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 Top 50 Most Asked
JavaScript
Interview Questions
Made by: Want More?

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1. What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming
language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification.
It is used to create interactive effects within web browsers.

2. What is the difference between var, let, and const?

var: Function-scoped, can be re-declared and updated.
let: Block-scoped, can be updated but not re-declared
within the same scope.
const: Block-scoped, cannot be updated or re-declared

3.What are JavaScript data types?

Primitive types: String, Number, Boolean, Null,
Undefined, Symbol, BigInt.
Object types: Object, Array, Function, etc.

4. Explain hoisting in JavaScript.

Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variables and

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function declarations are moved to the top of their
containing scope during the compile phase.

5. What is closure in JavaScript?

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A closure is a function that retains access to its lexical
scope, even when the function is executed outside that
scope.
6. What are callbacks in JavaScript?
A callback is a function passed as an argument to another
function, which is then invoked inside the outer function to
complete some kind of routine or action.

7. What is the difference between == and ===?

== checks for value equality with type coercion.
=== checks for both value and type equality without
type coercion.

8. What is an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE)?

An IIFE is a function that is executed immediately after it
is defined. It is used to avoid polluting the global scope.

9.What is the event loop in JavaScript?

The event loop is a mechanism that allows JavaScript to
perform non-blocking, asynchronous operations by
managing the execution of code, events, and callbacks.

10. Explain the concept of promises in JavaScript.

A promise is an object representing the eventual
completion or failure of an asynchronous operation. It has
three states: pending, fulfilled, and rejected.

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11.What are arrow functions?
Arrow functions are a concise syntax for writing function
expressions. They do not have their own this context and
cannot be used as constructors.

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12.What is the this keyword in JavaScript?
this refers to the context in which a function is executed. It
can refer to an object, a global object, or undefined in strict
mode.

13.What are higher-order functions?

Higher-order functions are functions that can take other
functions as arguments and/or return functions as their
result.
13.What are higher-order functions?
Higher-order functions are functions that can take other
functions as arguments and/or return functions as their
result.

14. What is async/await in JavaScript?

async/await is syntax for handling asynchronous
operations. async makes a function return a promise, and
await pauses the execution until the promise is resolved.

15. What is destructuring in JavaScript?

Destructuring is a syntax for extracting values from
arrays or objects and assigning them to variables.

16. What is the spread operator (...)?

The spread operator is used to expand elements of an
array or object. It can be used in function arguments, array
literals, and object literals.

17. What is the rest parameter (...)?

The rest parameter syntax allows a function to accept an
indefinite number of arguments as an array.

18. What is the difference between null and undefined?

undefined means a variable has been declared but not
assigned a value. null is an assignment value that

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represents no value or no object.

19. What is prototypal inheritance?

Prototypal inheritance is a feature where objects inherit
properties and methods from other objects. In JavaScript,

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this is achieved using prototypes.

20. What is NaN?

NaN stands for Not-a-Number. It is a value representing a
computational error or an invalid number.

21.What is the difference between call and apply?

Both call and apply invoke a function with a specified this
context. call takes arguments individually, while apply
takes arguments as an array
22. What is bind in JavaScript?
bind creates a new function that, when called, has its this
keyword set to the provided value, with a given sequence
of arguments preceding any provided when the new
function is called.

23. What is a promise chain?

A promise chain is a sequence of asynchronous operations
performed using promises where each operation starts
after the previous one is completed.

24. What is a generator function?

A generator function is a function that can stop its
execution midway and then resume from where it stopped.
It uses the function* syntax and yield keyword.

25. What is localStorage in JavaScript?

localStorage is a web storage object that allows storage of
key-value pairs in the browser with no expiration time.

26. What is sessionStorage in JavaScript?

sessionStorage is a web storage object that stores data for
one session. The data is deleted when the browser tab is
closed.

27. What are JavaScript modules?

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JavaScript modules are reusable pieces of code that can
be exported from one script and imported for use in
another. They help in organizing and managing code.

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28. What is event delegation?
Event delegation is a technique for handling events by
leveraging the event bubbling mechanism. Instead of
attaching event handlers to individual elements, an event
handler is attached to a parent element.

29. What is a polyfill in JavaScript?

A polyfill is code that provides modern functionality on
older browsers that do not natively support it.
30. What is the difference between synchronous and
asynchronous code?
Synchronous code is executed sequentially, blocking
further execution until the current operation completes.
Asynchronous code is executed concurrently, allowing
other operations to continue before the current operation
completes.

31. What is a pure function?

A pure function is a function that produces the same
output for the same inputs and has no side effects.

32. What is memoization in JavaScript?

Memoization is an optimization technique where the
results of expensive function calls are cached and returned
when the same inputs occur again.

33. What is the use of JSON.stringify and JSON.parse?

JSON.stringify converts a JavaScript object into a JSON

string. JSON.parse converts a JSON string back into a
JavaScript object.

34. What is the difference between slice and splice?

slice returns a shallow copy of a portion of an array into a
new array without modifying the original array. splice

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changes the contents of an array by removing, replacing,
or adding elements.

35. What are template literals in JavaScript?

Template literals are string literals allowing embedded

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expressions, denoted by backticks (`). They can contain
placeholders for variables or expressions.

36. What is the DOM?

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming
interface for web documents. It represents the page
structure as a tree of objects that can be manipulated with
JavaScript.
37. What is the difference between == and Object.is()?
== checks for equality with type coercion. Object.is()
checks for strict equality without type coercion, similar to
===, but also properly handles edge cases like NaN and
-0.
38. What are JavaScript frameworks?
JavaScript frameworks are libraries that provide a
structure for building web applications, such as React,
Angular, and Vue.js.

39. What is debouncing?

Debouncing is a technique used to limit the rate at which a
function is executed. It ensures that a function is only
called after a specified delay has elapsed since the last
call.
40. What is throttling?
Throttling is a technique that ensures a function is called
at most once in a specified period. It controls the execution
rate of a function.

41. What is the difference between map and forEach?

map creates a new array by applying a function to each
element of an array. forEach executes a function for each
element without creating a new array.

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42. What is a web worker in JavaScript?
A web worker is a script that runs in the background,
independently of the main browser thread, allowing for
parallel execution.

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43. What is a service worker?
A service worker is a script that runs in the background
and enables features like push notifications, background
sync, and offline caching.
44. What is the fetch API?
The fetch API is a modern interface for making HTTP
requests to servers. It returns promises and is more
powerful and flexible than the older XMLHttpRequest.
45. What is CORS?
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a security feature
that allows or restricts resources on a web page to be
requested from another domain outside the domain from
which the resource originated.

46. What is an event listener?

An event listener is a procedure or function in a computer
program that waits for an event to occur.

47. What is Promise.all?

Promise.all is a method that takes an array of promises
and returns a single promise that resolves when all the
promises in the array have resolved or rejects when any of
the promises reject.

48. What is the difference between window and document in

JavaScript?
window is the global object representing the browser
window. document is a property of window that represents
the DOM and provides methods to interact with the content
of the page.

49. What is the reduce method in JavaScript?

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The reduce method executes a reducer function on each
element of an array, resulting in a single output value.

50. What is Object.assign?

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Object.assign is a method used to copy the values of all
enumerable own properties from one or more source
objects to a target object
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