AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING

SYSTEM USING IOT

A MINIPROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

AARTHI.S421221121001
EZHILARASI.M421221121014
MALINI.V 421221121023
SWEETY SWANTHIKA.M 421221121043

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINERRING
IN

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

KARPAGA VINAYAGA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, CHENGALPATTU

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

NOV 2023

i
 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING
SYSTEM USING IOT”is the bonafide of“ AARTHI.S (421221121001),
EZHILARASI.M (421221121014), MALINI.V (421221121023)
andSWEETY SWANTHIKA.M(421221121043) ” who carried out the project
work under mysupervisionduring the academic year 2023.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.R.MUTHALAGU Mr.J.RAKESH
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENTSUPERVISOR
PROFESSOR ASSISTANTPROFESSOR
Department of Biomedical Department of Biomedical
Engineering Engineering
Karpaga Vinayaga College of Karpaga Vinayaga College
of
Engineering and Technology Engineering and Technology
Chengalpattu-603 308 Chengalpattu-603 308

Submitted to the University Lab practical viva-voce held on………….

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With profound gratitude and regards we wholeheartedly and sincerely
Acknowledge with thanks for the opportunity provided to us by our
respectful Director Dr. Meenakshi Annamalai, Karpaga Vinayaga college
of Engineering & Technology, for allowing us to do this project.

We thank our dedicated Principal Dr. P.Kasinathapandian for his

valuable suggestions and timely advice which helped us in completing this
project on schedule.

We are grateful to our Dean Dr. L. Subaraj for his effective advice and
Support for planning and processing of the project.

We are grateful to our Associate Dean Dr.K.Sivakumar for his effective

advice and Support for planning and processing of the project

We thank our respectful Head of the Department, Dr.R.Muthalagu, for

allotting us his able guidance and suggestions.

We thank our Project Coordinator Mr.J.Rakesh, for his enormous

support and technical guidance in fulfilling the work in meaningful way.

We sincerely express our honor and gratitude to our Project Guide

Mr.J.Rakesh, for his unstinting guidance, concern and valuable help. He
encouraged us from time to time and offered moral support during the course of
our work.

We thank our various faculty members and friends for their timely help
and guidance. We will be failing in our duty if we don’t thank our parents for
their benevolence and blessings which stood us in good stead during the course
of the project.

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ABSTRACT:
An ample amount of water quantity is vital for a plant to grow. People
are unable to water the plants when they go on vacations or regularly
fail to remember to water plants, which results into damaging the
plants. Giving water to plants is one of the most significant practice
and overall a labor demanding work. Automatic watering systems
lessen the responsibility of watering the plants when there is a
requirement. The two major part of watering method is to know when
and how much to water the plants. In this paper, a system is
implemented such that it will sense the soil moisture content of the
plant and turn the motor ON to water the plant when needed. This
system makes the plant more self-reliant by watering itself.

Keywords -Arduino,automatic,soilmoisturesensor,waterpump,plant.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF THE FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLE viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OVERVIEW 1
1.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 4
1.3 AIM 4
1.4 OBJECTIVES 5
1.5 SOCIAL RELEVANCE 5

2. EXISTENCE 6
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM 6
2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM 8
2.2.1 BLOCK DAIGRAM 8
2.2.2 FLOW CHART 9

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 11
3.1SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 11
3.1.1 Arduino IDE Software 11
3.1.1.1 Introduction about Arduino IDE 11
3.1.1.2 Programming into Arduino IDE 11
3.1.1.3 Uploading the code 12

v
 3.1.1.4 Libraries in the Arduino IDE 13

3.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 13

3.2.1 Arduino UNO 13
3.2.2 Power Supply 14
3.2 3 Soil Moisture Sensor 15
3.2.4 Water Pump 17
3.2.5 5v Relay Module 18
3.2.6 9v Battery 19
3.3 CIRCUIT DAIGRAM 20
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 22
5. CONCULSION AND FUTURE ENHANEMENT 24
5.1 CONCLUSION 24
5.2 FUTURE ENCHANCEMENT 25
REFERENCE 26
APPENDIX 27

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIG .NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

2.1 Block Diagram of Proposed System 8

2.2 Flow Chart For Automatic Plant Watering System 9

3.1 Arduino UNO Coding Table 12

3.2 Arduino UNO 13

3.3 PC Power Supply Circuit Diagram 15

3.4 Soil Moisture Sensor 16

3.5 Pin diagram for Soil Moisture Sensor 16

3.6 Water pump 17

3.7 5v Relay module 18

3.8 9v Rechargeable Battery 20

3.9 Circuit for automatic plant watering system 20

4.1 Result 23

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TABLE NAME PAGE NO

NO
1.1 Crops suitable for automatic Plant watering 4
System
3.1 Specification of Arduino UNO 14

3.2 Specification of the soil moisture sensor 16

3.3 Pin description for 5v relay module 19

viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IC – Integrated Circuit

IDE – Integrated Development Environment

IoT – Internet Of Things

USB – Universal Serial Bus

LED – Light Emitting Diode

PWM – Pulse width Modulation

I/D – Input OutputDevice

DC – DirectCurrent

AC – Alternating Current

SRAM– Static RandomAccessMemory

EEPROM– Electrical Erasable Programming Read Only Memory

FC 28– Frequency Capacitance.

SMS – Soil MoistureSensor

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OP AMP – Operational Amplifier

PCB – Printed CircuitBroad

NO– Normally open

NC– NormalClose

Ni-CD – Nickel Cadmium

Ni-MH– Nickel- Metal Hydrid

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW
In the current age one of the greatest crisis faced by
theEarthiswaterdearth.Totacklethisproblemasystemisneededthatutilizewaterusa
gejudiciouslyandwisely.There are number of plants that are very susceptible to
waterandtheyneedamountofwaterfortheirgoodgrowthhealthand over all
development. If thewatersupply to the plant
isnotsufficient,thentherearehighchancesthatitwillnotsurvive any longer and die
or result in insufficient growth. It ishardly feasible that one and all knows
about the appropriateinformationaboutthegrowthofplants,aspertheirwaterneeds

Watering of plants is one of major complications that

arebeingencounteredbyeveryotherpersonontheplanet,primarilybecauseoflackoft
imeandcontributingtothatisthe lack of water resources.Irrigation is basically
artificialapplication of water to soil and it is done to support the growthof the
crops or plants specifically in dry areas and habitatswhere natural precipitation
ismuch less. This iswhere theconcept of automatic watering system becomes
very helpfuland convenient.With thecorrect execution of thewateringsystem, it
can be very time conserving and can save a lot ofmoney

Instead of opting for replacing the dead grass andplants, we should aim at
conserving them and providing
themwiththebestresourcesasmuchaspossiblefortheirsurvivability.

In daily activities, identified with cultivating or plantingwatering is the most

essential social practice. Regardless
ofwhicheverclimateitis,eitherexcessivelyhotanddryorexcessively overcast and
wet, it’s required to have the
capacitytoswitchthemeasureofwaterthatachievestheplants.Presentdaywateringfr

1
 ameworkscouldbesuccessfullyusedto water the plants when they require it. Be
that as it may, thismanualprocedureofwateringneedstwo
vitalanglestobemeasured: when and the amount to water. Keeping in mindthe
end goal to supplant manual exercises and making plantspecialist'swork
simpler,wehavemade
programmedplantwateringframework.Byaddingautomaticplantwateringframew
orktogardenorhorticulturalfield,mostoftheplantsto achieve their fullest
potential and saving water. Utilizingsprinklers dribble producers, or a mix of
both, we can outline aframework that is perfect for each plant in our yard. It
iscustomized to detect dampness level of plants atspecific caseof time, if the
dampness content is not as much as determinedlimit which is predefined as per
specific plant's water requirethen wanted measure of water is provided till it
achieves edge. But with automatic plant watering system, the amount andthe
way in which the water is delivered to plant is much
morepreciseandinaconservingmanner.

Automatic watering system senses soil moisture content

ofthesoiltocontrolawateringsystem.Onaverage,aplantneeds to be irrigated twice
a day, once in the morning andsimilarly oncein the evening. A lot of people like
plants,the benefits they offer, and the emotion related to
fosteringthem.Yetitturnsouttobedifficultformanypeopletomaintain their health
and keep them alive. To suit this test wehave built up a model, which makes a
plant more independent,wateringitself.

The proposed prototype intends at preventing issues likeregular attention and

saving time. Apart from that it is alsohelpful in conserving water by routinely
watering the plant asperitswaterrequirements.Withadvancementinthetechnology,
there will always be a way to make work
simplerandmitigatetherisks.Embeddedsystemsandmicrocontrollers
offersolutionsformanydifficulties

2
USES OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Saves you Water and Time:

Both sprinkler and dribble water system frameworks can be set to day by day or
week by week watering, just as coordinated for explicit hours during day or
night. The framework will likewise consequently close the water off when the
water system process is finished. By having a robotized framework to
disseminate your water flexibly, you don't need to be physically present for the
water framework to be successful. The programmed shut off will downplay
your water use, and lower your expenses since less water will be utilized.
Reduces Weed Development:

By introducing a water system framework explicitly intended for your

landscape, just zones that really need water will get it. In this manner
constraining your potential weed development precisely. Dribble water system
frameworks are especially effective at this: the framework coordinates water
explicitly to each plant's underlying foundations, as opposed to sprinkling over
the complete land.

Improves Plant Development:

Plants will rise quicker and greener when watered with littler measures of water
over a more extended period, which is actually what water system frameworks
are intended to do. Introducing a water system framework will improve your
plant development considerably.

Preserves Soil Supplements:

Watering by hand frequently prompts abundance water saturating the soil.

Water overflow saturates the dirt and diverts valuable supplements from your
plants. Utilizing a water system framework will save your dirt structure and

3
keep your plants retaining supplements, not the overflow water. Current
developments Cautious investigation of all the significant elements like land
geography, soil, water, crop and agro-climatic conditions are expected to decide
the most reasonable automatic water system framework and segments to be
utilized in a particular installation. Crops reasonable for Automatic Irrigation
System and Response of various harvests to Automated Irrigation System
individually

SL. NO Crop Types Example

1 Orchard Crops. Grapes, Orange, Mango, Lemon etc
2 Vegetables Tomato, Chilly, Capsicum, Cabbage,
Onion, Pumpkin etc.
3 Cash Crops Sugarcane, Cotton, Strawberry
4 Flowers Rose, Carnation, Gerbera, Orchids,
5 Plantation Tea, Rubber, Coffee, Coconut etc.
6 Spices Turmeric, Cloves, Mint etc
7 Oil Seed Sunflower, Oil palm, Groundnut
etc
Table 1.1 Crops suitable for automatic Plant watering system

1.2SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

Create a system that waters plants based on soil moisture levels.

Use an Arduino, soil moisture sensor, water pump, and relay to control
watering.
Write code to read sensor data, trigger the pump when moisture is low, and set
intervals between watering cycles.
1.3 AIM

The automatic irrigation system was designed to continuously sense the

moisture and temperature level of the soil. The system responds appropriately

4
by watering the soil with the exact amount of water required and then shuts
down the water supply when the required amount of soil moisture is achieved.

1.4OBJECTIVES

1. Build a functional system involving sensors, a microcontroller (Arduino), a

water pump, and control mechanisms.
2.Write code to read sensor data, control the water pump based on moisture
levels, and manage the watering schedule.
3. Ensure the system accurately measures soil moisture and waters plants as
intended.
4.Integrate further functionalities like data logging, remote access, or advanced
automation (using weather forecasts, IoT, etc.).

1.5SOCIAL RELEVANCE

• Growth, production and quality of crops worldwide.

• Automatic irrigation system.

• Best suited for drip irrigation technique

5
 CHAPTER 2

EXISTENCE

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM:

In this paper, two sensors: temperature and soil moisture sensor set close to the

foundation of the plant and a unit controls the sensors and exchanges data to

web.Water framework is the fake use of water to the land or soil. It helps the

creating of green yields, upkeep of scenes, and re vegetation of maddens soils in

dry domains and in the midst of times of lacking rainfall. Exactly when a zone

proceeds, the water courses through the parallel lines and in the long run

breezes up at the water framework maker (stream) or sprinkler heads. Various

sprinklers have pipe string deltas on the base of them which empowers a fitting

and the pipe to be joined to them . Healthy plants can come to pass a ton of

water, bringing about an expansion in the moistness of the nursery air. A high

relative mugginess (over 80-85%) ought to be maintained a strategic distance

from because it can expand the occurrence of infection and lessen plant

transpiration. Adequate venting or progressive warming and venting can avert

buildup on plants surfaces and the nursery structure . The utilization of cooling

frameworks amid the hotter summer months builds the nursery air dampness.

6
Amid periods with warm and moist open-air conditions, mugginess control

inside the nursery can be a test. Nurseries situated in dry, dessert conditions

advantage incredibly from evaporative cooling frameworks since a lot of water

can be vanished into the approaching air, bringing about critical temperature

drops. Since the relative mugginess alone does not disclose to us anything about

the outright water holding limit of air, an alternate estimation is at some point

used to portray the supreme dampness status of the dirt. The vapor weight

deficiency is a measureof the contrast between the measure of dampness the air

contains at a given minute and the measure of dampness it can hold at that

temperature when the air would be immersed. Weight deficiency estimation can

disclose to us how simple it is for plants to come to pass: higher qualities fortify

transpiration (however too high can cause withering), and lower esteems repress

transpiration and can prompt buildup on leaf and nursery surfaces.

"Programmed plant water system framework has been planned and developed.

The small-scale model of the framework worked by appropriately. These

framework parts are effortlessly accessible, and they work very dependable. By

enhancing the water system effectiveness in rural segment, this industry turns

out to be more focused and feasible. Likewise, in dry regions, where there is no

adequate precipitation, legitimate water system isn't conceivable. Henceforth by

utilizing this water system framework by checking the dampness substance of

soil are can meet the water prerequisites important for the field. To spare

exertion of ranchers, the critical contemplations are water and time. In current

7
condition, they must hold up until the point that field is completely watered.

This limits them to do different exercises. This thought isn't intended for

agriculturists yet additionally to water the plants. In our present period, the

agriculturists are inundating their harvests at customary interim of time. The

procedures they utilize will expend framework that we composed will totally

wipe out the worry of difficult work.

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

2.2.1 BLOCK DAIGRAM

Figure 2.1 Block Diagram of Proposed System

Theblockdiagramrepresentsthegraphicalrepresentation of the automatic

watering system which
showsthebasiccomponentsusedtomakethissystemandtherelation between them.
Further as per the code the relayturns ON/OFF thewater pumptowater the
plants if needed

8
The moisture sensor is located in the soil and is associated tothe Arduino Uno
board. The relay module is connected to
theArduinoUnoboardandthewaterpump,furtherthewaterpump is submerged
into the water in order to water the
plants.FurtherasperthecodetherelaymoduleturnsON/OFFthewaterpumptowater
theplantsif

2.2.2 FLOW CHART

Theprojectisdesignedtoautomaticallywateraplantdepending upon the

soilmoisture content of the plant.
TheprojectusesArduinoUnoboardwhichisprogrammedtoreceive the soil
moisture content as the input from the sensorplaced in the soil and awater
pumpwhichsupplieswatertotheplantdepending on thesoilmoisturecontent

A “flowchart is a graphic representation of a logic sequence,work or

manufacturing process, organization chart, or

9
similarformalizedstructure.Theflowchartisameanstovisuallypresenttheflow
ofdatathroughaninformation

Figure 2.2 Flow Chart for automatic plant watering system.

processingsystems”.Therelaymoduleisassociatedwith
theArduinoUnoboardandwaterpump,furtherthewaterpumpissubmergedintothew
aterinordertowatertheplants.

Theflowchartshowstheworkflowoftheproject.Themoisturesensorplacedintheso
ilsensesthemoisture content and the information issent to theArduinoUno
board and is checked.If the moisture content is lowthen the Arduino Uno
board sends the information to the
relaywhichturnsonthewaterpump.Thewatermotorsupplieswatertotheplanttillth
epreferredmoisturecontentisachieved and is then turned OFF. If the amount of
moisture issufficient then nothing happens, and the water pump remainsOFF

10
 CHAPTER 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 Arduino IDE Software

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a software that is

mainly used for editing, compiling and uploading the code in the Arduino
Device, this software that is an open source

3.1.1.1 Introduction about Arduino IDE software

Arduino IDE is a cross-platform application (for Windows, macOS,

Linux) that is written in the functions from C and C++using the type of special
rules of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the
Wiring project, which provides many common input and output procedures. It is
easy to write code and upload it to the board.

3.1.1.2Programming into Arduino IDE software

The Arduino IDE software mainly contains two basic parts that is Editor
and Compiler section where programmer is used for writing the required code
and later is used for compiling and uploading the code into the Arduino device.

11
This environment supports both C and C++ languages. It consists of two
mandatory functions known as setup () and loop () functions they are the special
functions of Arduino program whenever we open a new window in Arduino
IDE we can see that these two functions are already present in new sketch. For
example setup () is an example of unique function name. It can be any name but
it must be unique i.e. not more than one function can have same name in the
same sketch otherwise there will be an error. Each of the Arduino board
contains a microcontroller that is actually programmed and accepts the
information in the form of code. The main code, also 11 called as a sketch,
created on the IDE platform it will generate a file in the HEX format which is
then transferred and uploaded in the controller on the Arduino board.

3.1.1.3 UPLOADING THE CODE INTO ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE:

Connect your Arduino using the USB cable. The square end of the USB
cable connects to your Arduino and the flat end connects to a USB port on your
computer. Then choose Tools→Board→Arduino Mega to find your board in the
Arduino menu then choose the correct serial port for your board. Then click the
Upload button. When you upload a sketch, you're using the Arduino bootloader,
a small program that has been loaded in to the microcontroller board. It allows

12
to upload code without using any additional hardware in the Arduino board.

Figure 3.1 Arduino UNO Coding Table

The Figure 3.1, shows the Arduino Mega coding tab in which we perform
coding. The bootloader is active for asome seconds when the board resets; then
it starts whichever sketch was most recently uploaded to the microcontroller.
The bootloader will blink the on-board (pin 13) LED when it starts.

3.1.1.4 LIBRARIES IN THE AEDUINO IDE SOFTWARE:

The libraries are very useful for adding some extra functionality into the
Arduino Modules. There is a list of libraries you can add by clicking the Sketch
button in the menu bar and going to Include Library. Add the respective library
it will on the top of the sketch with a include sign. Most of the libraries are
preinstalled and come with the Arduino software. However, we can also
download them from the external sources.

3.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

13
3.2.1 ARDUINO UNO

Figure3.2Arduino UNO

Arduino isanopen-
sourceplatformutilizedfordevelopingprojects.Itcomprisesofbothasoftware,orInte
gratedDevelopmentEnvironmentwhichisused to write a code and circuit board
onto which the code isuploadedfrom the computer.The pins on theArduinoUno
board are used to connect wires to construct acircuit. Arduino Uno board is fit
to notice the surroundings bygetting input from various sensors and can impact
its conditionbyoverseeingactuatorslikelights,engines,servosandsoforth. The Uno
board is theprimary in ameasure of USBArduino sheets, and the reference
exhibit for the Arduino

Microcontroller ATmega328P
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage 7-12V
(recommended)
Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

14
PWM Digital I/O Pins 6
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 20 Ma
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by
bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328P)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328P)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
LED_BUILTIN 13
Table3.1 Specification of Arduino UNO

3.2.2 POWER SUPPLY:

The power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant
output regulated power supply for successful working of the project. A 0-12V/1
mA transformer is used for this purpose. The primary of this transformer is
connected in to main supply through on/off switch& fuse for protecting from
overload and short circuit protection. The secondary is connected to the diodes
to convert 12V AC to 12V DC voltage. And filtered by the capacitors, which
isfurtherregulated to +5v, by using IC 7805.

Figure3.3 PC Power Supply Circuit Diagram

15
3.2.3 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR:

The soilmoisture sensor comes handy when there is a need to control the
volumetricmoisture level of the soil. The Soil Moisture Sensor makes useof
capacitance to find the moisture content of soil (done bydetermining the
dielectric permittivity of the soil, which is oneof the properties of the water
content). To evaluate the
soilmoisturecontent,simplyplacethissensorinsidethesoilwhosemoisturecontent
istobedetermined,andthesoilmoisturecontentwaterofthesoilisgivenin
percentage.This project utilizes a FC 28 soil dampness sensor. The
Soildampnesssensorsareutilizeduniquelytogaugethewatercontent in soil.
Mechanical strategy utilized it soil dampnesssensor is the electrical
obstruction of the dirt. The wellbeing ofa plant is impacted by numerous
variables, a standout amongstthe most vital being the prepared accessibility of
dampness inthedirt.Thegypsum square is utilized to quantify soildampness. In
this specific undertaking, we have utilized thedampness sensors which can be
embedded in the dirt, keepingin mind thefinal goal to quantify the dampness
substanceofthedirt

Figure 3.4Soil Moisture Sensor

16
 Figure 3.5 Pin diagram for soil moisture sensor

Specifications Range

Operating Voltage 3.3 to 5.5V

Operating Current < 5mA

Operating Current 1.5V to 3V (approx.)
Sensor Probe L x W (PCB) 98 x 23mm (3.86 x 0.91″)
Cable Length 20cm (8″)
Table 3.2 Specification of the soil moisture sensor

3.2.4 WATER PUMP

The water pump is utilized to givewater to a work. As required, it can be started

ON/OFF
bytransmittingsignals.Theactoffalselyprovidingwaterisknownaspumping.Thede
monstrationofpumpingwateris a basic and sensible strategy, significantly more
reasonablethanuncoveringitutilizinghuman'shandsorpickingitinone's grasp held
basin. Thesestrategies are valid in every oneof the caseswhether thewater is
exchanged to a particulararea, removed from a new water source, refined, or
utilized forhorticultural purposes like water system, washing or
17
cleaning,manuretreatment,orforpurgingwaterfromanunwantedterritory.Regardle
ssoftheoutcome,thevitalityisexpectedtodrawwateroutandisoneoftheimmenselyre
quiredmodulesofwateruse.Restthevarioussystemsdependorbenefiteachfromwater
slidingfromhighelevations orsomeharriedwater plumbing method. A12V dc
engine is utilized with the pump. By actuating the enginedriver circuit by the
read estimation of the Arduino board withthe set reference esteem, the pump
will consequently turn onandkill

Figure 3.6 Water pump

3.2.5 5V RELAY MODULE

Relaysarenothingbutswitcheswhich open as well as close circuits electronically

as well aselectromechanically.Theyhandleoneelectricalcircuitwith help of
opening and closing connections in some otheranother circuit. When a relay
connection is Normally Open(NO), there exists an open circuit when the relay
module is notenergized.OntheotherhandwhenarelayconnectionisNormally
Closed (NC), there exists a closed connection whenthe relay is not energized. In
both the cases, giving electricalcurrent to the connectionswill alter the state of
relay.Thefunction of a relay module is to control the water pump, whichis

18
further connected to the Arduino Uno board [4]. When thesoil sensor senses the
moisture content of the soil the
ArduinoUnoboardwillactivatetherelaywhichsendsthepowersupplytothewaterpu
mpwheneverneeded.Thisprojectusesa single channel relay module. Relay is an
electrically workedswitch.Numeroustransfersforexchangingsolenoidcomponent
automatically worked yet can likewise be
utilizedfordifferentstandardsofactivity.Transfersarebroadly utilized as a part of
early PCs to phones and perform sensibletasks.

Figure3.7 5v Relay Module

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 Relay Trigger Input to activate the relay

2 Ground 0V reference

3 VCC Supply input for powering the relay coil

19
 4 Normally Open Normally open terminal of the relay

5 Common Common terminal of the relay

6 Normally Closed Normally closed contact of the relay

Table 3.3 Pin description for 5v relay module

Specifications for 5v relay module

 Supply voltage – 3.75V to 6V

 Quiescent current: 2mA
 Current when the relay is active: ~70mA
 Relay maximum contact voltage – 250VAC or 30VDC
 Relay maximum current – 10A

3.2.6 9V BATTERY

9V Rechargeable Battery can be a useful power source for various electronic

projects, including those involving Arduino. The 9V PP3-size battery is
commonly available in primary zinc-carbon and alkaline chemistry, in primary
lithium iron disulfide and lithium manganese dioxide (sometimes designated
CRV9), and in rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium (Ni–Cd), nickel-metal
hydride (Ni–MH) and lithium-ion

20
 Figure 3.8 9v rechargeable Battery

3.3 CIRCUIT DAIGRAM

Figure 3.9 Circuit diagram for automatic plant watering system.

CURCUIT EXPLANATION:

The soil moisture sensor continuously measures the moisture level in the
soil.The microcontroller regularly reads the sensor's data.If the moisture level
falls below the preset threshold, the microcontroller triggers the transistor or
relay.The transistor or relay then activates the water pump or solenoid
valve.Water is delivered to the plants until the moisture level reaches the
desired threshold again.The system pauses until the soil dries out once more,
repeating the cycle.

21
 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The experiments and validation of the proposed method

hasbeencarriedouttakingintoconsiderationtheamountofmoisturethatthesoilshasini
tandthenprovidingthenecessary moisture content to the plant. Figure 4.1
presents thesetup which has been constructed and it shows that the plant isbeing
watered based on the moisture that has been detected bythe moisture sensor.
After the required level of water has beengiventotheplant,themotorturnsoffon
itsown.

22
Thefigurerepresentsaprototypeoftheprojectprepared.Thesoilmoisturesensoristhe
nconnectedtotheArduinoUno board. A relay is connected to the Arduino Uno
board whichinstructs it to ON/OFF the water pump in order to water theplants.

The soilmoisture sensor placed inside the soil, in order todetermine the moisture
level of the soil of that particular plantand The output of the soil moisturesensor
is shown is below the desired level of soil moisturecontEneeded. On the
otherhand, show thesensedsoilmoisturelevelwhenthesoiliswetwhichmeansthe
dampness of thesoilis sufficient

23
 Figure 4.1:Result

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

5.1 CONCLUSION

In this paper, a complete framework is presented for automaticwatering of a

plant which can be very useful because everyonealways provides the plant
with a certain level of water andhencepreventover-watering Another thing
thatsocietywould benefit from this approach is the resource managementthat
we would be doing, from saving water to cutting off
thepowerattherightmomentsoastohavean optimalusage.

24
This system has a soil moisture sensor and relay connected tothe Arduino Uno
board. The sensor will be placed in the soilwhich will check the moisture
content of the soil and will sendthe information to the Arduino Uno board, and
then to relaymodulewhichwill turn ON/OFF themotor towater the plantas
needed.

Thisprototypehelpscontrolthedampnesssubstanceofthedirt of a plant. As
indicated by soil dampness, water pumpingengine turned-on or off by means
of the hand-off
naturally.Alongtheselines,thereisnegligiblemisuseofwater.Theframework
additionally enables the conveyance to the plantwhen required in view of the
kind of plant, soil dampness,
andwatchedtemperature.Theventuremayneedtolimittheendeavors made by
people and furthermore now and again
thecarelessnessbythem.Numerouspartsoftheframeworkcanbealteredandutilized
programmingtocalibratethenecessities of the plant. The outcome is a versatile,
supportinginnovation. Utilizing this sensor, we can see that the dirt is wetor
dry. In the event that it is dry, the engine will consequentlypumping.

Amidtheexecution,numberofconclusionshasbeenviewed as in view of the viable

outcomes acquired from
theactualizedframeworksandtheaccompanyingarethemostvitalones:Theframewo
rkcomposedispracticalwhencontrastedwith differentmethodologieswith
construct suchframeworks.

5.2 FUTURE ENCHANEMENT

The proposed system consist of less hardware as compared to the previous

model hence it is compact as compared to the previous system. It is more cost
efficient, this claim is made on the fact that the proposed system does not need
the heavy and expensive hardware for implementation. This type of
automaticplant watering system consumes 40-50% less water as compared to

25
the traditional system Ideal growth condition is been provided when small
amount of water is been applied over large amount of time. This automatic
plant watering system extends watering time for plants, and provides ideal
growth condition. It saves time and timer delay as per the environmental
condition can be added for automatic watering. This smart irrigation system can
be adjusted and modified according to the changing environment. It is simple to
operate it starts by designing the map of your garden and marking the location
of planting.

REFERENCES

1. AnkitaPatil,MayurBeldar,AkshayNaik,SachinDeshpande,“SmartFarmingUs
ingArduinoandDataMining”,IEEE,2017

2.ArchanaP,PriyaR,“DesignandImplementationofAutomatic Plant Watering

System”,International Journal ofAdvanced Engineering and Global
TechnologyVol-04, Issue-01,January2017

26
3.BishnuDeoKumar,PrachiSrivastava,ReetikaAgrawal,VanyaTiwari,“Microco
ntrollerBasedAutomaticPlantIrrigationSystem”,InternationalResearchJournalof
Engineering andTechnology(IRJET),May-2016

4.Devika CM, Karthika Bose, Vijayalekshmy S,

“AutomaticPlantIrrigationSystemusingArduino”,IEEEInternationalConference
onCircuits andSystems,2016

5.DrashtiDivani,PallaviPatil,Prof.SunilK.Punjabi,“AutomatedPlantWateringS
ystem”,InternationalConferenceonComputationofPower,EnergyInformationan
dCommunication (ICCPEIC),2016

6.KaranKansara,VishalZaveri,ShreyansShah,SandipDelwadka, Kaushal Jani,

“Sensor based Automated IrrigationSystem with IOT: A Technical Review”,
International Journalof ComputerScienceandInformation
Technologies,Vol.6(6),2015

7.Pavankumar Naik,Arun Kumbi, Vishwanath Hiregoudar,Chaitra N K ,

Pavitra H K , Sushma B S, Sushmita J
H ,PraveenKuntanahal,“ArduinoBasedAutomaticIrrigationSystemUsingIoT”,I
nternationalJournalofScientificResearch in Computer Science, Engineering
and InformationTechnology,2015

APPENDIX

CODE FOR ARDUINO:

int soilSensorPin = A0; // Pin connected to the soil moisture sensor

int relayPin = 2; // Pin connected to the relay module
int soilMoistureThreshold = 500; // Adjust this value depending on
the sensor and the plant's needs
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void setup() {
pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT); // Set the relay pin as an output
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
}

void loop() {
int soilMoistureValue = analogRead(soilSensorPin); // Read the soil
moisture sensor value

if (soilMoistureValue < soilMoistureThreshold) {

digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Turn on the motor pump
delay(5000); // Water for 5 seconds, adjust as needed
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); // Turn off the motor pump
}

delay(1000); // Adjust delay as needed for sensor readings

}

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