side out.
 LINE - The marks that serve as boundaries of a court.
 LINE SHOT - A ball spiked down an opponent's sideline, closest to the hitter and
outside the block.
 LET SERVE - A serve that contacts the net. If the ball dribbles over, it's playable
just like any other ball that contacts the net on the way over. If the ball fails to
clear the net, it will become dead when it either hits the serving team's court, or is
contacted by a player on the serving team.
 MIDDLE BACK-A defensive system that uses the middle buck player to cover
deep spikes.
 MIDDLE-UP- A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover dinks
or short shots.
 MINTONETTE - The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William
Morgan.
 MULTIPLE OFFENSE - A system of play using different types of sets other than
just normal outside sets.
 OFFSIDE BLOCK - Player at the net, which is on the side away from the
opponent's attack.
 OFF-SPEED HIT - Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin.
 OUTSIDE HITTER - a left-front or right-front attacker normally taking an
approach which starts from outside the court
 OVERHAND PASS- A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the
fingers and thumbs, played just above the forehead.
 OVERHAND SERVE-Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the
shoulder.
 OVERLAP - refers to the positions of the players in the rotation prior to the
contact of the ball when serving.
 PANCAKE - A one-handed defensive technique where the hand is extended and
the palm is slid along the floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and timed so
that the ball bounces off the back of the hand.

 PENETRATION - The act of reaching across and breaking the plane of the net
during blocking.
 POINT OF SERVICE - A serve that results in a point (an ace by NCAA
standards) as the serve is not returnable due to a bad pass by the receiver, this
number includes aces.
 POWER ALLEY - A cross-court hit traveling away the spiker to the farthest point
of the court. from
 POWER TIP - A ball that is pushed or directed with force by an attacking team
 POWER VOLLEYBALL - A competitive style of volleyball started by the
Japanese.
 QUICK- a player approaching the setter for a quick inside hit
 QUICK SET -a set (usually 2' above the net) in which the hitter is approaching
the setter, and may even be in the air, before the setter delivers the ball. This
type of set requires precise timing between the setter and hitter.
 READY POSITION - The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes
before moving to contact the ball.
 RECEPTION ERROR - A serve that a player should have been able to return,
but results in an ace (and only in the case of an ace). If it is a "husband/wife" play
(where the ball splits the two receivers), the receiving team is given the reception
error instead of an individual.
 RED CARD - a severe penalty in which an official displays a red card. The result
of a red card may be a player is disqualified, the team loses the serve, or the
team loses a point. A red card may be given with or without a prior yellow card as
a warning; it is up to the official's discretion.
 ROLL - a certain way to pass a ball in which the digger, or passer lays out an
arm, passes the ball, and rolls over the shoulder (over the shoulder roll) or back
(barrel roll) after passing the ball. This is a quick way to return to action after the
play.
 ROOF - A ball that when spiked is blocked by a defensive player such that the
ball deflects straight to the floor on the attacker's side.
 ROTATION – The clockwise movement of players around the court and through
the serving position following a side out.
 SERVE - One up the six basic skills, used to put the ball into play. It is the only
skill controlled exclusively by one player
 SERVER - The player who puts the ball into play.
 SERVICE ERROR -An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of the following
occurs: 1) the ball hits the net or fails to clear the net, 2) the ball lands out
bounds, or 3) the server commits a foot fault.
 SERVICE WINNER-A point the serving team scores when this player has served
immediate (in the case of an ace) or delayed (a kill or opponent attack error a
long rally). Therefore, the sum of the team's service winners equals their score.
 SET - The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can
spike it into the opponent's court.
  SETTER - the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who "sets" the ball
with an "Overhand Pass" for a teammate to hit. The setter normally runs the
offense.
 SIDE OUT - Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away
against the serving team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error,
and the receiving team thus gains the right to serve.
 SIX PACK - Occurs when a blocker gets hit in the head or face by a spiked ball.
 SIX-TWO-A6-player offense using 2 setters opposite one another in the rotation.
Setter 1 becomes a hitter upon rotating into the front row as setter 2 rotates into
the back row and becomes the setter.
 SPIKE - Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the
offensive team who intends to terminate the ball on the opponent's floor or off the
opponent's blocker.
 STRONG SIDE - When a right-handed hitter is hitting from the left-front position
or when a left-handed hitter is hitting from the right-front position.
 STUFF - A ball that is deflected back to the attacking team's floor by the
opponent's blockers. A slang term for "block."
 TURNING IN - the act of an outside blocker turning his/her body into the court so
as to ensure the blocked ball is deflected into the court and lands in-bounds.
 UNDERHAND SERVE - a serve in which the ball is given a slight under-hand
toss from about waist high and then struck with the opposite closed fist in an
"underhand pitching" motion.
 WEAK SIDE - When a right-handed player is hitting from right-front position or
when a left-handed player is hitting from the left-front position. WIPE - when a
hitter pushes the ball off of the opposing block so it lands out of bounds
 YELLOW CARD - a warning from an official indicated by the display of a yellow
card. Any player receives two yellow cards in a match is disqualified. A single
yellow card does not result in loss of point or coach who or serve.

Midterm!!!
Team Sports

Lesson 1-How to play properly and strategy for

winning the game.
UNDERHAND SERVE PASS
-The ball is held in the left hand with the left arm extended across the front of the body so the
ball is in front of the right side of the body just above the waist. Drop the ball. As it bounces, step
forward and strike the ball with a single-hand underhand hit after it starts downward from the top
of its bounce.
  •Demonstrate the correct ready position
 •Extend arms and hold together in front of the body to hit the ball.
 •Hit the ball with forearms
 •Extend knees and coordinate the movements of the arms in the pass
 •Hit the ball from different directions, move to the ball and keep it directly in front
of the body
 •Hold the ball in front
 •Hold the ball in front of the body
 •Draw the serving arm backwards in a pendulum motion and swing it forward to
hit the ball
 •lock the wrist
 •Hit the lower part of the ball with the fist or the heel of the hand
 •Serve the ball to target
 •Make contact point just above the forehead (overhand pass
 •Use thumbs and index fingers to form a broken triangle with the thumbs pointing
at the forehead. Shape the other fingers to fit the ball Overhand pass
 •Extend the arms and legs as the pass is made (overhand pass) Pass the ball to
targets
 •Move into a proper position to pass the ball
 •Serve into the opponent's court
 •Make use of overhand and underhand passing skills appropriately
 •Jump up to spike
 •Hit the ball with the palm in front of the hitting shoulder at the peak of the jump
 •Demonstrate appropriate blocking skill
 •Anticipate situations, apply overhand or underhand passing skills appropriately
in competitions.
 •Move into a proper position to pass the ball and set up an attack
 •Apply appropriate skills to pass the ball across the net within 3 hits
 •Organize an attack with 3-hit Combination
 •Demonstrate blocking skills to block an opponent from spiking
 •Switch offence and defense formations to cope with the opponent's tactics
 •Pass the ball strategically to organize an attack
 •Employ various strategies in attacks
 •Cooperate with teammates to execute offence and defense tactics

4 Steps to Proper Volleyball Setting

1.Step No. 1: Positioning. Get under the ball in plenty of time and square your
feet and shoulders to your target.
2.Step No. 2: Footwork. Place weight on left(back) foot, and transfer weight to
right (forward) foot at contact.
 3.Step No. 3: Strike. Set the ball just above the head (hairline)
4.Step No. 4: Follow-Through.

Values and Attitudes

•Spirit of serving others Helping, giving and doing something for someone Volunteering
your time, money, or energy to help others doesn't just make the world better it also
makes you better Studies indicate that the very act of giving back to the community
boosts your happiness, health and sense of well-being
•Responsibility the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having
control over Someone.
"a true leader takes responsibility for their team and helps them achieve goals"
•Ability to make independent decisions- Mental capacity means being able to make your
own decisions.
•Commitment to a common goal is one of the cornerstones of teamwork. It occurs when
each member of the team focuses on achieving the team's purpose over and above
their individual objectives. Commitment- to team goals is created when: All team
members contribute to and agree on objectives.
•Respect for others -Receiving respect from others is important because it helps us to
feel safe and to express ourselves. Respect means that you accept somebody for who
they are, even when they're different from you or you don't agree with them. Respect in
your relationships builds feelings of trust, safety, and wellbeing.
•Perseverance
•National identity
•Team spirit
•Courage to face success and failure
•Leadership
•Generic skills
•Aesthetic appreciation
Perseverance continued effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties, failure, or
opposition the action or condition or an instance of persevering steadfastness.
•National identity a sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive
traditions, culture, and language.
"his country s lack of an explicit national identity"
•Team spirit Team spirit is the feeling of pride and loyalty that exists among the
members of a team and that makes them want their team to do well or to be the best
•Courage to take success and failure the courage to fail is one of the most powerful
traits of a fearless leader Because behind the courage to fail lies moral courage. The
courage to do the right thing, in the face of adversity, peer pressure, social norms, even
persecution or threats.
•Leadership maybe considered as a behavioral process that influences individuals and
groups towards set goals. As Such, a leader has the dual function of ensuring player
satisfaction while steering the individual or group to success.
Some Other terminologies in Volleyball
•FIVE SET – A back set to the right front hitter.
•FLARE- Inside-out path of an outside spiker who hid behind a quick hitter.
•FLOATER- A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an
erratic path. This is similar to a “knuckle ball” pitch in baseball.
•FOREARM PASS- Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the
ball with the fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion.
•FOUL -A violation of the rules.
•FOUR SET- A set 1 from the sideline, and 1’ to 2’ above the net.
•FOUR-Two- A 6-player offensive system using four Hitters and two setters.
•FREE BALL- A ball that will be returned by a pass Rather than a spike. This is
usually called aloud by the defense instructing players to move into serve receive
positions.
•HELD BALL- A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a foul.
•HIT- To jump and strike the ball with an overhand, Forceful shot.
•HITTER- Also “spiker” or “attacker”
•HITTING PERCENTAGE- kills vs. attempts
•ISOLATION PLAY- Designed to isolate the attacker on a specific defender,
normally to exploit a weakness or give a hitter a chance to hit against a single
block.
•JUNGLE BALL- Any volleyball game with people who don’t really know how to
play volleyball. A common euphemism for this type of game is “Picnic Volleyball.”
•MIDDLE-BACK- A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover
deep spikes.
•MIDDLE-UP- A defensive system that uses the middle back player to cover
dinks or short shots.
•MINTONETTE- The original name of the game of volleyball Created by William
Morgan.
•MULTIPLE OFFENSE- A system of play using different types of sets other than
just normal outside sets.
•OFFSIDE BLOCK- Player at the net, which is on the side away from the
opponent’s attack.
•OFF-SPEED HIT- Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin.
•OUTSIDE HITTER- a left-front or right-front attacker normally taking an
approach which starts from outside the court
•OVERHAND PASS- A pass executed with both hands open, controlled by the
fingers and thumbs, played just above the forehead.
•OVERHAND SERVE- Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the
shoulder.
•OVERLAP- refers to the positions of the players in the rotation prior to the
contact of the ball when serving.
•PANCAKE- A one-handed defensive technique where the hand is extended and
the palm is slid along the floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and timed so
that the ball bounces off the back of the hand.
•PENETRATION -The act of reaching across and breaking the plane of the net
during blocking.
•POINT OF SERVICE- A serve that results in a point
(an ace by NCAA standards) as the serve is not returnable due to abad pass by
the receiver, this number includes aces.
•POWER ALLEY- A cross-court hit traveling away from the spiken to the farthest
point of the court.
•POWER TIP- A ball that is pushed or directed with force by an attacking team
•POWER VOLLEYBALL- A competitive style of volleyball started by the
Japanese.
•QUICK- a player approaching the setter for a quick inside hit
•QUICK SET- a set (usually 2’ above the net) in which the hitter is approaching
the setter, and may even be in the air, before the setter delivers the ball. This
type of set requires precise timing between the setter and hitter.
•READY POSITION- The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes
before moving to contact The ball.
•RECEPTION ERROR- A serve that a player should have been able to return,
but results in an ace (and only in the case of an ace). If it is a “husband/wife”
play (where the ball splits the two receivers), the receiving team is given the
reception error instead of an individual.
•RED CARD- a severe penalty in which an official displays a red card. The result
of a red card may be A player is disqualified, the team loses the serve, or the
team loses a point. A red card may be given with or without a prior yellow card as
a warning; it is up to the official’s discretion.
•ROLL-a certain way to pass a ball in which the digger, or passer lays out an
arm, passes the ball, and rolls over the shoulder (over the shoulder roll) or back
(barrel roll) after passing the ball. This is a quick way to return to action after the
play.
•ROOF-A ball that when spiked is blocked by a defensive player such that the
ball deflects straight to the floor on the attacker’s side
•ROTATION- The clockwise movement of players around the court and through
the serving position following a side out.
•SERVE- One of the six basic skills; used to put the ball into play. It is the only
skill controlled exclusively by one player.
•SERVER- The player who puts the ball into play.
•SERVICE ERROR- An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of the following
occurs: 1) the ball hits the net or fails to clear the net, 2) the ball lands out of
bounds, or 3) the server commits a foot fault.
•SERVICE WINNER- A point the serving team scores when this player has
served the ball. The point can be an immediate (in the case of an ace) or delayed
(a kill or opponent attack error after a long rally). Therefore, the sum of the
team’s service winners equals their score.
•SET- The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can
spike it into the opponent’s court.
•SETTER- the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who “sets” the ball
with an “Overhand Pass” for a teammate to hit. The setter normally runs the
offense.
•SIDE OUT- Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away
against the serving team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error,
and the receiving team thus gains the right to serve.
•SIX PACK -Occurs when a blocker gets hit in the head or face by a spiked ball.
 •SIX-TWO -A 6-player offense using 2 setters opposite one another in the
rotation. Setter 1 becomes A hitter upon rotating into the front row as setter 2
rotates into the back row and becomes the setter.
•SPIKE- Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the
offensive team who intends to Terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off
the opponent’s blocker.
•STRONG SIDE- When a right-handed hitter is hitting from the left-front position
or when a left-handed hitter is hitting from the right-front position.
•STUFF- A ball that is deflected back to the attacking team’s floor by the
opponent’s blockers. A slang term for “block”.
•TURNING IN- the act of an outside blocker turning his/her body into the court so
as to ensure the blocked ball is deflected into the court and lands in-bounds.
•UNDERHAND SERVE -a serve in which the ball is given a slight under-hand
toss from about waist high and then struck with the opposite closed fist in an
“underhand pitching” motion.
•WEAK SIDE- When a right-handed player is hitting from right-front position or
when a left-handed player is hitting from the left front position.
•WIPE- when a hitter pushes the ball off of the opposing block so it lands out of
bounds
•YELLOW CARD- a warning from an official indicated by the display of a yellow
card. Any player or coach who receives two yellow cards in a match is
disqualified. A single yellow card does not result in loss of point or serve.

LESSON 2- BRIEF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BASKETBALL AND

SUPPLIES EQUIPMENT

BRIEF HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

•Basketball was invented by American James Naismith in 1891. At the time, he taught
at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield,
Massachusetts. Because he local area is rich in peaches, the children here are very
fond of playing The game of Putting the balls into the peach basket This inspired him to
create a basketball game by Taking advantage of the characteristics of other Ball
games such as football and hockey.
THE INVENTION OF THE GAME
The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in
December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during cold
months. Naismith was a physical education instructor at YMCA International
Training School (now known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Upon the request of his boss, Naismith Was tasked to create an indoor sports game to
help athletes keep in cold weather. It consisted of peach baskets and a Soccer style
ball. He published 13 rules for the new game. He divide his Class of eighteen into two
teams of nine players each set about to teach them the basics of his new game. The
objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit basket nailed to the lower
railing of the gym balcony. Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so the
janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball. After a while, the bottom of the fruit
baskets were removed. The first Public basketball game was played in Springfield,
Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.

NAISMITH’S ORIGINAL RULES

•An Illustration of a basketball game that accompanied Naismith’s article from The
Triangle in 1892 listing his 13 Rules.
•There were only thirteen rules of “basketball
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands
2 The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands
3 A player cannot run with the ball the player must throw it from the spot on which he
catches it, allowance to be made for a man Who catches the ball when running at good
speed
4. The ball must be held in or between the ands the arms or body must not be used for
holding it
5 No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking in any way the person of an
opponent shall be allowed The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count
as a foul, the second shall Disqualify him until the next goals made or if there was
evident intent to injure the person, for the Whole of the game, no substitute
6. A foul is striking the ball with the St violation of rules 3 and4 and such as described in
rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls shall count a goal for opponents.
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or Batted from grounds into the basket
and stays There the ball rests on the edge and the Opponent moves the basket it shall
count as a goal.
9 When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field and played by the
person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the
field. The “thrower in” is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer it shall go to the
opponent. Lf any side persists in delaying the game the umpire shall call a foul on them.
10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls. And notify the
referee when Three consecutive fouls have been made.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and Shall decide when the ball is in play,
in-bounds, and to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time He shall decide when a
goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are
usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be fifteen-minute halves, with five-Minute rests between.
13. The side making the most goals n that time shall Be declared the winner. In the
case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another
goal is made.

FORMATION OF FIBA
•World basketball was growing. But it was on June 18, 1932 that a real international
organization was formed, to coordinate tournaments and teams that day, Argentina,
Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland founded the
International Basketball Federation (Fédération Amateur FIBA) in Geneva. Lts work was
fundamental for the first inclusion of basketball in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936
The first Olympic title was won by the U.S. national team: Sam Balter, Ralph Bishop,
Joe Fortenberry international Basketball
Gibbons, Francis Johnson, Carl Knowles, Frank Lubin, Art Mollner, Donald Piper Jack
Ragland. Willard Schmidt, Carl Shy, Duane Swanson, Billl Wheatley and the trainer
James Needles. Canada was runner-up the games were played on an outdoor clay
court. The first World Championship was held in Argentina in 1950.
NBA
•The Basketball league was founded in New York City on June- 6, 1946 as the
Basketball Association of America (BAA). The league adopted the name National
Basketball Association NBA in 1949 after merging with the rival National Basketball
League (NBL). As of the early 21st century, the NBA the most significant professional
basketball league in the world in terms of popularity salaries league Talent, and level or
competition.
•In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the influx of black athletes increased excitement and
revitalized the NBA By this time the League was mainly composed of African American
players, and most of the top stars were black. However in the late 1970s, the popularity
of the NBA was once again Threatened by the decline in attendance and television
ratings. In 1979, the NBA’s TV audience declined by 18%.

•Basketball in the Philippines Basketball is the most

Popular sport in the Philippines, played on both the
Amateur and professional levels.
•The national team playing against China at the 1917 Far Eastern Games in Tokyo.
•Basketball was introduced in the Philippines during
The American colonial period with the first American
Teachers teaching the sport along with baseball through the YMCA and the school
System. Basketball was first introduced to the Philippine public school system by the
Americans as a womens sport in 1910 and was played in Interscholastic meets in 1911
until 1913. Women’s basketball met Opposition from conservative groups. Particularly
the Catholic Church who View bloomers worn by Women basketball player as
inappropriate.
•By the time skirts were allowed to be worn above bloomers as a Compromise women’s
basketball was already in decline and was only played in provincial
And local interscholastic meets. Indoor Softball and as Well as Volleyball became the
more preferred sport for Filipino Women.
•The first men’s national team organized in the 1910swon the first Far Eastern
Championship Games in 1913 In all but one of the ten editions of the games, the
national team won the gold medal.
•In 1978 the Philippines hosted the FIBA World Championship marking the first time that
the international tournament was held in Asia.
•The Philippines was suspended by FIBA in 2005 Due to a leadership crisis which
affected the former national basketball association of the country the Basketball
Association of the Philippines
•In 2007 the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas became the newly recognized national
basketball body for the Philippines by FIBA.

EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

•What equipment do you need for basketball?
Basketball is a simple game, it doesn’t require any equipment other than a hoop, a ball
and a flat court. Even two players can play and have fun with basketball.
•basketball court is 91.86ft long and 49.21ft wide The total playing area for a court is
4520.43 ft and 7290.5 ft2 if run-offs and sidelines are required.

Basketball Training Equipment: Best Recommendations

•Having the right tools makes all the difference. As an athlete, or as a team, you want to
make sure that you are not only working hard but that you are working smart and
maximizing your gym time. Being able to do that has a lot to do with the equipment that
you have at hand. If you want to be able to prepare at an elite level, you need to set
yourself up to do so.
•These are the basketball training tools that we use when filming different basketball
drills for Basketball and in-person with Basketball Training
•Hopefully, you can look through this slide list of the best basketball training equipment
and find something that will help you. I am sure that we missed a couple of good
training tools, so if you have one that you really like and feel it should be on the lesson
presentation.

WILSON EVOLUTION BASKETBALL

•Every player needs a good basketball that they can bring with them to Work on their
game. One of our favorite basketballs is the Wilson Evolution Basketball. This
basketball has an excellent grip and is one of the favorites among players. It is also very
durable and will provide quality use for years. If you Are looking for a new basketball,
this is one of the best basketballs out there
DRIBBLING GOGGLES
•A lot of younger players struggle to keep their eyes up while dribbling a basketball.
With dribbling goggles, though, it blocks the players eyes from being able to glance
down at the basketball Start learning to dribble with your eyes up with this great ball-
handling tool.

BALL HOG GLOVES

•The idea behind ball hog gloves is to make it harder to control the basketball with the
goves on. That way when you get into a game situation and are not wearing the gloves
anymore, you have more control over the ball Develop your ball control and touch By
using the ball hog gloves.

WEIGHTED BASKETBALL TRAINER

•There are all kinds of weighted basketball that come in different Sizes and weights.
This particular weighted basketball trainer weighs 3 pounds and is official size lt is going
to help a player Work on extending their shooting range and also their hand
Strength when dribbling

THE D MAN
•lf you look at the shooting percentages between shooting a contested shot compared
to an uncontested Shot you will first make sure that your team is contesting more shots
on defense
But secondly you will see the value of the D Man and learning to shoot over a contested
hand. You can use the D Man to work on finishes shooting or as a defender to make
dribble moves past.

AGILITY LADDER
•Footwork in basketball is key, regardless of position. A great way to improve a players
footwork is the agility ladder There are multiple different types of footwork combinations
that you can do with an agility ladder challenge and improve a players footwork. So
whether you are a beginner or a pro, agility adders
Odd a lot of value.

WEIGHTED SPEED VEST

•The weighted speed vest is going to help develop a player’s explosiveness and speed.
The idea behind using a weighted vest is that the player will train with the weights on to
make their body push harder. That way, when they remove the vest they trick their body
to output the same amount of energy but this time the athlete is lighter, making them
more explosive.

AIR RELAX LEG RECOVERY SYSTEM

•The quicker a player is able to recover the sooner they will be able to get back to
working on their game. And, rather than feeling sore for their next workout, they will feel
refreshed and ready to go. The Air Relax Leg Recovery System is going to allow
players to maximize their recovery time. It uses air to Squeeze your leg and remove
lactic acid and muscle stiffness and soreness.

JUMP ROPE
•A great way to improve footwork and quickness is a jump rope. It is also 3 great way to
warm up before a practice or Workout Whether you are a big man or a guard jumping
rope is a great too

ELEVATION TRAINING MASK

•This mask is a multi-sport training too but its perfect for developing a players
conditioning and endurance The goal of the mask is to simulate a nigh altitude situation
that is going to force the athlete to improve their breathing. That way, when the mask is
removed, the player will be able to breathe easier and hopefully run harder and longer

AGILITY HURDLES
Agility hurdles are great because they force a player to get their feetup of the ground
and move quickly. They can either be used tor footwork drills or vertical training both
essential in today game of basketball

POWER HANDS
•Similar to the Ball Hog gloves listed above, the goal of the Power Hands Gloves their
comfort zone and work to develop their handles to get out of their comfort zone and
work to develop their handles. These gloves are weighted and come with an anti-friction
surface. The weighted gloves aspect will help with developing quicker hands, and the
smooth surface on the gloves will help to develop better ball control.
DISC CONES
•Whether is working on ball handling, defense footwork etc., disc cones ae great to
have. They are a must for any trainer or coach but they also make a grest training too
for players as well The benefit of disc cones over regular cones is that they are easier to
transport, store, and for the price, you Can get a lot more cones.

MULTIPURPOSE RESISTANCE BANDS

•Similar to the speed and explosiveness training resistance bands, these multipurpose
bands can be used for speed vertical, etc. but they can also be used to work on
flexibility strength, and more would recommend getting one of these bands based solely
on stretching and improving flexibility but with all the other things you can do with them
as well they Are a no-brainer.

TENNIS BALLS
•Hand-eye coordination is a big part of basketball, and a great way to improve a player s
coordination is to include tennis balls into different drills. You can use them in ball
handling drills, catching drills, quickness/speed drills, etc.

PRO SHOT FINGER SPACER

•This training tool is designed to force players to keep proper finger spacing when
shooting and dribbling. It works really well with shooting, though. A lot of times, younger
players struggle with proper finger positioning on their shooting hand, and this tool will
help with that.

KICK OUT BALL RETURN

•This is another great product brought by SKLZ and it is going to allow a player to shoot
and then have the ball returned to them on the make. If you are not able to consistently
have a rebounder when you shoot, this product will help to save you a lot of time and
Energy running down the ball after you shoot, which will allow for more time and energy
spent on actual shooting.

BLOCKING PAD
•Great players are able to be physical and handle contact. Whether it is being able to
shield off an aggressive defender boxing out, finishing at the basket or whatever it might
be players need to Learn to play through contact. The blocking pad is a great way to do
this while being safe

DOUBLE DOUBLE
•This is two basketball training tools in one. The Double-Double is first going to allow
shooters to work on their shooting by making the rim smaller. If the player can make it in
the smaller ring at a high clip, then their shooting percentage should go way up without
the ring in. Secondly, it provides an excellent cap to the rim as well. The cap has
different raised grooves on it, which will allow for working on rebounding. Missing on
purpose without a cap rarely ends up coming oft as a game miss would; the Double
Double will help to simulate natural game misses.

CONTROL BASKETBALL SET

•Getting out of your comfort zone is a must when it comes to improving as a ball
handler. The Control Basketball Set is going to provide three basketballs that are of
different sizes and weights. One ball focuses or quickness, another on touch, and the
third on building hand and finger strength.

SOLO ASSIST
•Unfortunately, you do not always have a passer at your disposal as a player when you
are training, and as a Coach with 12 plus players in the gym, sometimes your only
responsibility can’t be just passing. The Solo Assist allows for a passer and lets you
practice different shots, moves, etc., that
Require a passer.

DRIBBLE STICK
•Ball handling has a lot to do with ball control and being able to put the ball where you
want it to go. The Dribble Stick helps to promote ball control by forcing the player to
dribble over or under different height levels. With this basketball training tool, you can
practice quick hand to hand combinations, ball control, and much more.

RESISTANCE SPRINTS PARACHUTE

•This is not a basketball-specific training tool, but it is Great for helping improve speed.
A resistance band is Great for working on sprints as well, but the resistance parachute
will allow you to run for a Longer distance and will push you to go your max speed.
•The goal is to trick your muscles into working harder Than they need to when the
parachute is on. That way, when you remove the parachute and execute the same
sprints, your body Will continue to put out that extra energy, but this time you will not
have the parachute holding you back.

LESSON 3- FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS (BASKETBALL)

INTRODUCTION
•Who hasn’t been impressed by basketball greats like Magic Johnson, Larry Bird,
Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant? In this lesson, we’ll define the different offensive and
defensive basketball skills and highlight activities to improve them, as well as review
safety practices. We’ll also delve into the mental side of the sport.
•The first fundamental to instill in young players is that basketball is a team game. Lf
there’s one lesson you want to leave with them, it is this no team is going to Win unless
each player contributes Everybody has to learn how to dribble, pass, defend, rebound,
and hustle if the team is to play well and succeed. Make it clear that unless everybody
does their part, the team has very little chance of winning consistently. This is the first
step in building a team mentality. Let your players know the team always comes ahead
of the individual. Stress the idea every player is important, and that everyone must
contribute to the team’s effort. Most importantly, you have to mean those words. Don’t
fall into the trap of playing the same five players and then pushing the others off to the
side. Let every player know that he or she is going to be called upon to play and
perform during every game. And remember, if you show confidence in your team, they
will rise to the challenge. Praise not only makes a player feel good, but it as also results
in bringing their game to a higher level.
Basketball skills can be broken down into two primary categories:
•Offensive skills: shooting, rebounding, passing and dribbling
•Defensive skills: blocking, stealing, and again rebounding

SKILLS, ACTIVITIES, AND SAFETY

•Have you ever been mesmerized by an athlete leaping from near the free throw line to
slam dunk the ball or watched a great shooter score from thirty feet away from the
basket? Basketball is an incredibly athletic game requiring technique, skills, strength,
stamina, and mental abilities. Through a myriad of fun activities and good safety
practices, there are many ways to teach the game of basketball and improve student
skills in the game. Basketball skills can be broken down into two primary Categories:
•Offensive skills: shooting, rebounding, passing, and Dribbling
•Defensive skills: blocking, stealing, and again, rebounding

SKILLS: OFFENSE
•Shooting- consists of launching the ball toward the basket in an arcing motion
with the purpose of it going in and scoring points. When shooting, keep your eyes
on the target, place the ball on your fingertips (not the palm), place your feet
shoulder width apart, place your elbow Under the ball and then follow through
and hold the finish.

OFFENSIVE REBOUNDING
•An offensive rebound is obtained when the team that just shot the ball misses
and then recaptures the ball again. As a general rule it is tougher for a player to
get an offensive rebound than a defensive rebound because after a shot misses
the opposing team’s players are closer to the basket and in a better position to
grab the ball.

PASSING
•A pass happens when one player throws the ball to another player with the
purpose off setting up a play or taking a shot. In basketball there are two main
types of passing. The first type happens when one player throws another player
the ball and the receiving player then scores a basket. The player who threw the
ball gets credit for an assist. The second type of pass is just a basic pass from
one player to another. There are bounce passes that hit the floorone time, chest
passes that are thrown from the player’s upper body, and the spectacular
alleyo0p pass where one player lobs the ball above the rim and a second player
grabs it out of midain and slam dunks.

DRIBBLING
•Dribbling is the art of bouncing the ball up and down Off the floor with one hand,
in order to advance the ball up the court. It is illegal to touch the ball with both
hands double simultaneously, dribbling. While dribbling, a player should protect
the ball to prevent the defender from stealing it. Tips for dribbling include: not
looking at the ball, pounding the ball hard, and using the free arm as a shield.
Skills: Defense
BLOCKING
•The block is another Spectacular crowd favorite. It occurs when the offensive
player shoots and the defender Swats the ball away, blocking its trajectory to the
basket and preventing any points from being Scored.

STEALING
•The steal, or taking the ball away from an Opposing Player to gain possession
for your own team, requires quick hands and great timing. A player can steal a
pass out of midair or from the other team while someone is dribbling

DEFENSIVE REBOUNDING
•A defensive rebound is obtained when one team misses a shot and the
opposing team grabs the ball. An important skill needed to Collect defensive
rebounds is known as boxing out, a technique which players use their bodies to
shield the opposing team from grabbing the ball.
STATIONARY BALL HANDLING DRILL
•One of the most famous drills is the stationary ball handling drill, popularized by
the legendary Harlem Globetrotters team. An athlete stands in place and Moves
the ball around his body, arms, and legs using skillful hand movements and
tricks. These moves are more than just for show, as they also improve hand-eye
coordination.

LEFT-HANDED DRILL
•It is important that a basketball player earn to use both hands when dribbling,
but this can prove difficult. Many coaches have players put their dominant hand
down to the side and practice layups, passes, and shots With the opposite hand
(usually the left) in order to strengthen it. Another option is Two-handed dribbling,
in which the player dribbles two basketballs, one in each hand
NO DRIBBLE DRILL
•To emphasize passing, a coach can have players pass the ball around with minimal
dribbling, while still trying to score. This forces them to throw extra passes to advance
ball the and also strengthens teamwork.

FINALS

TOPIC 10- MECHANICS OF THE GAME PART 1

Basketball game
Basketball is played by 2 teams of 5 players each. The aim of each team is to score in
the opponents' basket and to prevent the other team from scoring.
The game is controlled by the referees, table officials and a commissioner, if present.

Basket: opponents' /own

The basket that is attacked by a team is the opponents' basket and the basket which is
defended by a team is its own basket

Winner of a game
The team that has scored the greater number of game points at the end of playing time
shall be the winner.

Playing court
Playing court
The playing court shall have a flat, hard surface free from obstructions (Diagram 1)with
dimensions of 28 min length by 15 m in width measured from the inner edge of the
boundary line.

Backcourt
A team's backcourt consists of its team's own basket, the inbounds part of the
backboard and that part of the playing court limited by the endline behind its own
basket, the sidelines and the centre line.

Frontcourt
A team's frontcourt consists of the opponents' basket, the inbounds part of the
backboard and that part of the playing court limited by the endline behind the
opponents' basket, the sidelines and the inner edge of the centre line nearest to the
opponents' basket.

Teams
Definition
- A team member is eligible to play when he has been authorised to play for a
team according to the regulations, including regulations governing age limits, of
the organising body of the competition.
- A team member is entitled to play when his name has been entered on the
scoresheet before the beginning of the game and as long as he has neither been
disqualified nor committed 5 fouls. During playing time, a team member is:

 A player when he is on the playing court and is entitled to play.

 A substitute when he is not on the playing court but he is entitled to play
 An excluded player when he has committed 5 fouls and is no longer entitled to
play. During an interval of play, all team members entitled to play are considered
as players.

Rule
Each team shall consist of:
 No more than 12 team members entitled to play, including a captain.
 A head coach.
 A maximum of 8 accompanying delegation members, including a maximum of 2
assistant coaches who may sit on the team bench. In case a team has assistant
coaches, the first assistant coach shall be entered on the scoresheet. During
playing time 5 team members from each team shall be on the playing court and
may be substituted. A substitute becomes a player and a player becomes a
substitute when: The referee beckons the substitute to enter the playing court.
  During a time-out or an interval of play, a substitute requests the substitution to
the timer.

Uniforms
The uniform of all team members shall consist of:
 Shirts of the same dominant colour front and back as the shorts. If shirts have
sleeves they must end above the elbow. Long sleeved shirts are not permitted.
All players must tuck their shirts into their playing shorts. 'All-in-ones' are
permitted.
 T-shirts, regardless of the style, are not permitted to be worn under the shirts.
 Shorts of the same dominant colour front and back as the shirts. The shorts must
end above the knee.
 Socks of the same dominant colour for all team members. Socks need to be
visible.

Each team member shall wear a shirt numbered on the front and back with plain
numbers, of a colour contrasting with the colour of the shirt.
The numbers shall be clearly visible and:
 Those on the back shall be at least 20 cm high.
 Those on the front shall be at least 10 cm high.
 The numbers shall be at least 2 cm wide.
 Teams may only use numbers 0 and 00 and from 1 to 99.
 Players on the same team shall not wear the same number.
 Any advertising or logo shall be at least 5 cm away from the numbers. Teams
must have a minimum of 2 sets of shirts and:
 The first team named in the schedule (home team) shall wear light-colored shirts
(preferably white).
 The second team named in the schedule (visiting team) shall wear dark-colored
shirts.
 However, if the 2 teams agree, they may interchange the colours of the shirts.

PLAYING REGULATIONS
Playing time, tied score and overtime
 - The game shall consist of 4 quarters of 10 minutes each.
- There shall be an interval of play of 20 minutes before the game is scheduled to
begin.
- There shall be the intervals of play of 2 minutes between the first and second
quarter (first half), between the third and fourth quarter (second half) and before
each overtime.
- There shall be a half-time interval of play of 15 minutes.
An interval of play begins:
 20 minutes before the game is scheduled to begin.
 When the game clock signal sounds for the end of the quarter or overtimes.

An interval of play ends:

 At the beginning of the first quarter when the ball leaves the hand(s) of the crew
chief on the toss for the jump ball.
 At the beginning of all other quarters and overtimes when the ball is at the
disposal of the player taking the throw-in

- If the score is tied at the end of the fourth quarter, the game shall continue with
as many overtimes of 5 minutes duration each as necessary to break the tie.
- If the aggregated score of both games for a 2 games home and away total points
series competition system is tied at the end of the second game, this game shall
continue with as many overtimes of 5 minutes duration each as necessary to
break the tie.
- 8.8 If a foul is committed during an interval of play, any eventual free throw(s)
shall be administered before the beginning of the following quarter or overtime.

Beginning and end of a quarter, Overtime or the game

- The first quarter begins when the ball leaves the hand(s) of the crew chief on the
toss for the jump ball in the centre circle.
- All other quarters or overtimes begin when the ball is at the disposal of the player
taking the throw-in.
- The game cannot begin if one of the teams is not on the playing court with 5
players ready to play.
- For all games, the first team named in the schedule (home team) shall have the
team bench and its own basket on the left side of the scorer's table, facing the
playing court.
 - However, if the 2 teams agree, they may interchange the team benches and/or
baskets.
- Before the first and third quarter, teams are entitled to warm-up in the half of the
playing court in which their opponents' basket is located.
- Teams shall exchange baskets for the second half.
- In all overtimes the teams shall continue to play towards the same baskets as in
the fourth quarter

A quarter, overtime or game shall end when the game clock signal sounds for the end of
the quarter or overtime. When the backboard is equipped with red lighting around its
perimeter, the lighting takes precedence over the game clock signal sound.

Status of the ball

The ball can be either live or dead.
The ball becomes live when:
 During the jump ball, the ball leaves the hand(s) of the crew chief on the toss.
 During a free throw, the ball is at the disposal of the free-throw shooter.
 During a throw-in, the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in.

The ball becomes dead when:

 Any field goal or free throw is made.
 A referee blows his whistle while the ball is live.
 It is apparent that the ball will not enter the basket on a free throw which is to be

followed by:
 Another free throw(s).
 A further penalty (free throw(s) and/or possession).

 The game clock signal sounds for the end of the quarter or overtime.
 The shot clock signal sounds while a team is in control of the ball.
 The ball in flight on a shot for a field goal is touched by a player from either
team .
after:
 A referee blows his whistle.
  The game clock signal sounds for the end of the quarter or overtime.
 The shot clock signal sounds.

The ball does not become dead and the goal counts if made when:
 The ball is in flight on a shot for a field goal and:

 A referee blows his whistle.

 The game clock signal sounds for the end of the quarter or overtime.
 The shot clock signal sounds.

• The ball is in flight on a free throw and a referee blows his whistle for any
rule infraction other than by the free-throw shooter.
• The ball is in the control of a player in the act of shooting for a field goal
who finishes his shot with a continuous motion which started before a foul
is charged on any opponents' player or on any person permitted to sit on
the opponents' team bench.

This provision does not apply, and the goal shall not count if:
 After a referee blows his whistle and an entirely new act of shooting is made.
 During the continuous motion of a player in the act of shooting the game clock
signal sounds for the end of the quarter or overtime or the shot clock signal
sounds.

Jump ball and alternating possession

Jump ball definition
- A jump ball occurs when a referee tosses the ball between any 2 opponents.
- A held ball occurs when one or more players from opposing teams have one or
both hands firmly on the ball so that neither player can gain control without undue
roughness.

Jump ball procedure

- Each jumper shall stand with both feet inside the half of the centre circle nearest
to his own basket with one foot close to the centre line.
 - Team-mates may not occupy adjacent positions around the circle if an opponent
wishes to occupy one of those positions.
- The referee shall then toss the ball vertically upwards between the 2 opponents,
higher than either of them can reach by jumping.
- The ball must be tapped with the hand(s) of at least one of the jumpers after it
reaches its highest point.
- Neither jumper shall leave his position until the ball has been legally tapped.
Neither jumper may catch the ball or tap it more than twice until it has touched
one of the non-jumpers or the floor.
- If the ball is not tapped by at least one of the jumpers, the jump ball shall be
repeated.
- No part of a non-jumper's body may be on or over the circle line (cylinder) before
the ball has been tapped.

Jump ball situations

A jump ball situation occurs when:
- A held ball is called.
- The ball goes out-of-bounds and the referees are in doubt or disagree about
which of the opponents last touched the ball.
- A double free-throw violation occurs during an unsuccessful last free throw.
- A live ball lodges between the ring and the backboard except:
 Between free throws,
 After the last free throw followed by a throw-in from the throw-in line in the team's
frontcourt.
 The ball becomes dead when neither team has control of the ball nor is entitled
to the ball.
 After the cancellation of equal penalties on both teams, if there are no other foul
penalties remaining for administration and neither team had control of the ball nor
was entitled to the ball before the first foul or violation.
 All quarters other than the first one and all overtimes are to begin.

Alternating possession definition

Alternating possession is a method of causing the ball to become live with a throw-in
rather than a jump ball.
Alternating possession throw-in:
 Begins when the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in.
Ends when:
 - The ball touches or is legally touched by any player on the playing court.
- The team taking the throw-in commits a violation.
- A live ball lodges between the ring and the backboard during a throw-in.

Alternating possession procedure

- In all jump ball situations teams shall alternate possession of the ball for a throw-
in from the place nearest to where the jump ball situation occurs, except directly
behind the backboard
- The team that does not gain control of the live ball on the playing court after the
jump the backboard. ball shall be entitled to the first alternating possession.

The team entitled to the next alternating possession at the end of any quarter or
overtime shall begin the next quarter or overtime with a throw-in from the centre line
extended, opposite the scorer's table, unless there are further free throws and a
possession penalty to be administered.
The team entitled to the alternating possession throw-in shall be indicated by the
alternating possession arrow in the direction of the opponents' basket. The direction of
the alternating possession arrow shall be reversed immediately when the alternating
possession throw-in ends.
A violation by a team during its alternating possession throw-in causes that team to lose
the alternating possession throw-in. The direction of the alternating possession arrow
shall be reversed immediately, indicating that the opponents of the violating team shall
be entitled to the alternating possession throw-in at the next jump ball situation. The
game shall then be resumed by awarding the ball to the opponents of the violating team
for a throw-in from the place of the original throw-in.

A foul by either team:

 Before the beginning of a quarter other than the first one or an overtime, or
 During the alternating possession throw-in, does not cause the team entitled to
the throw-in to lose that alternating possession.

How the ball is played

Definition
- During the game, the ball is played with the hand(s) only and may be passed,
thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled in any direction, subject to the restrictions of
these rules.
Rule
- A player shall not run with the ball, deliberately kick or block it with any part of the
leg or strike it with the fist
- However, to accidentally come into contact with or touch the ball with any part of
the leg is not a violation.

Control of the ball

Definition
- Team control starts when a player of that team is in control of a live ball by
holding or dribbling it or has a live ball at his disposal.
Team control continues when:
- A player of that team is in control of a live ball.
- The ball is being passed between team-mates.

Control of the ball

Definition
- Team control starts when a player of that team is in control of a live ball by
holding or dribbling it or has a live ball at his disposal.
Team control continues when:
 A player of that team is in control of a live ball.
 The ball is being passed between team-mates.

Team control ends when:

 An opponent gains control.
 The ball becomes dead.
 The ball has left the player's hand(s) on a shot for a field goal or for a free throw.

Player in the act of shooting

Definition
 - A shot for a field goal or a free throw is when the ball is held in a player's hand(s)
and is then thrown into the air towards the opponents' basket.
- A tap for a field goal is when the ball is directed with the hand(s) towards the
opponents' basket.A dunk for a field goal is when the ball is forced downwards
into the opponents' basket with one or both hands.

Goal: When made and its value

Definition
- A goal is made when a live ball enters the basket from above and remains within
or passes through the basket entirely.
- The ball is considered to be within the basket when the slightest part of the ball is
within the basket and below the level of the ring.

Rule
A goal is credited to the team attacking the opponents' basket into which the ball has
entered as follows:
 A goal released from a free throw counts 1 point.
 A goal released from the 2-point field goal area counts 2 points.
 A goal released from the 3-point field goal area counts 3 points.
 After the ball has touched the ring on a last free throw and is legally touched by
any player before it enters the basket, the goal counts 2 points.
If a player accidentally scores a field goal in his team's basket, the goal counts 2 points
and shall be entered on the scoresheet as having been scored by the captain of the
opponents' team on the playing court.

- If a player deliberately scores a field goal in his team's basket, it is a violation and
the goal does not count.
- If a player causes the entire ball to pass through the basket from below, it is a
violation.
- The game clock or the shot clock must show 0.3 (3 tenths of a second) or more
for a player to gain control of the ball on a throw-in or on a rebound after the last
free throw in order to attempt a shot for a field goal. If the by tapping or directly
dunking the ball, provided that the hand(s) of the player are no game clock or the
shot clock show 0.2 or 0.1 the only type of a valid field goal made is longer
touching the ball when the game clock or the shot clock show 0.0.
Throw-in
Definition
- A throw-in occurs when the ball is passed into the playing court by the out-of-
bounds player taking the throw-in.

Rule
The player taking the throw-in shall not:
 Take more than 5 seconds to release the ball.
 Step into the playing court while having the ball in his hand(s).
 Cause the ball to touch out-of-bounds, after it has been released on the throwin.
 Touch the ball on the playing court before it has touched another player.
 Cause the ball to enter the basket directly.
 Move from the designated throw-in place behind the boundary line laterally in
one or both directions, exceeding a total distance of 1 m before releasing the
ball.
 However, he is permitted to move directly backwards from the boundary line as
far as circumstances allow.

Time-out
Definition
- A time-out is an interruption of the game requested by the head coach or first
assistant coach.

Rule
Each time-out shall last 1 minute.
A time-out may be granted during a time-out opportunity.
A time-out opportunity begins when:
 For both teams, the ball becomes dead, the game clock is stopped and the
referee has ended his communication with the scorer's table.
 For both teams, the ball becomes dead following a successful last free throw.
 For the non-scoring team, a field goal is scored.
A time-out opportunity ends when the ball is at the disposal of a player for a throw-in or
for a first free throw.
Each team may be granted:
 2 time-outs during the first half.
 3 time-outs during the second half with a maximum of 2 of these time-outs when
the game clock shows 2:00 minutes or less in the fourth quarter.
 1 time-out during each overtime.

Unused time-outs may not be carried over to the next half or overtime.
A time-out is charged on the team whose head coach first made a request unless the
time-out is granted following a field goal scored by the opponents and without an
infraction having been called.
A time-out shall not be permitted to the scoring team when the game clock shows 2:00
minutes or less in the fourth quarter and in each overtime and, following a successful
field goal unless a referee has interrupted the game.

Substitution
Definition
- A substitution is an interruption of the game requested by the substitute to become a
player.

Rule
A team may substitute a player(s) during a substitution opportunity.
A substitution opportunity begins when:
 For both teams, the ball becomes dead, the game clock is stopped and the
referee has ended his communication with the scorer's table.
 For both teams, the ball becomes dead following a successful last free throw.
 For the non-scoring team, a field goal is scored when the game clock shows 2:00
minutes or less in the fourth quarter and in each overtime.

A substitution opportunity ends when the ball is at the disposal of a player for a throw in
or a first free throw.
A player who has become a substitute and a substitute who has become a player
cannot respectively re-enter the game or leave the game until the ball becomes dead
again, after a clock-running phase of the game, unless:
 The team is reduced to fewer than 5 players on the playing court.
 The player entitled to the free-throws as the result of the correction of an error is
on the team bench after having been legally substituted.

Topic 11-GAME PART 2

A substitution shall not be permitted to the scoring team when the game clock is
stopped following a successful field goal when the game clock shows 2:00 minutes or
less in the fourth quarter and in each overtime unless a referee has interrupted the
game. If the player receives any treatment or any assistance, he must be substituted
unless the team is reduced to fewer than 5 players on the playing court.

Procedure
- Only a substitute has the right to request a substitution. He (not the head coach
or the first assistant coach) shall go to the scorer's table and ask clearly for a
substitution, making the proper conventional sign with his hands, or sit on the
substitution chair. He must be ready to play immediately. A substitution request
may be cancelled only before the timer's signal has sounded for such a request.

- As soon as a substitution opportunity begins, the timer shall sound his signal to
notify the referees that a request for a substitution has been made. The
substitute shall remain outside the boundary line until the referee blows his
whistle, gives the substitution signal and beckons him to enter the playing court.
The player being substituted is permitted to go directly to his team bench without
reporting either to the timer or the referee.

- Substitutions shall be completed as quickly as possible. A player who has

committed 5 fouls or has been disqualified must be substituted immediately
(taking no more than 30 seconds). If, in the judgement of a referee, there is a
delay of the game, a time-out shall be charged on the offending team. If the team
has no time-out remaining, a technical foul for delaying the game may be
charged on the head coach.
If a substitution is requested during a time-out or during an interval of play other than
the half-time interval, the substitute must report to the timer before entering the game. If
the free throw shooter must be substituted because he:
 Is injured, or
 Has committed 5 fouls, or
 Has been disqualified,
the free throw(s) must be attempted by his substitute who may not be substituted
again until he has played in the next clock running phase of the game.

If the request for a substitution is made by either team after the ball is at the disposal of
the free-throw shooter for the first free throw, the substitution shall be granted if:
 The last free throw is successful.
 The last free throw, if not successful, is followed by a throw-in.
 A foul is called between free throws. In this case the free throw(s) shall be
completed, and the substitution shall be permitted before the new foul penalty is
administered, unless otherwise stated in these rules.
 A foul is called before the ball becomes live after the last free throw. In this case
the substitution shall be permitted before the new foul penalty is administered.
 A violation is called before the ball becomes live after the last free throw. In this
case the substitution shall be permitted before the throw-in is administered. In the
event of consecutive sets of free throws and/or possession of the ball resulting
from more than 1 foul penalty, each set is to be treated separately

Game lost by forfeit

Rule
A team shall lose the game by forfeit if:
 The team is not present or is unable to field 5 players ready to play 15 minutes
 after the game is scheduled to begin.
 Its actions prevent the game from being played.
 It refuses to play after being instructed to do so by the crew chief.

Penalty
- The game is awarded to the opponents and the score shall be 20 to 0.
Furthermore, the forfeiting team shall receive 0 classification point.
 - For a 2-games (home and away) total points series (aggregate score) and for
PlayOffs (best of 3), the team that forfeits in the first, second, or third game shall
lose the series or Play-Offs by 'forfeit'.
- This does not apply for Play-Offs (best of 5 and best of 7).
- If in a tournament the team forfeits for the second time, the team shall be
disqualified from the tournament and the results of all games played by this team
shall be nullified.

Game lost by default

Rule
- A team shall lose a game by default if, during the game, the team has fewer than
2 players on the playing court ready to play.

Penalty
- If the team to which the game is awarded is ahead, the score shall stand as at
the time when the game was stopped. If the team to which the game is awarded
is not ahead, the score shall be 2 to 0 in its favour. The defaulting team shall
receive 1 classification point. For a 2-games (home and away) total point series
(aggregate score), the team that defaults in the first or in the second game shall
lose the series by 'default'.

Violations
- A violation is an infraction of the rules.

Penalty
- The ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in from the place nearest
to the infraction, except directly behind the backboard, unless otherwise stated in
these rules.
Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of bounds

Definition
- A player is out-of-bounds when any part of his body is in contact with the floor, or
any object other than a player above, on or outside the boundary line.
The ball is out-of-bounds when it touches:
 A player or any other person who is out-of-bounds.
 The floor or any object above, on or outside the boundary line.
 The backboard supports, the back of the backboards or any object above the
playing court.

Rule
- The ball is caused to go out-of-bounds by the last player to touch or be touched
by the ball before it goes out-of-bounds, even if the ball then goes out-of-bounds
by touching something other than a player. If the ball is out-of-bounds because of
touching or being touched by a player who is on or outside the boundary line, this
player causes the ball to go out-of-bounds. If a player(s) move(s) to out-of-
bounds or to his backcourt during a held ball, a jump ball situation occurs

Dribbling
- A dribble is the movement of a live ball caused by a player in control of that ball
who throws, taps, rolls or bounces the ball on the floor. A dribble starts when a
player, having gained control of a live ball on the playing court throws, taps, rolls
or bounces it on the floor and touches it again before it touches another player.
- A dribble ends when the player touches the ball with both hands simultaneously
or permits the ball to come to rest in one or both hands. During a dribble the ball
may be thrown into the air provided the ball touches the floor or another player
before the player who threw it touches it again with his hand. There is no limit to
the number of steps a player may take when the ball is not in contact with his
hand.
- A player who accidentally loses and then regains control of a live ball on the
playing court is considered to be fumbling the ball.

The following are not dribbles:

 Successive shots for a field goal.
 Fumbling the ball at the beginning or at the end of a dribble.
 Attempts to gain control of the ball by tapping it from the vicinity of other players.
 Tapping the ball from the control of another player.
 Deflecting a pass and gaining control of the ball.
 Tossing the ball from hand to hand and allowing it to come to rest in one or both
hands before touching the floor, provided that no travelling violation is committed.
 Throwing the ball against the backboard and regaining the control of the ball.
Rule
A player shall not dribble for a second time after his first dribble has ended unless
between the 2 dribbles he has lost control of a live ball on the playing court because of:
 A shot for a field goal.
 A touch of the ball by an opponent.
 A pass or fumble that has touched or been touched by another player.

Travelling
- Travelling is the illegal movement of one foot or both feet beyond the limits
outlined in this article, in any direction, while holding a live ball on the playing
court. A pivot is the legal movement in which a player who is holding a live ball
on the playing court steps once or more than once in any direction with the same
foot, while the other foot, called the pivot foot, is kept at its point of contact with
the floor.

Rule
Establishing a pivot foot by a player who catches a live ball on the playing court:
- A player who catches the ball while standing with both feet on the floor:
 The moment one foot is lifted, the other foot becomes the pivot foot.
 To start a dribble, the pivot foot may not be lifted before the ball is released from
the hand(s).
 To pass or shoot for a field goal, the player may jump off a pivot foot, but neither
foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released from the hand(s).

A player who catches the ball while he is progressing, or upon completion of a dribble,
may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball:
 If, after receiving the ball, a player shall release the ball to start his dribble before
his second step.
 The first step occurs when one foot or both feet touch the floor after gaining
control of the ball.
 The second step occurs after the first step when the other foot touches the floor
or both feet touch the floor simultaneously.
 If the player who comes to a stop on his first step has both feet on the floor or
they touch the floor simultaneously, he may pivot using either foot as his pivot
foot. If he then jumps with both feet, no foot may return to the floor before the ball
is released from the hand(s).
  If a player lands with one foot he may only pivot using that foot.
 If a player jumps off one foot on the first step, he may land with both feet
simultaneously for the second step. In this situation, the player may not pivot with
either foot. If one foot or both feet then leave the floor, no foot may return to the
floor before the ball is released from the hand(s).
 If both feet are off the floor and the player lands on both feet simultaneously, the
moment one foot is lifted the other foot becomes the pivot foot.
 A player may not touch the floor consecutively with the same foot or both feet
after ending his dribble or gaining control of the ball.

A player falling, lying or sitting on the floor:

 It is legal when a player falls and slides on the floor while holding the ball or,
while lying or sitting on the floor, gains control of the ball.
 It is a violation if the player then rolls or attempts to stand up while holding the
ball

3 seconds Rule
- A player shall not remain in the opponents' restricted area for more than 3
consecutive seconds while his team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and
the game clock is running.

Allowances must be made for a player who:

 Makes an attempt to leave the restricted area.
 Is in the restricted area when he or his team-mate is in the act of shooting and
the ball is leaving or has just left the player's hand(s) on the shot for a field goal.
 Dribbles in the restricted area to shoot for a field goal after having been there for
less than 3 consecutive seconds. To establish himself outside the restricted area,
the player must place both feet on the floor outside the restricted area.

Closely guarded player

Definition
- A player who is holding a live ball on the playing court is closely guarded when
an opponent is in an active legal guarding position at a distance of no more than
1m.
Rule
- A closely guarded player must pass, shoot or dribble the ball within 5 seconds.

8 seconds
Rule
Whenever:
 A player in the backcourt gains control of a live ball, or
 On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player in the
backcourt and the team of that player taking the throw-in remains in control of
the ball in its backcourt, that team must cause the ball to go into its frontcourt
within 8 seconds.

The team has caused the ball to go into its frontcourt whenever:
 The ball, not in control of any player, touches the frontcourt.
 The ball touches or is legally touched by an offensive player who has both
feet completely in contact with his frontcourt.
 The ball touches or is legally touched by a defensive player who has part of
his body in contact with his backcourt.
 The ball touches a referee who has part of his body in contact with the
frontcourt of the team in control of the ball.
 During a dribble from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the ball and both feet of
the dribbler are completely in contact with the frontcourt.

The 8-second period shall continue with any time remaining when the same team that
previously had control of the ball is awarded a throw-in in the backcourt, as a result of:
 A ball having gone out-of-bounds.
 A player of the same team having been •
 A technical foul committed by that team. injured.
 A jump ball situation.
 A double foul.
 A cancellation of equal penalties on both teams.
24 seconds Rule
Whenever:
 A player gains control of a live ball on the playing court,
 On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player on the
playing court and the team of that player taking the throw-in remains in control
of the ball, that team must attempt a shot for a field goal within 24 seconds.

To constitute a shot for a field goal within 24 seconds:

 The ball must leave the player's hand(s) before the shot clock signal sounds,
and
 After the ball has left the player's hand(s), the ball must touch the ring or enter
the basket

When a shot for a field goal is attempted near the end of the 24-second period and the
shot clock signal sounds while the ball is in the air:
 If the ball enters the basket, no violation has occurred, the signal shall be
disregarded and the goal shall count.
 If the ball touches the ring but does not enter the basket, no violation has
occurred, the signal shall be disregarded and the game shall continue.
 If the ball misses the ring, a violation has occurred. However, if the opponents
gain an immediate and clear control of the ball, the signal shall be
disregarded and the game shall continue.

When the backboard is equipped with yellow lighting along its perimeter at the top, the
lighting takes precedence over the shot clock signal sound. All restrictions related to
goaltending and interference shall apply.

Ball returned to the backcourt

A team is in control of a live ball in its frontcourt when:

 A player of that team is touching his frontcourt with both feet while holding,
catching or dribbling the ball in his frontcourt, or
 The ball is passed between the players of that team in its frontcourt. A team in
control of a live ball in the frontcourt has caused the ball to be illegally
 returned to its backcourt, if a player of that team is the last to touch the ball in
his frontcourt and the ball is then first touched by a player of that team:
 Who has part of his body in contact with the backcourt, or
 After the ball has touched the backcourt of that team. This restriction applies
to all situations in a team's frontcourt, including throw-ins. However, it does
not apply to a player who jumps from his frontcourt, establishes a new team
control while still airborne and then lands with the ball in his team's backcourt.

Rule
A team which is in control of a live ball in its frontcourt may not cause the ball to be
illegally returned to its backcourt.

Penalty
The ball shall be awarded to the opponents' team for a throw-in in its frontcourt from the
place nearest to the infraction except directly behind the backboard.

Goaltending and Interference

Definition
A shot for a field goal or a free throw:
 Begins when the ball leaves the hand(s) of a player in the act of shooting.

Ends when the ball:

 Enters the basket directly from above and remains within the basket or
passes through the basket entirely.
 No longer has the possibility to enter the basket.
 Touches the ring.
 Touches the floor.
 Becomes dead.

Goaltending occurs during a shot for a free throw when a player touches the ball while it
is in flight to the basket and before it touches the ring
The goaltending restrictions apply until:
 The ball no longer has the possibility to enter the basket.
 The ball has touched the ring.

Interference occurs when:

 After a shot for a field goal or the last free throw a player touches the basket
or the backboard while the ball is in contact with the ring.
 After a free throw followed by an additional free throw(s), a player ball, the
basket or the backboard while there is still a possibility that the ball will
touches the enter the basket.
 A player reaches through the basket from below and touches the ball.
 A defensive player touches the ball or the basket while the ball is within the
basket, thus preventing the ball from passing through the basket.

A player causes the basket to vibrate or grasps the basket in such a way that, in the
judgement of a referee, the ball has been prevented from entering the basket or has
been caused to enter the basket.
 A player grasps the basket and plays the ball.

When:
- A referee has blown his whistle while:
 The ball was in the hands of a player in the act of shooting,
or
 The ball was in flight on a shot for a field goal or on a last
free throw,
 The game clock signal has sounded for the end of the
quarter or overtime,
No player shall touch the ball after it has touched the ring while it still has the possibility
to enter the basket.
All restrictions related to goaltending and interference shall apply.

Penalty
If the violation is committed by an offensive player, no points can be awarded. The ball
shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in from the free-throw line extended,
unless otherwise stated in these rules.
If the violation is committed by a defensive player, the offensive team is awarded:
 1 point, if the ball was released for a free throw.
 2 points, if the ball was released from the 2-point field goal area.
 3 points, if the ball was released from the 3-point field goal area.
The awarding of the points is considered as if the ball had entered the basket. If the
goaltending is committed by a defensive player during a last free throw, 1 point shall be
awarded to the offensive team, followed by a technical foul penalty charged on the
defensive player.

Lesson 13-Basketball Officiating Officials

REFEREES, TABLE OFFICIALS’ COMMISSIONER: DUTIES AND POWERS

Referees, table officials and commissioner

- The referees shall be a crew chief and 1 or 2 umpire(s). They shall be assisted
by the table officials and by a commissioner, if present. The table officials shall
be a scorer, an assistant scorer, a timer and a shot clock operator. The
commissioner shall sit between the scorer and the timer. His primary duty during
the game is to supervise the work of the table officials and to assist the crew
chief and umpire(s) in the smooth functioning of the game.
- The referees of a given game should not be connected in any way with either
team on the playing court. The referees, the table officials and the commissioner
shall conduct the game in accordance with these rules and have no authority to
change them. The referees' uniform shall consist of an referees' shirt, long black
trousers, black socks and black basketball shoes. The referees and table officials
shall be uniformly dressed.

Crew chief: Duties and powers

The crew chief shall:
 Inspect and approve all equipment to be used during the game.
 Designate the official game clock, shot clock, stopwatch and recognize the table
officials.
 Select a game ball from at least 2 used balls provided by the home team. Should
neither of these balls be suitable as the game ball, he may select the best quality
ball available.
 Not permit any player to wear objects that may cause injury to other players.
  Administer a jump ball at the beginning of the first quarter and an alternating
possession throw-in at the beginning of all other quarters and overtimes.
 Have the power to stop a game when conditions warrant it.
 Have the power to determine that a team shall forfeit the game.
 Carefully examine the scoresheet at the end of playing time or at any time he
feels is necessary.

Approve and sign the scoresheet at the end of playing time, terminating the referees'
administration and connection with the game. The referees' power shall begin when
they arrive on the playing court 20 minutes before the game is scheduled to begin, and
end when the game clock signal sounds for the end of the game as approved by the
referees. Enter on the reverse side of the scoresheet, in the dressing room before
signing the scoresheet:
 Any forfeit or disqualifying foul,
 Any unsportsmanlike behavior by team members, head coaches, assistant
coaches and accompanying delegation members that occurs prior to the 20
minutes before the game is scheduled to begin, or between the end of the game
and the approval and signing of the scoresheet. In such a case, the crew chief
(or commissioner, if present) must send a detailed report to the organizing body
of the competition. Make the final decision whenever necessary or when the
referees disagree. To make a final decision he may consult the umpire(s), the
commissioner, if present, and/or the table officials.

Referees: Duties and powers

The referees shall have the power to make decisions on infractions of the rules
committed either within or outside the boundary line including the scorer's table, the
team benches and the areas immediately behind the lines. The referees shall blow their
whistles when an infraction of the rules occurs, a quarter or overtime ends or the
referees find it necessary to stop the game. The referees shall not blow their whistles
after a successful field goal, a successful free throw or when the ball becomes live.
When deciding on a personal contact or violation, the referees shall, in each instance,
have regard to and weigh up the following fundamental principles:
 The spirit and intent of the rules and the need to uphold the integrity of the game.
 Consistency in application of the concept of advantage/disadvantage'. The
referees should not seek to interrupt the flow of the game unnecessarily in order
to penalize incidental personal contact which does not give the player
responsible an advantage nor place his opponent at a disadvantage.
Consistency in the application of common sense to each game, bearing in mind the
abilities of the players concerned and their attitude and conduct during the game.
 Consistency in the maintenance of a balance between game control and game
flow, having a 'feeling' for what the participants are trying to do and calling what
is right for the game. Should a protest be filed by one of the teams, the crew chief
(or commissioner, if present) shall, upon receipt of the protest reasons, report in
writing the incident to the organizing body of the competition. If a referee is
injured or for any other reason cannot continue to perform his duties within 5
minutes of the incident, the game shall be resumed. The remaining referee(s)
shall officiate for the remainder of the game alone unless there is the possibility
of replacing the injured referee with a qualified substitute referee. After consulting
with the commissioner, if present, the remaining referee(s) shall decide upon the
possible replacement.

Scorer and assistant scorer: Duties

The scorer shall be provided with a scoresheet and shall keep a record of:
 Teams, by entering the names and numbers of the players who are to begin the
game and of all substitutes who enter the game. When there is an infraction of
the rules regarding the 5 players to begin the game, substitutions or numbers of
players, he shall notify the nearest referee as soon as possible.
 Running summary of points scored, by entering the field goals and the free
throws made.
 Fouls charged on each player. The scorer must notify a referee immediately
when 5 fouls are charged on any player. He shall enter the fouls charged on
each head coach and must notify a referee immediately when a head coach
should be disqualified. Similarly, he must notify a referee immediately that a
player should be disqualified, if he has committed 2 technical fouls, or 2
unsportsmanlike fouls, or 1 technical and 1 unsportsmanlike foul.
 Time-outs. He must notify the referees of the time-out opportunity when a team
has requested a time-out and notify the head coach through a referee when the
head coach has no more time-out(s) left in a half or overtime.
 The next alternating possession, by operating the alternating possession arrow.
The scorer shall reverse the direction of the alternating possession arrow
immediately after the end of the first half as the teams shall exchange baskets for
the second half. The assistant scorer shall operate the scoreboard and assist the
scorer and timer. In case of any discrepancy between the scoreboard and the
scoresheet which cannot be resolved, the scoresheet shall take precedence and
the scoreboard shall be corrected accordingly. If a scorekeeping error is
recognized on the scoresheet:
  During the game, the timer must wait for the first dead ball before sounding his
signal.
 After the end of the playing time and before the scoresheet has been signed by
the crew chief, the error shall be corrected, even if this correction influences the
final result of the game.
 After the scoresheet has been signed by the crew chief, the error may no longer
be corrected. The crew chief or the commissioner, if present, shall send a
detailed report to the organizing body of the competition.

Timer: Duties
The timer shall be provided with a game clock and a stopwatch and shall:
 Measure playing time, time-outs and intervals of play. • Ensure that the game
clock signal sounds very loudly and automatically at the end of a quarter or
overtime.
 Use any means possible to notify the referees immediately if his signal fails to
sound or is not heard.
 Indicate the number of fouls committed by each player by raising, in a manner
visible to both head coaches, the marker with the number of fouls committed by
that player.
 Position the team foul marker on the scorer's table, at the end nearest to the
bench of the team in the team foul penalty situation, when the ball becomes live
after the fourth team foul in a quarter.
 Effect substitutions.
 Sound his signal only when the ball becomes dead and before the ball becomes
live again. The sound of his signal does not stop the game clock or the game nor
cause the ball to become dead.

The timer shall measure playing time as follows:

 Starting the game clock when:
- During a jump ball, the ball is legally tapped by a jumper.
- After an unsuccessful last free throw and the ball continues to be live, the ball
touches or is touched by any player on the playing court.
- During a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player on the
playing court.

 Stopping the game clock when:

 - Time expires at the end of a quarter and overtime, if not stopped automatically by
the game clock itself.
- A referee blows his whistle while the ball is live.
- A field goal is scored against a team which has requested a time-out.
- A field goal is scored when the game clock shows 2:00 minutes or less in the
fourth quarter and in each overtime.
- The shot clock signal sounds while a team is in control of the ball.

The timer shall measure a time-out as follows:

 Starting the stopwatch immediately when the referee blows his whistle and gives
the time-out signal.
 Sounding his signal when 50 seconds of the time-out have elapsed.
 Sounding his signal when the time-out has ended. The timer shall measure an
interval of play as follows:
 Starting the stopwatch immediately when a previous quarter or overtime has
ended.
 Notifying the referees before the first and third quarter when 3 minutes and 1.5
minutes remain until the beginning of the quarter.
 Sounding his signal before the second and fourth quarter and each overtime
when 30 seconds remain until the beginning of the quarter or overtime.
 Sounding his signal and simultaneously stopping the stopwatch immediately
when an interval of play has ended.

Shot clock operator: Duties

The shot clock operator shall be provided with a shot clock which shall be:
Started or restarted when:
 On the playing court a team gains control of a live ball. After that, the mere
touching of the ball by an opponent does not start a new shot clock period if the
same team remains in control of the ball.
 On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player on the playing
court.

Stopped, but not reset, with the remaining time visible, when the same team that
previously had control of the ball is awarded a throw-in as the result of:
 A ball having gone out-of-bounds.
 A player of the same team having been injured.
 A technical foul committed by that team.
  A jump ball situation (not when the ball lodges between the ring and the
backboard).
 A double foul.
 A cancellation of equal penalties on both teams.

Stopped, but also not reset, with the remaining time visible, when the same team that
previously had control of the ball is awarded a frontcourt throw-in and 14 or more
seconds are displayed on the shot clock as a result of a foul or violation.

Stopped and reset to 24 seconds, with no display visible, when:

 The ball legally enters the basket.
 The ball touches the ring of the opponents' basket and it is controlled by the team
that was not in control of the ball before it has touched the ring.

 The team is awarded a backcourt throw-in:

- As the result of a foul or violation (not for the ball having gone out-of bounds).
- As the result of a jump ball situation for the team that previously did not have the
control of the ball.
- The game is stopped because of an action not connected with the team in control
of the ball.
- The game is stopped because of an action not connected with either team,
unless the opponents would be placed at a disadvantage.
 The team is awarded free throw(s).

Stopped and reset to 14 seconds, with 14 seconds visible, when:

 The same team that previously had control of the ball is awarded a frontcourt
throw-in and 13 seconds or less are displayed on the shot clock:
- As the result of a foul or violation (not for the ball having gone out-of bounds).
June 2020 OFFICIAL BASKETBALL RULES 2020 Page 59 of 96
- The game being stopped because of an action not connected with the team in
control of the ball.
- The game being stopped because of an action not connected with either team,
unless the opponents would be placed at a disadvantage.
  The team that previously did not have the control of the ball shall be awarded a
frontcourt throw-in as a result of a:
- Personal foul or violation (including for the ball having gone out-of-bounds),
- Jump ball situation.

A team shall be awarded a throw-in from the throw-in line in its frontcourt as a result of
an unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul.
 After the ball has touched the ring on an unsuccessful shot for a field goal
(including when the ball lodges between the ring and the backboard), an
unsuccessful last free throw, or on a pass, if the team which regains control of
the ball is the same team that was in control of the ball before the ball touched
the ring.
 The game clock shows 2:00 minutes or less in the fourth quarter or in each
overtime following a time-out taken by the team that is entitled to the possession
of the ball from its backcourt and the head coach decides that the game shall be
resumed with a throw-in for his team from the throw-in line in the team's
frontcourt and 14 seconds or more are displayed on the shot clock at the time
when the game clock was stopped.

Switched off, after the ball becomes dead and the game clock has been stopped in any
quarter or overtime when there is a new control of the ball for either team and there are
fewer than 14 seconds on the game clock. The shot clock signal neither stops the game
clock or the game, nor causes the ball to become dead, unless a team is in a control of
the ball.

REFEREES SIGNALS
- The hand signals illustrated in these rules are the only valid referees' signals.
While reporting to the scorer's table it is strongly recommended to verbally
support the communication (in international games in the English language). It is
important that the table officials are familiar with these signals.

Starting & Stopping Clock

1. Start the clock
2. Stop the clock
3. Stop clock for jump held ball
4. Stop clock for foul
5. Stop clock for foul (optional bind dog)
6. Directional signal (information)

Shooting & Scoring

1. Designated spot
2. Visible counts
3. Bonus free throw to 2nd throw
4. 60 sec time-out
5. 30 sec time-out
6. Not closely guarded
7. No score
8. Delayed lane violation
9. Goal counts

Violations
1. Travelling
2. Illegal dribble
3. Palming carrying the ball
4. Over and back
5. 3 sec violation
6. 5 sec violation
7. 10 sec violation
8. Kicking
9. Excessively swinging arms/elbows

Fouls
1. Technical foul
2. Intentional foul
3. Pushing or charging
4. Blocking
5. Illegal use of hand
6. Holding
7. Double foul
8. Hand check
9. Player control foul