Lab Report Experiment 1

STUDENT’S NAME: SITI NUR DAEYANNA BINTI SAMSUDIN
MATRIC. NO: MS2012171128

PRACTICUM GROUP: H1P3
LECTURER’S NAME: PN. ROSMALIZA BINTI MOHAMED @ SHAFIE
TICK (/) DATE TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

/ 4/8/2021 EXPERIMENT 1: BASIC TECHNIQUES IN MICROSCOPY
EXPERIMENT 2: PLANT TISSUES
EXPERIMENT 3: TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANE
EXPERIMENT 4: CELL DIVISION - MITOSIS
EXPERIMENT 5: INHERITANCE
EXPERIMENT 6: BASIC TECHNIQUES IN ISOLATING DNA
CONTENT MARKS (%)

TITLE
OBJECTIVE(S)
INTRODUCTION (hypothesis/ variable/ problem statement)
PROCEDURES (in passive voice, past tense, in reporting style)
OBSERVATION (tables, graphs, data, drawing)
ANALYSIS/ DISCUSSION (regarding tables, graphs data or drawing)
CONCLUSIONS
QUESTIONS
REFERENCES (min. 3)
TOTAL
EXPERIMENT 1 : BASIC TECHNIQUES IN MICROSCOPY
OBJECTIVE :
1. To obtain accurate image
2. To determine the depth of field
3. To determine the field of view
4. To calculate the actual magnification
5. To apply the use of oil immersion with high magnification (oil immersion lens)
INTRODUCTION
If the image letter ‘e’, cross threads and transparent ruler observe under the microscope, then the
image is inverted.
1.1.1 Image under the microscope
If the magnification power increases, then the image becomes larger.
1.1.2 The depth of field
As the magnification increase, the depth of field become smaller.
1.1.3 The field of view
As the magnification increase, the field of view become smaller.
1.2 Magnification
The actual magnification of a specimen was determined by using the formula; by multiplying the
magnification power of objective lens with the magnification power of ocular lens.
1.3 Oil Immersion Objective Lens

The oil immersion objective lens is used to observe a specimen at the highest resolution when it is not
clear.
PROCEDURE
Exercise 1.1 : Images, Depth of Fields and Field of View of the Microscope
1.1.1 Image under the microscope

1. The ‘e’ prepared slide was observed using the 4x objective lens.
2. Image that appear at the microscope by using 4x objective lens was observed and drew.
3. The position of ‘e’ was determined (inverted/original position).
1.1.2 The depth of field

1. The position of the thread on the slide was observed with your naked eyes. The colour of the
thread was identified
a) at the top
b) at the middle
c) at the bottom
2. The cross threads were observed under the microscope using 4x and 10x objective lens.
3. The depth of field was determined when the power of the objective lens increases.
1.1.3 The field of view

1. A transparent ruler was placed on the stage.
2. The transparent ruler was observed using the 4x, 10x and 40x objective lenses. (The amount of
light was increased by adjusting the control knob to the maximum).
3. The image of the transparent ruler by using 4x objective lens was observed and drew.
Exercise 1.2 : Magnification

1. The actual magnification of a specimen was determined by using the formula; by multiplying
the magnification power of objective lens with the magnification power of ocular lens.
2. The actual magnification was calculated in the table 1.1.
Exercise 1.3 : Oil Immersion Objective Lens

1. The prepared slide under the microscope was observed.
2. The observation was drawn.
RESULT AND OBSERVATIONS
DISCUSSION
In exercise 1.1.1, the result shows that the image of the letter ‘e’ is inverted and magnified after the
prepared slide placed under the objective lens.
In exercise 1.1.2, the depth of field is how much of your image is in focus. Through naked eyes, the
cross threads shows that the blue colour is at the bottom. The red is in the middle and the green colour
is at the top. The position of the cross threads is the same under the microscope. As the power
magnification increases, the depth of field of decreases.
In exercise 1.1.3, the field of view is the maximum area visible when looking through the microscope
eyepiece. The transparent ruler at actual magnification 40x is 3 mm. As the power magnification
increases, the field of view is smaller.
In exercise 1.2, the specimen was calculated by using the formula magnification, by multiplying the
magnification power of objective lens with the magnification power of ocular lens. The higher the
magnification power of the objective lens, the greater the actual magnification.
In exercise 1.3, the result shows that the bacteria can be seen with power magnification of 100x only
by using oil immersion in order to see the bacteria clearly. Oil immersion can be applied with the
highest magnification only.
QUESTIONS
1. The diameter of field of view for the 4x objective lens is mm or micrometer. Determine the
diameter of field of view for the 10x and 40x objective lens in mm or micrometer.
- The diameter of field of view for the 10x = 7.5 mm = 7500 micrometer
- The diameter of field of view for the 40x = 30.0 mm = 30000 micrometer
2. Using 40x objective lens, determine the size of a cell from a piece of cork tissue with
approximately 20 cells in horizontal position and 10 cells in vertical position.
- Estimated size = Field Diameter/Fit Number
Length = 30000 micrometer / 20 = 1500 micrometer
Width = 30000 micrometer / 10 = 3000 micrometer
B) Answer the following questions.

1. Based on laboratory practices, what do you use to clean the microscope lenses?
Lens tissue and alcohol
2. While observing a moving microorganism under a microscope, you found that the organism has
moved out of the field of view to the right. In order to keep observing the microorganism, which
direction do you move your slide (right/left)?
To the left
3. How do you adjust the slide when the specimen is out of the field of view to the top?
Adjust the focus knob (towards me) to the average level until the specimen formed clearly.
C) Complete the following sentences.

1. A microscope is called a compound microscope when it consists of more than one set of optical
components, which is the ocular lens and objective lens.
2. Condenser and iris diaphragm are useful to coordinate the light of the illuminator onto the
specimen.
CONCLUSION
1. The image of the letter ‘e’ was inverted and magnified.
2. As the power magnification increases, the depth of field decreases.
3. As the power magnification increases, the field of view is smaller.
4. The actual magnification can be calculated by multiplying the magnification power of
objective lens with the magnification power of ocular lens.
5. The oil immersion was applied with high magnification.
REFERENCES
1. Cheesborough M. (1999). District laboratory practice in tropical countries. Cambridge
University Press, United Kingdom
2. Chaplin K. Clinical microscopy. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC and
Yolken RH (eds). (1995) Manual of clinical microbiological, (6th ed.). ASM Press,
Washington, DC
3. Precision Laboratories. (2017). How and Why to Clean Your Microscope Lens: Precision
Laboratories Test Strips. Retrieved at
https://www.preclaboratories.com/clean-microscope-lens/. Accessed on August 05, 2021
4. Microbe Notes. (2021). Compound microscope- definition, labelled diagram, parts, uses.
Retrieved at
https://microbenotes.com/compound-microscope-principle-instrumentation-and-applications/.
Accessed on August 05, 2021

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STUDENT’S NAME: SITI NUR DAEYANNA BINTI SAMSUDIN

MATRIC. NO: MS2012171128

TICK (/) DATE TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

CONTENT MARKS (%)

1.3 Oil Immersion Objective Lens

1.1.1 Image under the microscope

1.1.2 The depth of field

1.1.3 The field of view

Exercise 1.2 : Magnification

Exercise 1.3 : Oil Immersion Objective Lens

B) Answer the following questions.

C) Complete the following sentences.

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