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Intro To Networking

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arnold sopiimeh
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13 views22 pages

Intro To Networking

Uploaded by

arnold sopiimeh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT IS A NETWORK

Interconnection of Computers/Equipments

Purpose:

• To share resources
•Communication
•Speed in communication
•Reduced long term Cost

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Example of a Network
• Two or more PCs with additional resources

2
More Complex Network

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BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK

•Computers
•Network interface cards
•Network devices
•Networking media
•Network Peripheral devices
•NOS
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• STP=sh
• UTP unshielded
• SFTP Shielded Foil Twisted Pair
Standards
A documented set of procedures for doing things to
ensure interdependency between different manufacturers

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Types of Standards
A standard is a generally agreed-upon technology, method or format for a
given application.
• Official standards, also known as de jure standards, are overseen by one of
a number of governing bodies that exist to promote their development and
confirm their status. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), for
example, is a standards organization that defines Internet
operating protocols such as TCP/IP.
• Standards that are endorsed by the IETF and similar organizations are
known as de jure standards.
• De facto standards, on the other hand, gain prominence because they are
widely used. Examples of de facto standards
include Microsoft’s Windows operating system and the QWERTY
keyboard layout.
7
Standards are made to determine;

• How the physical network is built


• How computers connect to the network
• How the data is formatted for transmission
• How data is sent
• How to deal with errors

8
Common Network Terminology
• Peer to Peer(no hierarchy)
• Client Server
• Hub and Switch
• NIC (ISA/PCI)
• LAN and WAN
• NOS
• Protocol

9
More Network Terminologies
• Unicast
• Multicast
• Broadcast
• Bandwidth
• Attenuation
• Baseband
• Broadband

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Some More Terminologies
• Node
• Host
• Segment
• Noise
• Simplex
• Half Duplex
• Full Duplex

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Hosting

• ISPs

• Mail Servers

• Web Servers

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Network Devices

•Hub/Switch
•Bridge
•Router
•Gateway
•Repeater
•Modem
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LAN TOPOLOGIES
• Star

• Bus

• Ring

• Star-Bus/Tree

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STAR TOPOLOGY

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BUS TOPOLOGY

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•Internet
•Intranet
•Extranet

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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET, INTRANET, AND
EXTRANET
• Intranet: collection of private computer networks within an
organization
• An "extranet" is a computer network that allows controlled
access from the outside for specific business or educational
purposes
• Internet: A global network connecting millions of computers
OSI Reference Model
• The International Organization for standardization (ISO)’s
Open Systems Interconnectivity (OSI) Reference Model.

 It provided vendors with a set of standards that ensured


greater compatibility and interoperability between the
various types of network technologies that were produced
by the many companies around the world

 The OSI reference model is the primary model for


network communications.
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OSI Layers
• Application
• Presentation
• Session
• Transport
• Network
• Data Link
• Physical

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OSI Reference Model Summary
• The OSI reference model is the primary model for network
communications.

21
QUESTIONS TIME

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