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    Dip I

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    Rohit Kumar
    Digital image processing aims to improve image quality for features extraction and classification. It is used in computer vision, medical imaging, and other fields. Key steps include image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, processing by color, wavelets, compression, segmentation, and recognition.

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    Dip I

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Kumar
    4 views6 pages
    Digital image processing aims to improve image quality for features extraction and classification. It is used in computer vision, medical imaging, and other fields. Key steps include image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, processing by color, wavelets, compression, segmentation, and recognition.

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    DIP I

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    Digital image processing aims to improve image quality for features extraction and classification. It is used in computer vision, medical imaging, and other fields. Key steps include image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, processing by color, wavelets, compression, segmentation, and recognition.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views6 pages

    Dip I

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Kumar
    Digital image processing aims to improve image quality for features extraction and classification. It is used in computer vision, medical imaging, and other fields. Key steps include image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, processing by color, wavelets, compression, segmentation, and recognition.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    What is Digital Image Processing?

    ✓ The aim of digital image processing is to improve the quality


    of image and subsequently to perform features extraction and
    classification.
    ✓ It is effectively used in computer vision, medical imaging, meteorology,
    astronomy.

    Image
    Visual representation of a real-life object (a person or any other object) in a
    two-dimensional form is called an image. An image is nothing but a collection
    of pixels in different color spaces.
    Pixels
    Pixels are subsamples of an image that, when get combined, give us the
    complete image.
    Image resolution
     Image resolution is the number of pixels present in an image. The greater
    the number of pixels, the better quality.
     Image resolutions are described, for example, as 320 × 240, 640 × 480,
    800 × 600, 1024 × 768, and so on.

    Image Interpolation:
    Process of using known data to estimate unknown values. It is also called as
    resampling.

    STEPS IN DIP
    Image Acquisition:
    The image is captured by a sensor (eg. Camera), and digitized if the output of
    the camera or sensor is not already in digital form, using analogue-to-digital
    convertor.
    Image Enhancement
    The process of manipulating an image so that the result is more suitable than
    the original for specific applications. The idea behind enhancement techniques
    is to bring out details that are hidden.
    Image Restoration
    Improving the appearance of an image. Tend to be mathematical or
    probabilistic models.
    Colour Image Processing
    Use the colour of the image to extract features of interest in an image.
    Wavelets
    Are the foundation of representing images in various degrees of resolution. It is
    used for image data compression.
    Compression
    Techniques for reducing the storage required to save an image or the
    bandwidth required to transmit it.
    Morphological Processing
    Tools for extracting image components that are useful in the representation
    and description of shape.
    Image Segmentation
    Segmentation procedures partition an image into its constituent parts or
    objects.
    Recognition and Interpretation
    Recognition: the process that assigns label to an object based on the
    information provided by its description.
    PPI & DPI
    The units for measuring image resolution are PPI “pixels per inch”, DPI “ inch ”
    “dots per inch.” dots per.
    Bitmap Image
    Bitmap is a binary image in which each pixel has one of two numbers: either a
    zero or a one. They represent black or white and are often used for storing
    images efficiently.
    Lossless and lossy Compression:

    Lossless Compression:

    • Lossless compression is a method of reducing the size of a file without


    losing any data or quality.
    • It achieves compression by identifying and eliminating redundancy
    within the data.
    • When the compressed file is decompressed, it is identical to the original
    file.
    • Lossless compression is commonly used for text files, executable files,
    and other data where preserving every detail is important.
    • Ex: PNG

    Lossy Compression:

    • Lossy compression is a method of reducing the size of a file by removing


    unnecessary or less important information.
    • Lossy compression is often used for multimedia files like images, audio,
    and video, where a slight loss in quality may not be noticeable or is
    acceptable.
    • Ex: MP3

    Vector images:

    ➢ Vector images use less memory space and have a smaller file size (.svg)
    as compared to bitmaps.
    ➢ Vector images cannot be used for photorealistic images.
    ➢ Vector images require a plug-in for Web- based display.

    Dithering:
    Dithering is a process whereby the color value of each pixel is changed to the
    closest matching color value in the target palette.
    This is done using a mathematical algorithm.
    Image file format:

    An image file format refers to the structure and organization of data within a file
    that represents an image.

    JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group):

    • JPEG is a widely used image format for photographs and complex


    images.
    • It uses lossy compression, which means some quality may be lost when
    the image is compressed.

    PNG (Portable Network Graphics):

    • PNG is a popular lossless image format for web graphics and images with
    transparency.

    GIF (Graphics Interchange Format):

    • GIF is a format commonly used for simple animations and low-color


    images.
    • It supports animation and transparency but is limited to 256 colors.
    • GIF files use lossless compression

    TIFF (Tagged Image File Format):

    • TIFF is a versatile image format used in professional environments, such


    as photography, printing, and publishing.
    • It supports lossless compression and multiple layers.

    RAW:

    • RAW is not exactly a standard file format but rather a term used for
    uncompressed image data directly from a digital camera's sensor.
    • RAW files contain unprocessed data captured by the camera, allowing for
    greater flexibility

    Color Spaces:

    The organization of the colors of in an image in a specific format is called color


    space.

    The way in which a color is represented is called a color model.


    RGB:

    The RGB color space, red, green, and blue are mixed in different ways to make
    different color combinations.

    XYZ:

    Using XYZ, we can encode all the colors that exist in the real world. This color
    space is called XYZ because it extrapolates RGB colors in three dimensions: x, y,
    and z.

    HSV/HSL:

    HSV/HSL is an alternative representation of the RGB color space.

    It consists of the following components:

    • Hue

    • Saturation

    • Value

    • Lightness

    LCH:

    The LCH is similar to the LAB color space, but instead of using cylindrical
    coordinates, it uses rectangular coordinates.

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