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Notes On Development

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32 views

Notes On Development

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kushkuril24
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Economics- Chapter-1

Development
Teaching Points:

1. Meaning of Development and Aspects of development:

 Growth or progress of economy along with the improvement in the quality of


life of the people like health, education etc.
 Aspects of development:

 Different people can have different developmental goals


 What may be development for one may not be development for the other
person. It may even be destructive for the other.
 People look at a mix of goals.

2. Few non-measurable developmental goals apart from income:

Income can be measured but there are things which cannot be measured but are
important in life. For example a person gets a job offer in a far off place. The salary
is very good but before accepting that offer he will consider the following points :

1. Facilities for the family.


2. Equal treatment, freedom and security
3. Working atmosphere-night duty or morning duty hours.
4. Regular or temporary employment.
5. Accommodation for living.

3. Comparing different Countries or States- As per Income/Money

 Income:To compare countries, their income is considered to be one of the


most important attributes. Countries with higher income are more developed
than others with less income. So, we compare the average income of
countries.
 Use of averages to compare development:

(i) Averages are used for better understanding.

(ii) For comparison between countries, total income is not very useful.

(iii) Different countries have different populations, so total income will not tell
us what an average person is likely to earn.

Average income is the total income of the country divided by its total population. It is
also called per capita income.
Average Income = Total Income of Country / Total Population of Country

4. In World Development Reports, as per World Bank different countries can be


classified as rich and poor countries:
 Countries with per capita income of US$ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017,
are called rich countries.

 Countries with per capita income of US$ 955 or less are called low-income
countries.
 Countries per capita income between these number are called Low-middle
income countries.(Eg: US$1820-India)

5.Human development Index: Human Development Index is a tool developed by the


United Nations to measure and rank countries based on the level of social and
economic development.
Major indicators of the HDI :

 Infant Mortality Rate. The number of children that die before the age of one
year as a proportion of 1,000 live births in that particular year.
 Literacy Rate. It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and
above age group.
 Net Attendance Ratio. It is the total number of children of age group 14-15
attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age
group.
 Body Mass Index. (BMI) one way to find out if adults are undernourished is to
calculate Body Mass Index.

 Calculation of BMI: Weight in KG

---------------------------------

(square of the height (in metres).

18.5 - undernourished.

More than 25-overweight.

6. Public Facilities
 → Facilities which are provided by the government considered as public
facility like schools, hospitals, community halls, transport, electricity etc.

7. Kerala ranks higher compared to Punjab even with a lower per capita income
because—

 mortality rate is lower


 literacy rate is higher and
 total number of children attending school is higher.
8. Sustainability of Development
 → Sustainable Development refers to development of human with at the
same time sustaining the ability of natural system.
 Importance’s of sustainability of development:
 → It is helpful to fulfils the needs of the human being without harming the
ability of the future generation.
 → For sustainable development, we have to use non-renewable resources like
carbon based originally designed fuel for the quantity how much we needed.
 → Some renewable resources like groundwater will take long time for
replenished. So, we should use that resource in finite quantity.

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