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Geometry Review

This document provides a review of basic geometry concepts including points, lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, polygons, solids, transformations, and coordinate geometry. Key concepts covered include the definitions of different types of angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, properties of triangles, circle components, regular and irregular polygons, prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, spheres, and coordinate geometry formulas.

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Jose Luis Piña
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14 views3 pages

Geometry Review

This document provides a review of basic geometry concepts including points, lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, polygons, solids, transformations, and coordinate geometry. Key concepts covered include the definitions of different types of angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, properties of triangles, circle components, regular and irregular polygons, prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, spheres, and coordinate geometry formulas.

Uploaded by

Jose Luis Piña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometry Review

1. Basic Definitions and Concepts

 Point: A location in space with no size or dimension.


 Line: A straight path extending infinitely in both directions with no thickness.
 Line Segment: A part of a line with two endpoints.
 Ray: A part of a line that starts at one point and extends infinitely in one direction.
 Plane: A flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions.
 Angle: Formed by two rays (or line segments) that share a common endpoint, known as
the vertex.

2. Types of Angles

 Acute Angle: Less than 90 degrees.


 Right Angle: Exactly 90 degrees.
 Obtuse Angle: More than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees.
 Straight Angle: Exactly 180 degrees.
 Complementary Angles: Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees.
 Supplementary Angles: Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees.

3. Triangles

 Classification by Sides:
o Equilateral Triangle: All three sides are equal.
o Isosceles Triangle: Two sides are equal.
o Scalene Triangle: All three sides are different lengths.
 Classification by Angles:
o Acute Triangle: All angles are less than 90 degrees.
o Right Triangle: One angle is exactly 90 degrees.
o Obtuse Triangle: One angle is more than 90 degrees.

4. Triangle Properties

 Pythagorean Theorem: In a right triangle, a2+b2=c2a^2 + b^2 = c^2a2+b2=c2 (where


ccc is the hypotenuse).
 Sum of Interior Angles: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always 180
degrees.
 Congruence: Triangles are congruent if all corresponding sides and angles are equal
(SAS, SSS, ASA, AAS, and HL for right triangles).

5. Quadrilaterals

 Parallelogram: Opposite sides are parallel and equal.


 Rectangle: Opposite sides are equal, and all angles are 90 degrees.
 Square: All sides are equal, and all angles are 90 degrees.
 Rhombus: All sides are equal, but angles are not necessarily 90 degrees.
 Trapezoid: Only one pair of opposite sides are parallel.

6. Circles

 Radius: A line segment from the center of the circle to any point on the circle.
 Diameter: A line segment passing through the center, connecting two points on the circle
(twice the radius).
 Circumference: The distance around the circle, C=2πrC = 2\pi rC=2πr.
 Area: The space inside the circle, A=πr2A = \pi r^2A=πr2.
 Chord: A line segment with both endpoints on the circle.
 Arc: A part of the circumference.
 Sector: A region bounded by two radii and the arc between them.

7. Polygons

 Regular Polygon: All sides and angles are equal.


 Irregular Polygon: Sides and angles are not equal.
 Sum of Interior Angles: (n−2)×180(n-2) \times 180(n−2)×180 degrees, where nnn is the
number of sides.
 Exterior Angles: The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is always 360 degrees.

8. Solid Geometry

 Prism: A solid with two parallel, congruent bases connected by rectangular faces.
 Cylinder: A solid with two parallel circular bases connected by a curved surface.
 Pyramid: A solid with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common
point (the apex).
 Cone: A solid with a circular base and a curved surface that tapers to a point (the apex).
 Sphere: A perfectly round solid where all points on the surface are equidistant from the
center.

9. Transformations

 Translation: Sliding a shape without rotating or flipping it.


 Rotation: Turning a shape around a fixed point.
 Reflection: Flipping a shape over a line to produce a mirror image.
 Dilation: Enlarging or reducing a shape proportionally.

10. Coordinate Geometry

 Distance Formula: The distance between two points (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1)(x1,y1) and
(x2,y2)(x_2, y_2)(x2,y2) is (x2−x1)2+(y2−y1)2\sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}(x2
−x1)2+(y2−y1)2.
 Midpoint Formula: The midpoint of a line segment with endpoints (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1)(x1
,y1) and (x2,y2)(x_2, y_2)(x2,y2) is (x1+x22,y1+y22)\left(\frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}, \
frac{y_1 + y_2}{2}\right)(2x1+x2,2y1+y2).
 Slope Formula: The slope of a line through points (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1)(x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
(x_2, y_2)(x2,y2) is y2−y1x2−x1\frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}x2−x1y2−y1.

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