Que.1 Summarize the purpose of a Software Requirements Document (SRD).

The Software Requirements Document (SRD) serves as a comprehensive and structured outline of
the specifications and functionalities that a software system should possess. Its primary purpose is to
document and communicate the needs and expectations of stakeholders, including clients,
developers, and testers. The SRD acts as a reference for all parties involved in the software
development process, providing a clear understanding of the system's scope, features, constraints,
and performance requirements. It serves as a foundational document to guide the development
team throughout the project and to facilitate effective communication and collaboration among
stakeholders.

Que.2 Provide an example of a functional requirement for an online shopping website.

Functional requirements specify the features and capabilities that a system must have to fulfill its
intended purpose. For an online shopping website, a functional requirement could be:

**Example Functional Requirement:**

*The system shall allow users to add products to their shopping cart.*

This requirement outlines a specific functionality – the ability for users to select and add items to
their virtual shopping cart while browsing the online store. It implies that there should be a user
interface element for adding products to the cart, and the system must appropriately update the
cart content as users make selections. This functional requirement is essential for the basic
operation of an online shopping website, contributing to a smooth and user-friendly shopping
experience.

Que.3 Create a scenario where requirements validation would be necessary in a software project.

Imagine a scenario where a software project involves developing a new customer relationship
management (CRM) system for a medium-sized business. In this context, requirements validation
becomes crucial.

**Scenario:**

The business stakeholders have identified the need for a CRM system to streamline customer
interactions, manage leads, and improve overall customer satisfaction. During the requirements
gathering phase, various stakeholders, including sales, marketing, and customer support teams,
provide input on their specific needs and expectations for the CRM system.

However, as the project progresses, it becomes apparent that there are conflicting requirements and
ambiguous statements in the initial requirements documentation. For example:

1. The sales team emphasizes the need for real-time analytics and reporting features to track sales
performance.

2. The marketing team insists on robust email marketing integration to manage customer
communications.

3. The customer support team requests a feature-rich ticketing system for handling customer issues
efficiently.

In this situation, requirements validation becomes necessary to ensure that the gathered
requirements are clear, complete, and consistent. The development team needs to conduct
validation sessions with stakeholders to clarify ambiguities, resolve conflicting requirements, and
confirm that the documented requirements accurately represent the needs of all user groups.

Que.4 Describe the requirement engineering process.

The Requirement Engineering (RE) process is a systematic and iterative approach to eliciting,
analyzing, documenting, and managing requirements in a software development project. The
process typically involves several phases:

1. **Feasibility Study:**

- In this initial phase, the project stakeholders assess the feasibility of the proposed system. This
involves examining technical, economic, legal, operational, and scheduling aspects to determine if
the project is viable.

2. **Requirement Elicitation:**

- This phase involves gathering requirements from various stakeholders. Techniques such as
interviews, surveys, workshops, and observations are used to collect information about the needs
and expectations of end-users, customers, and other project participants.

3. **Requirement Analysis and Specification:**

- The gathered requirements are analyzed to identify inconsistencies, ambiguities, and conflicts.
The analysis results in a clear and detailed specification of functional and non-functional
requirements. This may include use cases, data models, process flows, and other artifacts to
describe the system behavior.

4. **Requirement Validation:**

- The validation phase ensures that the documented requirements accurately represent the
stakeholders' needs and are consistent. It involves reviewing the requirements with stakeholders,
conducting validation sessions, and using prototypes or mock-ups to gather feedback.

5. **Requirement Management:**

- Requirements are subject to change throughout the software development life cycle.
Requirement management involves tracking and controlling changes to requirements, ensuring
traceability, and maintaining a clear understanding of the current state of requirements.

6. **Requirement Traceability:**

- Establishing and maintaining traceability ensures that each requirement is linked to its origin and
can be tracked throughout the development process. Traceability matrices help manage changes,
assess the impact of modifications, and ensure that all requirements are addressed.

7. **Requirement Documentation:**

- The finalized requirements are documented in a structured manner, creating artifacts such as
Software Requirements Specifications (SRS), use cases, and other relevant documents. Clear
documentation serves as a reference for the development team and other stakeholders.

8. **Communication and Collaboration:**

- Effective communication and collaboration are essential throughout the RE process. Regular
interactions with stakeholders, feedback sessions, and collaboration tools help ensure that everyone
involved has a shared understanding of the requirements.

Que.5 Critically evaluate the effectiveness of requirements validation techniques in software

engineering.

Requirements validation techniques play a crucial role in ensuring the success of software
engineering projects by confirming that the documented requirements accurately represent
stakeholders' needs and expectations. Here's a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of some
common requirements validation techniques:
1. Reviews and Inspections:

- Strengths: These techniques involve systematic examination of requirements documents by

stakeholders, developers, and quality assurance teams. They can uncover inconsistencies,
ambiguities, and errors.

-Limitations:The effectiveness depends on the expertise of the reviewers, and sometimes critical
issues may go unnoticed. Reviews may also be time-consuming and resource-intensive.

2. Prototyping

- Strengths: Prototyping provides a tangible representation of the proposed system, allowing

stakeholders to interact with a simplified version. This helps in validating requirements by providing
a clearer understanding of system behavior.

- Limitations: Prototypes may not capture all aspects of the system, and the focus might be on the
user interface rather than underlying functionalities. It may also lead to misconceptions if
stakeholders treat the prototype as the final product.

3. Simulation and Modeling:

- Strengths: Simulation and modeling tools can help validate system behavior and performance.
They allow for the analysis of different scenarios, identifying potential issues before implementation.

- Limitations:Creating accurate simulations can be challenging, and the results are dependent on
the quality of input data and assumptions made during the modeling process.

4. Validation Workshops:

- Strengths: Workshops bring together stakeholders to discuss and validate requirements

collaboratively. This facilitates real-time clarification of doubts and ensures a shared understanding
among participants.

- Limitations: Workshops require active participation, and conflicting opinions among stakeholders
may be challenging to resolve. Achieving consensus can be time-consuming.

5. Testing:

- Strengths:Testing, especially acceptance testing, can validate whether the implemented system
meets specified requirements. Automated testing tools can ensure systematic validation of various
functional and non-functional aspects.

- Limitations: Testing alone may not catch all requirement-related issues, and it is typically done
after the development phase, making late-stage changes more costly.
6. Use Case Analysis:

- Strengths: Use cases provide a narrative description of system interactions and functionalities.
Analyzing use cases helps in identifying and validating key system behaviors.

- Limitations: Use cases may not cover all possible scenarios, and their effectiveness depends on
the thoroughness of the use case development process.