Contents

Cloud Computing Fundamentals.................................................................................................................1

Definition.................................................................................................................................................1
Benefits of Cloud Computing...................................................................................................................2
Major Cloud Service Providers.................................................................................................................3
Deployment Models................................................................................................................................4
Relevant Examples and Case Studies.......................................................................................................6
Different Cloud Service Models...................................................................................................................6
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).............................................................................................................6
Platform as a Service (PaaS).....................................................................................................................7
Software as a Service (SaaS)....................................................................................................................7
Case Studies.............................................................................................................................................8
Infrastructure as a Code (IaC)..................................................................................................................9
Examples and Case Study........................................................................................................................9
How do I learn Infrastructure as Code?.................................................................................................11
References.............................................................................................................................................12
Quiz:......................................................................................................................................................12

Cloud Computing Fundamentals

Cloud Computing refers to storing and accessing data and computing services over the internet. It
eliminates the need for local installations and allows on-demand availability of resources like servers,
databases, and networking.

Definition
Let’s break down Cloud Computing in simple terms:

 What is Cloud Computing?

o Imagine your computer’s hard drive or local server as your personal storage space. Now,
think of the cloud as a magical place on the internet where you can store and access
your data and programs. But unlike traditional outsourced data centers, cloud services
 provide an abstraction layer so that you don’t need to concern yourself with the
technical details of configuring or maintaining a server.
o Instead of saving files on your computer, you can save them on remote servers hosted
by cloud providers (like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud
Platform).
o These servers are like giant digital warehouses where you can keep your stuff—files,
images, documents, and more.
 Why Cloud?
o Cost-Effective: Cloud providers offer a “pay-as-you-go” model. You only pay for what
you use, unlike traditional servers where you pay even if they’re idle.
o Maintenance-Free: No need to worry about server maintenance or upgrades. The cloud
provider handles it all.
o Scalability: Need more space? Just ask the cloud—it can grow or shrink as needed.
 How Does It Work?
o When you watch a video on YouTube or use an app on your phone, you’re tapping into
cloud services.
o The cloud handles requests from your device, retrieves data from its servers, and sends
it back to you. All this happens over the internet.
 Virtualization:
o Think of virtualization as creating “virtual” versions of your computer’s resources (like
RAM, CPU, and storage).
o It’s like having multiple mini-computers inside a big one. Each mini-computer (called a
virtual instance) runs independently.
 Cloud Architecture:
o The front end is what you see—the user interface. It can be a lightweight web browser
(thin client) or a feature-rich app (fat client).
o The back end is where the magic happens—multiple servers for storage and processing.
It’s like the engine room of the cloud ship.
 Examples of Cloud Services:
o Storage: Storing files and databases securely in the cloud.
o Software on Demand: Accessing apps without installing them locally.
o Streaming: Watching videos or listening to music online.

Remember, the cloud is like a digital genie—it grants your computing wishes without needing a magic

lamp! ☁️

Benefits of Cloud Computing

Let’s explore the benefits of cloud computing:

1. Cost Efficiency:
o Cloud services operate on a pay-as-you-go model, allowing organizations to avoid
upfront capital expenses.
o No need to invest in physical infrastructure, maintenance, or upgrades.
 o Example: A startup can launch its application without purchasing servers or data
centers.
2. Scalability and Flexibility:
o Cloud resources can be scaled up or down based on demand.
o Easily accommodate traffic spikes or seasonal variations.
o Example: An e-commerce website handling Black Friday sales.
3. Global Accessibility:
o Cloud services are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection.
o Enables remote work, collaboration, and global reach.
o Example: Teams collaborating on a project across different time zones.
4. Reliability and Redundancy:
o Cloud providers offer redundant data centers across regions.
o High availability and disaster recovery options.
o Example: Data replication across multiple AWS Availability Zones.
o Example: Microsoft SharePoint can be run on Microsoft Azure instead of on-premises
servers.
5. Security and Compliance:
o Cloud providers invest in robust security measures.
o Compliance certifications (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) for sensitive data.
o Example: Storing healthcare records securely in the cloud.
6. Automatic Updates and Maintenance:
o Cloud services handle updates, patches, and maintenance.
o Organizations focus on innovation rather than infrastructure management.
o Example: Regular security updates without manual intervention.
7. Environmentally Friendly:
o Cloud computing reduces the need for physical servers and data centers.
o Energy-efficient infrastructure.
o Example: Lower carbon footprint compared to on-premises solutions.
8. Scalable Storage and Backup:
o Cloud storage allows organizations to store and retrieve data easily.
o Automatic backups and data redundancy.
o Example: Storing large datasets or media files.
9. Innovation Acceleration:
o Developers can quickly experiment and deploy new features.
o Access to cutting-edge technologies (AI, machine learning, IoT).
o Example: Building chatbots using cloud-based natural language processing.
10. Collaboration and Integration:
o Cloud services facilitate collaboration among teams.
o Integration with third-party tools and APIs.
o Example: Integrating Salesforce with marketing automation tools.

Remember, the benefits vary based on the specific cloud service model (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and the
organization’s unique requirements. Cloud computing empowers businesses to focus on their core

competencies while leveraging scalable and efficient technology! ☁️🌟

Major Cloud Service Providers

Here are some popular cloud service providers that offer a range of services for businesses and
developers:

1. Amazon Web Services (AWS):

o Description: AWS is a leading public cloud provider, offering a wide array of services,
including compute, storage, databases, machine learning, and more.
o Use Cases: Scalable web applications, data analytics, AI/ML workloads.
o Example: Netflix relies on AWS for its streaming service1.
o Example: Edifecs uses AWS for some Smart Trading and Encounter Management
customers.
2. Microsoft Azure:
o Description: Azure provides a comprehensive suite of cloud services, including IaaS,
PaaS, and SaaS.
o Use Cases: Enterprise applications, hybrid cloud solutions, DevOps.
o Example: Many organizations use Azure for app development and deployment1.
3. Google Cloud Platform (GCP):
o Description: GCP offers cloud services, machine learning, and data analytics tools.
o Use Cases: Big data processing, container orchestration, AI/ML.
o Example: Spotify uses GCP for its data analytics and recommendation systems.
o Example: Bluie Shield of California uses Google Cloud
4. Oracle Cloud:
o Description: Oracle Cloud offers database services, enterprise applications, and
infrastructure.
o Use Cases: Enterprise workloads, database management.
o Example: Zoom uses Oracle Cloud for its video conferencing platform.
5. Alibaba Cloud:
o Description: Alibaba Cloud is a major player in Asia, providing cloud services globally.
o Use Cases: E-commerce, IoT, content delivery.
o Example: Alibaba Group’s e-commerce platforms run on Alibaba Cloud.
[5.] Oracle Cloud:
o Description: Oracle Cloud offers database services, enterprise applications, and
infrastructure.
o Use Cases: Enterprise workloads, database management.
o Example: Zoom uses Oracle Cloud for its video conferencing platform.
[6.] Salesforce:
o Description: Salesforce specializes in CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
solutions.
o Use Cases: Sales, marketing, customer service.
o Example: Companies use Salesforce to manage customer interactions 1.

Remember that the choice of cloud provider depends on your specific needs, budget, and existing
technology stack. Each provider has its strengths, so consider evaluating them based on your

requirements! ☁️🚀
Deployment Models

Cloud services can be deployed in various ways:

Let’s explore the different types of cloud deployment models, along with their advantages and
disadvantages:

A. Public Cloud Deployment

Description: In the public cloud model, the service provider owns and operates the hardware, and
multiple users share the same server.

 Pros:
o Pay-as-you-go: Cost-effective, as you pay only for what you consume.
o Scalability: Easily scale resources without upfront capital expenditure.
o Security and Disaster Recovery: Provider handles security and recovery.
 Cons:
o Limited Control: You don’t own the server or infrastructure.
o Shared Resources: Sharing resources with other users.
o Provider Changes: Infrastructure changes may impact your setup1.

B. Private Cloud Deployment

Description: A private cloud is owned by a specific organization and provides controlled access to
authorized users.

 Pros:
o Control: Greater control over infrastructure and security.
o Customization: Tailored to specific business needs.
o Compliance: Ideal for industries with strict data requirements.
 Cons:
o Higher Costs: Requires investment in infrastructure.
o Maintenance: Responsibility for maintenance and updates.
o Limited Scalability: Limited by available resources.

C. Hybrid Cloud Deployment

Description: Combines public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to move seamlessly
between them.

 Pros:
o Flexibility: Balance cost, control, and scalability.
o Data Control: Keep sensitive data on-premises.
o Disaster Recovery: Redundancy across environments.
 Cons:
o Complexity: Managing multiple environments.
 o Integration Challenges: Ensuring seamless communication.
o Cost Management: Balancing expenses.

D. Multi-Cloud Deployment:

Description: Uses services from multiple cloud providers.

 Pros:
o Vendor Independence: Avoids vendor lock-in.
o Best-of-Breed: Choose specialized services from different providers.
o Geographic Redundancy: Spread across different regions.
 Cons:
o Complexity: Managing diverse environments.
o Data Movement: Ensuring data consistency.
o Cost Tracking: Monitoring expenses across providers.

Remember, the best deployment model depends on your organization’s specific needs, budget, and
goals. Evaluate each option carefully to make an informed decision!

Relevant Examples and Case Studies

1. Netflix (SaaS)

- Case Study: Netflix relies on Amazon Web Services (AWS) for its massive streaming service.

- Impact: Scalability, global reach, and seamless content delivery.

2. Airbnb (IaaS)

- Case Study: Airbnb primarily uses AWS for hosting applications and managing data.

- Impact: Scalability, cost-effectiveness, and reliable infrastructure.

3. Movius (IaaS)

- Case Study: Movius provides its multiline offering using IBM Cloud bare metal servers hosted
worldwide.

- Impact: Global availability, robust infrastructure, and data security.

4. American Association of Insurance Services (AAIS) (PaaS)

- Case Study: AAIS partnered with IBM to create an open blockchain network for regulatory reporting.

- Impact: Enhanced insights for insurers, accuracy, and value for regulators.

5. Vodafone Business (Hybrid Cloud)

- Case Study: Vodafone partnered with IBM to ensure data and application flow across their
organizations.
 - Impact: Simplified technology choices, secure data flow, and industry expertise.

Remember, cloud computing is dynamic, and continuous learning is essential. Explore more case studies

to understand how organizations leverage cloud services for their success! ☁️🚀

Different Cloud Service Models

Let’s explore the fundamental concepts of cloud service models including IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. These
models represent different layers of cloud services, each with its own characteristics and use cases.
Here’s a breakdown:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

o IaaS provides on-demand infrastructure resources via the cloud. These resources
include compute, storage, networking, and virtualization.
o Organizations using IaaS don’t need to manage their own data center infrastructure.
However, they are responsible for the operating system, middleware, virtual machines,
and any applications or data.
o It’s like renting the underlying hardware and infrastructure without worrying about
physical maintenance.
o IaaS involves using APIs to manage the lowest levels of network infrastructure, including
networking, storage, servers, and virtualization.
o Examples:
o Rackspace: Offers scalable virtual servers and storage resources.
o Digital Ocean: Provides cloud infrastructure for developers.
o Google Compute Engine: Allows users to create and manage virtual machines.
o Some deployments of Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services (AWS) also fall under
IaaS.
o Common Use Cases:
o IaaS is highly flexible, making it suitable for startups and organizations seeking agile
scaling.
o Businesses that desire greater control over their resources often opt for IaaS.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

o PaaS delivers and manages all the hardware and software resources needed for
application development through the cloud.
o Developers can focus on writing code and building applications without dealing with
infrastructure management.
o PaaS provides tools, frameworks, and services for application development,
deployment, and scaling.
o Example: Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure App Service1.
 o PaaS abstracts cloud services even further, enabling users to build or deploy applications
using tools (programming languages, libraries, services) without managing the
underlying infrastructure.
o Examples:
o Salesforce: Offers a platform for building and deploying business applications.
o AWS Elastic Beanstalk: Simplifies application deployment on AWS.
o Heroku: A cloud platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications.
o Google App Engine (GAE): Allows developers to focus on code without worrying about
infrastructure.
o Common Use Cases:
o PaaS is highly available and scalable, ideal for creating new services and solutions
without extensive software maintenance.
o IT departments often prefer PaaS in hybrid cloud environments.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

o SaaS delivers ready-to-use software applications over the internet.

o Users access these applications via a web browser without worrying about installation,
maintenance, or updates.
o SaaS applications are hosted and managed by third-party providers.
o Example: Google Workspace (formerly G Suite), Microsoft 365, and Salesforce1.
o SaaS enables users to access cloud provider applications running on the provider’s
infrastructure via thin clients or program interfaces.
o Examples:
o Google Workspace (formerly G Suite): Offers collaboration tools like Gmail, Google
Drive, and Docs.
o Microsoft 365: Provides productivity applications like Word, Excel, and Teams.
o Salesforce: A cloud-based CRM platform.
o Common Use Cases:
o SaaS eliminates the need for local installations and maintenance, making it convenient
for end-users.
o Organizations benefit from ready-to-use applications without worrying about
infrastructure management.

Case Studies

Now, let’s explore some relevant case studies:

1. Salesforce (SaaS):
o Case Study: A global sales team uses Salesforce to manage leads, track customer
interactions, and forecast sales.
o Impact: Improved sales efficiency, streamlined communication, and better customer
insights.
2. Heroku (PaaS):
o Case Study: A startup develops a web application using Heroku’s PaaS platform.
o Impact: Rapid development, automatic scaling, and reduced infrastructure management
overhead.
 3. AWS Elastic Beanstalk (PaaS):
o Case Study: An e-commerce company deploys its web application on AWS Elastic
Beanstalk.
o Impact: Easy deployment, automatic scaling, and seamless integration with other AWS
services.

Remember, these cloud service models cater to different needs, so choose wisely based on your

organization’s requirements! ☁️🚀

References:

https://cloud.google.com/learn/paas-vs-iaas-vs-saas#section-1

Infrastructure as a Code (IaC)

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a powerful concept in the world of IT and cloud computing. Let’s break it
down:

1. Definition:
o IaC involves managing and provisioning computer data center resources through
machine-readable definition files, rather than manual configuration or interactive tools.
o Think of it as describing your infrastructure using code, just like software code describes
an application and how it works.
2. Why IaC Matters:
o Automation: IaC automates infrastructure management, allowing developers to focus
on building applications instead of managing environments.
o Efficiency: It streamlines setup, updates, and maintenance, reducing manual effort and
errors.
o Scalability: Easily duplicate environments or set up new ones without repetitive steps.
3. Benefits of IaC:
o Easily Duplicate Environments:
 Use the same IaC to deploy identical environments in different locations.
 Imagine setting up a regional branch with the exact same environment as an
existing one.
o Reduce Configuration Errors:
 Manual configuration is prone to human errors.
 IaC ensures consistency and reduces drift between setups.
o Streamline Error Checking:
 IaC simplifies error detection by treating infrastructure as code.
 No more manual checklists and complex setups.
Remember, IaC empowers you to define your infrastructure’s desired state and automate its
management. Whether you’re deploying servers, configuring networks, or managing databases, IaC

makes it efficient and reliable! 🚀🐧

Learn more:

 AWS IaC Explanation1

 Wikipedia: Infrastructure as Code2
 Microsoft: IaC in Cloud Adoption Framework3

Let's explore examples and a case study related to **Infrastructure as Code (IaC).

Examples and Case Study

 Terraform:
o Terraform is a popular IaC tool that allows you to define and provision infrastructure
resources across various cloud providers.
o Example: Suppose you want to create an AWS EC2 instance. You write Terraform code
that specifies the instance type, security groups, and other settings. When you apply this
code, Terraform provisions the EC2 instance.
 Azure Bicep:
o Azure Bicep is a domain-specific language for deploying Azure resources.
o Example: You can define an Azure Virtual Network, subnets, and associated resources
using Bicep code. When deployed, it creates the specified network infrastructure.
 AWS CloudFormation:
o AWS CloudFormation allows you to define infrastructure resources using JSON or YAML
templates.
o Example: You create a CloudFormation template that describes an S3 bucket, an EC2
instance, and an RDS database. When you launch the stack, AWS provisions these
resources.
 Case Study: Inspire Brands:
o Scenario:
 Inspire Brands, a global restaurant company, wanted to adopt IaC to improve
consistency and adaptability.
 They needed to maintain consistent coding practices and build new skill sets
within their Infrastructure and Operations (I&O) team.
o Solution:
 Inspire Brands leveraged IaC to:
 Make infrastructure consistent and repeatable.
 Enable rapid provisioning of new environments.
 Track changes and maintain a desired state.
 Avoid manual configuration errors.
o Results:
 By jump-starting their IaC journey, Inspire Brands achieved:
 Improved infrastructure management.
 Greater agility in responding to business needs.
  Skill development within the I&O team.

Remember, IaC is a powerful approach that enhances infrastructure management, consistency, and

scalability. Organizations across various industries are adopting IaC to streamline their operations! 🚀🏢

References:

Case Study: Jump-Start Your Infrastructure-as-Code Journey - Gartner.

https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/4009524

Infrastructure as Code : Best Practices, Benefits & Examples - Spacelift.

https://spacelift.io/blog/infrastructure-as-code

https://www.turing.com/blog/infrastructure-as-code-iac-guide

https://radixweb.com/blog/what-is-infrastructure-as-code-and-its-best-practices

https://www.baeldung.com/cs/iac

How do I learn Infrastructure as Code?

As a technical software developer, learning Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a valuable skill that allows you
to manage infrastructure resources using code. Here’s how you can get started:

 Understand the Basics:

o What is IaC?: IaC treats infrastructure like code. It means defining and managing
infrastructure resources (such as servers, networks, and databases) using code.
 Benefits of IaC:
o Version Control: Store the history of your infrastructure and revert to previous versions
if needed.
o Faster & Safer Deployments: Define every part of your infrastructure in code, making
deployments consistent and error-free.
o Documentation: Automatically keep your infrastructure documentation up to date.
 Choose a Tool or Framework:
o Explore popular IaC tools like:
o Terraform: Open-source tool for creating infrastructure across multiple cloud providers
(AWS, GCP, Azure, etc.)1.
o AWS CloudFormation: Amazon’s service for defining and provisioning AWS
infrastructure.
o Azure Resource Manager (ARM) Templates: Microsoft’s solution for managing Azure
resources.
o Google Cloud Deployment Manager: Google’s IaC tool for GCP resources.
 Learn the Syntax:
o IaC uses declarative definition files (usually in formats like JSON, YAML, or HCL). These
files describe the components and configuration your infrastructure requires.
 o Understand the difference between declarative and imperative code. Declarative
focuses on what you want (desired state), while imperative focuses on how to achieve
it.
 Practice with Simple Examples:
o Start with small projects. Create a simple infrastructure (e.g., a virtual machine, a
network, or a database) using your chosen IaC tool.
o Experiment with different resource types and configurations.
 Version Control and Collaboration:
o Use Git or other version control systems to manage your IaC code. Collaborate with
team members effectively.
o Follow best practices for branching, merging, and reviewing code changes.
 Test Your Infrastructure Code:
o Validate and test your IaC code to prevent common deployment issues.
o Use testing frameworks to catch potential problems before deploying to production.
 Explore Cloud Provider Documentation:
o Dive into the documentation of your chosen cloud provider. Learn about available
resources, services, and their IaC support.
 Build Real-World Projects:
o Create more complex infrastructure setups. Think about multi-tier applications, load
balancers, security groups, and scaling.
o Deploy your projects to different environments (development, staging, production).
 Learn from Examples and Tutorials:
o Follow online tutorials, blogs, and courses. Many platforms offer hands-on labs for IaC.
o Learn from real-world use cases and best practices.
 Stay Curious and Keep Practicing:
o IaC evolves rapidly. Stay updated with new features, tools, and best practices.
o Join communities, attend conferences, and engage with other IaC enthusiasts.

Remember, practice is key! Start small, build incrementally, and gradually tackle more complex

infrastructure scenarios. Happy coding! 🚀🌐

References

What is Infrastructure as Code? Explained for Beginners (freecodecamp.org)

What is infrastructure as code (IaC)? - Azure DevOps | Microsoft Learn

Quiz:
Question 1: What is cloud computing?
A) A method to store data on physical servers.
B) A technology model where a provider hosts IT resources and delivers them via a network
connection.
C) A type of virtual reality gaming.
D) A way to organize files on local machines.
Answer: B) A technology model where a provider hosts IT resources and delivers them via a network
connection

Question 2: Which of the following are the features of cloud computing?

a) Security
b) Availability
c) Large Network Access
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: D. One of the important features is security, the data stored is secured and cannot be
accessed by unauthorized parties. In case the user exhausts the storage space allocated, the user can
buy extra storage for a less amount. The data stored can be accessed by any authorized user
anywhere anytime provided the user must have an internet connection and a device.

Question 3: Which of the following is a type of cloud computing service?

a) Service-as-a-Software (SaaS)
b) Software-and-a-Server (SaaS)
c) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
d) Software-as-a-Server (SaaS)
Answer: c
Explanation: Software as a Service, is the most widely used choice for enterprises. SaaS makes use of
the internet to offer apps to consumers that are controlled by a third-party vendor.

Question 4: Which of the following is the application of cloud computing?

a) Adobe
b) Paypal
c) Google G Suite
d) All of the above
Answer: d
Explanation: Adobe Creative Cloud is used in the art sector. Paypal is an online payment application.
Google G Suite is the best storage and backup application used by google.

Question 5: Applications and services that run on a distributed network using virtualized resources is
known as ___________
a) Parallel computing
b) Soft computing
c) Distributed computing
d) Cloud computing

Answer: d
Explanation: Cloud computing refers to the delivery of services such as storage, servers, databases,
networking, and other functions through the internet without the need for the user to manage them
directly. These applications are accessed by common Internet protocols and networking standards.

Question 6: Which of the following is an example of a PaaS cloud service?

a) Heroku
b) AWS Elastic Beanstalk
c) Windows Azure
d) All of the above

Answer: d
Explanation: PaaS stands for Platform-as-a-Service. In PaaS, the users receive hardware or software
tools from the users on the internet. AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku are example of a
PaaS service.

Question 7: Which of the following is an example of an IaaS Cloud service?

a) DigitalOcean
b) Linode
c) Rackspace
d) All of the above

Answer: d
Explanation: IaaS stands for Infrastructure-as-a-Service. In IaaS, the users receive computing
resources like software or hardware tools virtually over the internet. DigitalOcean, Linode, Rackspace
are the example of an IaaS service.

Question 8: Cloud computing is a concept that involves pooling physical resources and offering them
as which sort of resource?
a) cloud
b) real
c) virtual
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Cloud computing means providing services like storage, servers, database, networking,
etc. over the internet. It is a new model for provisioning resources, for staging applications, and for
platform-independent user access to services.

Question 9: Which of the following is the Cloud Platform provided by Amazon?

a) AWS
b) Cloudera
c) Azure
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: a
Explanation: Amazon Web Services (AWS), an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offering that allows
users to rent virtual machines on Amazon’s own infrastructure, is one of the most successful cloud-
based enterprises.

Question 10: Which of the following is the Cloud Platform provided by Amazon?
a) AWS
b) Cloudera
c) Azure
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: a
Explanation: Amazon Web Services (AWS), an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offering that allows
users to rent virtual machines on Amazon’s own infrastructure, is one of the most successful cloud-
based enterprises.

Question 11: What is Terraform?

A) Code Software
B) Text Editor
C) Programming Language
D) Photo Editor

Answer: C) Programming Language

Question 12: Which cloud infrastructure providers does Terraform support?

A) Amazon Web Services (AWS)
B) IBM Cloud
C) Microsoft Azure
D) All of the Above
Answer: D
Explanation: All of the above

Question 13: AWS CloudFormation allows you to define infrastructure resources using JSON or YAML
templates.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Explanation: AWS CloudFormation is a service that helps you model and set up
your AWS resources so that you can spend less time managing those
resources and more time focusing on your applications that run in AWS.
You create a template that describes all the AWS resources that you want
(like Amazon EC2 instances or Amazon RDS DB instances), and
CloudFormation takes care of provisioning and configuring those resources
for you.
Reference (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/Welcome.html)

Question 14: PaaS delivers and manages all the hardware and software resources needed for
application development through the cloud.
A) SaaS
B) IaaS
C) PaaS
D) IaC (Infrastructure as a code)
Answer: C
Explanation: All of the above