Generating Cycle Times

with Haulage
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Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

Updated: April 12, 2023

©2009-2023 by Leica Geosystems AG. All rights reserved. No part of this document shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from Leica Geosystems AG. All
terms mentioned in this document that are known to be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies have been
appropriately identified. MinePlan® is a registered trademark of Leica Geosystems AG. This material is subject to the terms in the Hexagon
Mining Terms and Conditions (available at http://www.hexagonmining.com/).
Generating
Cycle Times
with
Haulage
MinePlan: Exploration to Production
MinePlan software is a comprehensive mine planning platform offering integrated solutions for
exploration, modeling, design, scheduling and production. It uses raw data — from drillholes,
blastholes, underground samples and other sources — to derive 2D and 3D models essential to
mine design and planning. Below the ground or at the surface, from precious metals to base
metals, for coal, oil sands and industrial minerals, MinePlan software tackles geomodeling mining
applications to improve productivity at every stage of a mine’s life.

GEOMETRIES
Use digitized data to define geologic information in section or plan; define topography contours;
and define structural information, such as mine designs, important in the evaluation of an ore
body. Virtually every phase of a project, from drillholes to production scheduling, either uses or
derives geometric data. MinePlan software lets you create, manipulate, triangulate and view any
geometric data as 2D or 3D elements.
DRILLHOLES
Manage drillhole, blasthole and other
sample data in a Microsoft SQL Server
database. The data can be validated,
manipulated and reported; and it is
fully integrated with other MinePlan
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display. Some of the types of data
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mation (location, length and more),
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coal.

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Calculate composites by several methods, including bench, fixed length, honoring geology and
economic factors. These composites are fully integrated with other MinePlan products for statistics
and geostatistics, interpolation and display.
©2023 Hexagon

3D BLOCK MODEL (3DBM) STRATIGRAPHIC MODEL

Used to model base metal deposits such as por- Used to model layered deposits, such as coal and
phyry copper, non-layered deposits, and most oil sands. Although they are normally oriented hor-
complex coal and oil sands projects. izontally, they can be oriented vertically for steeply
dipping ore bodies.

Vertical dimensions are typically a function of the Vertical dimensions are a function of the seam
mining bench height. (or other layered structures) and interburden thick-
nesses.

Contains grade items, geological codes and a to- Contains elevations and thickness of seams (or
pography percent among other qualities and mea- other layered structures), as well as grade items, ge-
surements. ological codes, a topography percent, and other
qualities and measurements.

MODELING
Build and manage 3D block, stratigraphic and surface models to define your deposit. Populate
your models through: geometries (polygons, solids or surfaces) coded into the model; calculations
on model items; text files loaded into the model; and interpolation through techniques such as in-
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project, you can update your model, summarize resources and reserves, calculate and report
statistics, display in plots or view in 2D and 3D.

ECONOMIC PIT LIMITS & PIT OPTIMIZATION

Generate pit shells to reflect economic designs. Using floating cone or Lerchs-Grossmann tech-
niques, work on whole blocks from the 3D block model to find economic pit limits for economic
assumptions such as costs, net value, cutoff grades and pit wall slope. Economic material is usually
one grade or an equivalent grade item. You can view the results in 2D or 3D, use the results to
guide your phase design, plot your design in plan or section, calculate reserves and run simple
production scheduling on your reserves.

vi
 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

PIT & UNDERGROUND DESIGN

Accurately design detailed open pit geometry, in- Support & Services
cluding ramps and pushbacks with variable wall
slopes, and display your pit designs in plan or section,
clipped against topography or in 3D. You can eval- Client service and satisfaction is our
uate reserves for pit designs based on a partial block first priority. Boasting a multilingual
basis and calculate production schedules from the re- group of geologists and engineers
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Generate schedules for long term planning based on
Providing global technical support
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during the day and with extended
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Generate schedules for short term planning based on technical support via phone and
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That’s why we’re committed to
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vii
Contents
Geo Copper Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
MinePlan Haulage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Haul Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Initial Haulage Plan Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Global Settings in Haulage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Importing Network / Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Cycle Times and Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Haulage Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Analysis of Haulage Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Conclusion & Future Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

Geo Copper Data Set

The Geo Copper Data Set comes from a multi-metallic porphyry deposit with copper as the main
ore of interest. Molybdenum and zinc data have also been collected. The mineralization type of
the deposit (oxide, primary sulfides and secondary sulfides) most strongly controls the distribution
of grade. Sulfide mineralization consists mainly of pyrite and chalcopyrite. The deposit occurs in
felsic to intermediate intrusive igneous rocks and associated breccias. Alteration zones outward
from the center — from a phyllic zone to a propylitic halo.

ALTERATION ZONES
Phyllic 1
Potassic 2
Propylitic 3

LITHOLOGY CODES
Diorite 1
Granodiorite 2
Quartz Feldspar 3
Intermediate Breccia 4
Late Breccia 5
Country Rock 6

MINERALOGY CODES
PROJECT BOUNDARY COORDINATES (in metric units)
Oxides 1
Min Max Cell Size Block
Primary Sulfides 2
Count
Secondary Sulfides 3
Easting: 3500 8500 (DX=25) 200
Outside(default code) 4
Northing: 4500 9500 (DY=25) 200
Elevation: 705 1965 (DZ=15) 84

Geologists have collected and logged information from 287 drillholes at the site over the course of
two drilling campaigns (one on the northwest side of the deposit and the other on the southeast).
Drillhole types include diamond, reverse circulation, hammer, and mixed hammer and diamond.
Samples were collected at various lengths — from 1-meter to 15-meter intervals. Element sample
analysis included total copper, acid soluble copper, molybdenum and zinc.

Geo Copper Data Set | 1

©2023 Hexagon

NOTES:

2 | Geo Copper Data Set

 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

MinePlan Haulage
MinePlan Haulage is a standalone program. As
originally envisioned, it could function as both cy- LEARNING OBJECTIVE
cle time calculator and material routing tool. This
later capability has been replaced in the work- Understand how to configure MinePlan
flow process by our other scheduling tools, includ- Haulage for use in MinePlan Schedule
ing MPSO. Now, Haulage is used only as a cycle Optimizer (MPSO).
time calculator. It is currently only used to setup
the network geometry and define trucks. Further
configuration is unnecessary as the detailed setup is now done within MPSO. MPSO will import this
setup directly, essentially own it’s own copy of it, while just leveraging the calculation engine to
calculate cycle times on the fly.

Key Features covered in Haulage:

• Setup of haul network geometry through importing roads (polylines) and nodes (points).
• Defining of equipment including availability, efficiency, speeds, fuel burn rates, rimpull curves
and capacity.
• Running validation options to ensure correct network setup
• Calculating and reporting cycle times for validation purposes
• Generate route profiles for drive diagrams and external processing.
• Create cycle time file for use with schedule (SCD) file type data source

Before using Haulage, you should have already developed mining phases and a pit design. You
should also have planned lift strategies and determined the location of stockpiles, dumps and any
other hauling destinations. In addition, you must set up a haul network in MinePlan 3D (MP3D). If
you are planning on creating a SQL based haulage plan you must create a MinePlan Planning
Database (MSPD) to house the haulage plan and imported geometry. The MSPD is created using
the MinePlan Database Manager (MSDBM). The other option for storing your haulage plan is file
based which is created directly when starting Haulage.

MinePlan Haulage | 3
©2023 Hexagon

NOTES

4 | MinePlan Haulage
 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

Haul Networks
Creating a haul network of material sources, routes
and destinations can take considerable time, es- LEARNING OBJECTIVE
pecially for large and complicated mine sites; but
setting up the network correctly will save “trouble- Map material sources, routes and desti-
shooting” time later on. You will design a haul net- nations in a haul network.
work in MinePlan 3D (MP3D) using basic CAD func-
tions. Every road in the network must start with a
node and end with a node. In addition, you must assign every road a destination type:

• Tie-Node: Nodes in which multiple roads in the network join.

• Destination: The node at the end of a road, such as a dump or a mill.
• Source: The node at the start of a road, such as a mining face.
• Stockpile: Both a starting point and an ending of a road. Stockpiles receive material from a
source (i.e., a mining face); and at the same time send material to another destination, (i.e.,
a crusher).

A haulage network

Nodes in haulage need to be defined as sources, destinations, stockpiles or tie nodes. By default,
all nodes will be imported as tie nodes. You will need to set the correct node type manually. To
avoid this extra step, you can add a suffix to the element name as follows: “_SRC” = Source; “_DST”
= Destination; “_STK” = Stockpile; all others = Tie Nodes. The following exercises highlight methods
that will help you create a correct haul network.

Haul Networks | 5
©2023 Hexagon

EXERCISE: Create Nodes and Roads

Use the 2018 contours to position nodes for destinations, sources and junctions (use Polyline Snap). Attribute
each of the nodes with a unique element name using Prompt for Attribute on Create. Digitize polyline seg-
ments to define the roads using Point Snap to connect each node. All road segments should be defined
by a start and an end node. As you digitize the roads, refer to the status bar for the dip angle and make
modifications as needed. Split polylines at nodes by using Split at Node.

Nodes MP3D Desktop Menu → Element → Prompt for Attribute on Create → Point →
Create → Point → give the point an attribute name → position point by snap-
ping to a contour line or a surface → right-click to end → Save

Roads MP3D Desktop Menu → Element → Prompt for Attribute on Create → File →
Project Settings → Status Bar tab → Configure Angles section → select dip
information to report → Polyline → Create → Polyline → give the polyline an
attribute name → snap line to contours or the surface faces → right-click to
end → Save

Redefine Road Direction

With the newer versions of MPSO the road

direction does not matter. It is still best prac-
tice to digitize roads going from sources to-
wards destinations.

EXERCISE: Redefine Road Directions

Select all the road segments and display their current directions. For roads segments going in the wrong di-
rection, use the Redefine Directions Tool make road segments go from sources towards destinations.

Check Directions Place polylines in Selection Mode → MP3D Desktop Menu → Polyline → Rede-
fine → Direction → check Show Current Polyline/Polygon directions box →
select an arrow

Change Directions Redefine Directions panel → Reselect → click the polyline segment(s) to modify
and right-click to confirm → Polylines (or Polygons) → select new direction →
Preview → Apply

6 | Haul Networks
 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

Initial Haulage Plan Setup

Once you’ve digitized and saved your haul net-
work, you can start a haulage plan in MinePlan LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Haulage. A haulage plan stores material sources,
destinations and route geometries to the Mine- Create and configure a haulage plan
Plan Planning Database (MSPD) or to the haulage with periods and phases.
file. The data, which includes periods, phases and
route restrictions, is used to compute cycle times
and route profiles.

EXERCISE: Create a New Haulage Plan

Create a new file based haulage plan and call it "msh-quarterly."

New Haulage Plan MP3D Desktop Menu → OP Eng → Haulage → File Based → New → name plan
"msh-quarterly"

Periods and Phases

Haulage requires information on the number of periods and phases in a plan to calculate equip-
ment requirements. You can add the phase and period values manually or import them from a
CSV file.
If there are no road restrictions in the plan, one period will be sufficient. Adding more will only
delay calculation time and yield the same result. Haulage computes the cycle times from each
source to each destination for each period and equipment set combination.

EXERCISE: Input Phases and Periods

Add one period and three phases to your haulage plan. You are not going to have any road restrictions or
varying road availability, so one period is sufficient.

Add Period Periods section → click “+” → enter a period name

Add Phase Phases section → click on the “+” → enter a phase name

NOTES:

Initial Haulage Plan Setup | 7

©2023 Hexagon

Global Settings in Haulage

The Global Settings panel in MinePlan Haulage
controls project settings as well as the defaults for LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Maximum speeds and rolling resistance.
Control the logic and setting that
You can control the logic and settings that
Haulage uses to generate a plan.
Haulage uses to generate a plan, including
changing how rolling resistance is measured, the
network solving logic used, Rimpull method cycle-time simulation, and the ability to use in-pit vari-
able gradient option.

DEFAULT VALUES
Roads imported into Haulage are assigned the max speed and rolling resistance.
Also of note, the default "fastest time" logic that Haulage uses to route materials in a haul network
does not guarantee use of the same outbound and inbound route. For example, the program
might route a loaded hauler down a hill for the outbound trip but select a less steep route for the
return trip. Keep this in mind later when you are validating cycle times.

EXERCISE: Modify Global Settings

Set the following options: Rolling Resistance as % Grade

Project Settings Haulage → Global Settings → Project Settings → turn on/off options

EXERCISE: Set a Maximum Speed and Rolling Resistance

Set a maximum speed of 35KMH, and a 2.5% grade

In-pit Changes Haulage → Global Settings → Configure the settings

NOTES:

8 | Global Settings in Haulage

 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

Importing Network / Equipment

Haulage needs to refer to a haul network to cal-
culate cycle times, haulage profiles and other LEARNING OBJECTIVE
data. The haul network should reflect the mine
site as closely as possible. Once you’ve imported Import a haul network and set up equip-
the network into Haulage, you can configure your ment.
haulage plan with additional information detailing
road conditions and destinations. Again, the closer
the depiction of the plan is to the actual site, the more accurate the results.

EXERCISE: Import and Edit Haulage Nodes

Import the nodes from the haulage network into the pitn-msh plan.

Import Nodes Haul Network → Locations → Select Nodes icon → click and drag a window
around all the nodes to import → right-click to confirm your selection

Edit Node Haul Network → Locations → modify the information in the matrix → Save

Delete Node Haul Network → Locations → click “X” to delete one node or “XX” to delete all
nodes

EXERCISE: Import and Edit Roads

Import all the road segments into the pitn-msh plan. Set a global maximum speed of 35KMH and a rolling
resistance of 2.5%.

Import Nodes Haul Network → Locations → Select Nodes icon → click and drag a window
around all the nodes to import → right-click to confirm your selection

Import Roads Haul Network → Routes → Select Route → click and drag a window around all
the road polylines to import → right-click to confirm

Delete Road Haul Network → Locations → click “X” to delete one road or “XX” to delete all
roads

Route Details Haul Network → Locations → select and right-click road → define max speed,
rolling resistance and availability per segment

You can add detail to the imported nodes or routes with the Haulage - Network Editor (pencil icon). This
panel provides an easy way to: verify node types; verify haulage route start points and endpoints; add
node types along a specified route. Use the Network Editor to add nodes to a selected route segment
at a specified distance.

Importing Network / Equipment | 9

©2023 Hexagon

Equipment
Haulage requires at least one truck and one shovel (an equipment set) to calculate cycle times.
A cycle time is the travel time from a source to a destination and back to the source, plus any
delay time encountered along the way. Delay times include load, dump, spot and wait times. To
add precision to the calculations, Haulage also considers road conditions, road restrictions, speed
limits and equipment performance parameters.
You can copy equipment specs and operating parameters manually from a Heavy Equipment
Manual; or you can select equipment and associated specs from the Equipment Repository. The
repository contains predefined equipment and performance specifications for a variety of haulers,
including the most common CAT/KOMATSU haulers. You can configure and store additional equip-
ment configurations in the Equipment Repository for future use.

ACTIVATING THE EQUIPMENT REPOSITORY

The Equipment Repository is not available

by default, as most users do not have full
permissions to access their MSPDs. Once full
(or administrative) permissions are granted,
the equipment repository can be activated
and used.

To access the Equipment Repository:

MSPD → MSPD Manager → Connection →
Connect → Connect to SQL Server → se-
lect Authentication type → MinePlan Plan-
ning Database → Update → Update Equip-
ment → Select Database → Apply

EXERCISE: Add Trucks

Add a CAT-793D (standard) and 2 CAT-777D haulers from the Equipment Repository to the haulage plan. In
the Attributes for a Truck or Shovel panel, change the availability to 90% and the utilization to 90% for both.
Adjust Speed Bins for the second CAT-777D to see what that does to the cycle times

Truck Equipment → Add Truck icon → Hauler field → give truck a name → associated
hauler window (bottom) → enter truck and performance specs Equipment
Repository| Equipment → Equipment Repository → Add → OK → click on the
hauler label → Attributes for a Truck or Shovel panel → configure parameters

Adjust Speed Bins Click on Second CAT-777D truck → _SpeedCalcMethod section click on chart
next to the word binning → In Grade Bin vs Speed section click on Data
button → Adjust speeds so it matches screenshot on next page → Click Apply
→ Close out of Chart Data Editor → Click Save

10 | Importing Network / Equipment

 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

EXERCISE: Add a Shovel

Add a 4100XPC shovel to your haulage plan.

Shovel Equipment → click Add Shovel button → configure Loader attribute fields

EXERCISE: Add an Equipment Set

Create three equipment sets and configure the delay times for all as: Loadtime = 1.5mins, Dumptime = 1min,
Spottime = 0.5 min and Waittime = 0.5min.

Equipment Set Add Equipment Set → name the set → set the _Hauler and _Loader parameters

EXERCISE: Add a Shovel to the Equipment Repository

Add the 4100XPC shovel to the Equipment Repository.

Note: This is only available if you are using a SQL based Haulage plan. If you are using a file based haulage
you can’t save equipment back to the repository.

Add to Repository Equipment Repository → select the equipment → set a name and description
→ To Repository

Importing Network / Equipment | 11

©2023 Hexagon

Cycle Times and Profiles

MinePlan Haulage produces detailed cycle time
files containing data that other MinePlan programs LEARNING OBJECTIVE
use as input for calculations.
Generate cycle times for use in calcula-
MinePlan Schedule Optimizer (MPSO) uses cy-
tions.
cle times to calculate truck and shovel hours,
which are required for short term planning.
The MSSO/MSSP Compatible option in Haulage
To create the most accurate cycle times pos-
changes the setup state so that required fields
sible, you can add nodes on each bench by
appear in the line-by-line format MPSO requires,
using the Road Splitter option.
namely: Phase ID, bench toe elevation, destina-
tion ID, lift elevation, cycle time (minutes) and fuel
consumption rate.
You can also export 3D route profiles for analysis.

EXERCISE:Create Custom Cycle Times and Profiles

Click on the MSSO/MSSP Compatible button to automatically setup a standard cycle time format that can
be used with MPSO. Append additional fields to the report using the Columns to Report section. Once you
have con- figured a setup, you can save and reuse it.

Cycle Times Haulage → Cycle Times and Profiles → Cycle Times and Profile Generation Tool
→ Custom Cycle Time dialog → format Phases → Periods → Equipment →
format parameters → Columns to Report → Save the Setup → Create

Route Profiles Haulage → Cycle Times and Profiles → Cycle Times and Profile Generation Tool
→ Custom Cycle Time dialog → Profiles → select a folder for storage

Storing Data Back to File Based Haulage

The Export section lets you export your Haulage plan to a SQLite database. MinePlan Schedule
Optimizer (MPSO) and Atlas access the database when generating a schedule.

EXERCISE: Cycle Time Database

Export your Haulage plan to a SQLite file.

Cycle Time Database Haulage → Export → File → Enter name and Save

12 | Cycle Times and Profiles

 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

NOTES

Cycle Times and Profiles | 13

©2023 Hexagon

Haulage Validation
Whenever Haulage is unable to calculate a cy-
cle time between a source and destination for a LEARNING OBJECTIVE
given phase or period, it will populate an ASCII file,
_CycDBErrlog.txt, with warning messages informing Identify problems that cause materials to
you of the affected source/destination combina- be un-routable.
tion and phase/period.
• The haul network you are using could contain gaps between roads and nodes.
• The roads may not be split at every possible connection point.
• Nodes or roads may have not been attributed properly resulting default names.
Whatever the case, you will need to troubleshoot to determine the cause. MinePlan Haulage
provides a validation tool for network highlighting and connection checks. You can access the
tool from the main menu.

CONNECTION VALIDATION
This option checks the connections between route segments and nodes, and produces a report
containing a log of all the errors/warnings. Click on any error or warning to see a corresponding
highlight in the Viewer.

EXERCISE: Check Haul Network Connections

Check Connections Haulage → Validation → click Validate button → click on any error or warning
messages

NOTES:

14 | Haulage Validation
 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

Analysis of Haulage Results

Advanced Reporting & Charting (ARC) technol-
ogy makes evaluating and displaying MinePlan LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Haulage results simple. The Analysis button in
Haulage shows Cycle Times. The results appear in Analyze and publish your results with ARC.
a pivot table and chart combination (PivotChart),
which is fully customizable. In the pivot table item
fields may be added, removed, sorted, filtered or reordered; custom fields and grade summary
calculations may also be added. The real power of the analysis report is as an auditing tool. It is
quite easy to see if a source has a missing cycle time for a particular destination in a given phase
or period.
The accompanying chart automatically updates whenever pivot table fields are highlighted. The
overall changes made to the pivot table and chart can be saved to a template for future use.
Once all the information is displayed exactly as needed, it can be exported using several formats.
We are not using material routing, therefore this analysis will not have any reported results. The
Cycle Times section determines cycle times for all the source nodes to all the possible destinations
in all the possible phases and periods. If any issues are found during the calculation, the program
will populate an ASCII file, _CycDBErrLog.txt with the results.
Verify that cycle times from sources are correctly populated for each destination. We only have
one period and phase, so there should be at least one entry for each source node. Note the
stockpile reclaim cycle time as well.

Analysis of Haulage Results | 15

©2023 Hexagon

Create a Customized PivotChart

Using the Analysis Button, customize a pivot table and chart. Upon entering this panel for the first time, it will
immediately run cycle times. Be patient while it finishes.

Configure the Field List as follows: Column Area = Destination; Row Area = BenchToe, SourcelD, EQSet; Data
Area = Cycle Times, Fuel Burn. Notice how the cycle times differ between the normal CAT777-D and the one
that we adjusted the speed binning for. Highlight Cycle Times and Fuel Burn Rates for a particular source and
destination combination to activate the chart. Save the template and call it "Haulage." Export the table to
save it in Excel format.

Pivot Table Analysis → Right click and select Field List → add or remove item labels → click
on the Header labels to sort the data → click and drag the items in the pivot
table to reorganize → Filter icon → simplify the data

New Field Analysis → New Field → enter field name → click on the ellipsis (. . . ) → use the
necessary Functions, Operators, Fields or Constants to define the new field
→ OK → Add

Save Template Analysis → Cycle Times → Template → Save As. . . → browse to a storage folder
→ name the template → OK

Export Data Analysis → Cycle Times → Export → Format = Excel → browse to storage folder
→ Save as CycleTimes.xlsx

NOTES:

16 | Analysis of Haulage Results

 Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

Conclusion & Future Training

We hope you will be able to use the tools covered during this MinePlan software training course to
improve productivity at your mine. As you apply the concepts you have learned, please phone or
email us with questions. Our contact information is listed on the inside cover of this book and on
our website: hexagon.com/company/divisions/mining.
To review or update your support cases, reference our knowledge base, download software up-
dates, check for known issues and/or submit ideas, please log into the Hexagon Community:
community.hexagonmining.com
Note: If you do not yet have access to the Community, please request access by clicking on
”request login”.

Future Training
Whether it takes a few hours or a few days, training with Hexagon’s newest tools can pay instant
dividends. Designed to fit your schedule, our mix-and-match formats support your learning needs
no matter what your expertise with MinePlan software.
Spend some time using our software in day-to-day applications. When you are comfortable
working with MinePlan software, contact us at hexagon.com/company/contact-us/professional-
services to set up your next training.

Generating Cycle Times with Haulage

Updated: April 12, 2023

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Conclusion & Future Training | 17

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18 | Conclusion & Future Training