2.2.

1 Convert the following:

a. 60.0 mi/h to ft/s
b. 50.0 lb/in.2 to kg/m2
c. 6.20 cm/hr2 to nm/s2
a 600 mxi 61 km
/
1000m 1 f+ Iy → 88036 f+ /s 답
h ImTf IKMX / D 3048/
m 3600s

'
19
다. 0 441k 작11 . 1
0
3 $ . 5 .0 D 0 kA / m
ㆍ답
> b. . 0 54mp',
c

C 6 20 cm
/ inm /
( Ihnl
"
.

→ 4784 nm / s
답
hnhx 1 O nEm
, ( 3b0 os ) 로
-
 . 004 1
Q lbm
a /
60 mTn B
( 03048 m )
→
0000149 lbm / hrf+ 3 답
)
min 4542 바 ( 1 ff) ,
/
m 1/

b 24 /
3
(1 ft) 86400 $
3
10
-

.
m
- → . 102 × ( o 6ft'/day답
/ day
6

1
$ 서 ( 0 3048 m )
.

…
, cmx
6 Tn 0 . 0254 m 1001 mpftx iyh llbm
맷
→ 1146시에 m /s K 답
y가 s /
lbm ftx/T 1 (m 2
1 /
10 304음 m
.
2
) 315 m6000 s D 454kJ 윈
2.2.4 Your boss announced that the speed of the company Boeing 737 is to be cut from 525
mi/hr to 475 mi/hr to “conserve fuel,” thus cutting consumption from 2200 gal/hr to 2000
gal/hr. How many gallons are saved in a 1000 mi trip?
→ Jallon / mT H 000 →
답

525 mTi / nn -4 n mr
5
/ hn = 50 mi / hn

2200 gal / hn 2000 1 hn

gal 200 gal / hn
-

↓
으사
1 →
4Jal 1 mi
, 도omi

4Jal / mx × 1000 mX > 4000 ga에 답

2.2.8 Water is flowing through a 2-in.-diameter pipe with a velocity of 3 ft/s.
a. What is the kinetic energy of the water in (ft)(lbf)/lbm?
b. What is the flow rate in gallons per minute?

2in

-
→

3ft /s

a . KTnetic eneryy : 51mV 로

→ 머모름 basis 잡기
서×
1 lbm ( 3f lbfl 답
, 1+)
§
s
o 139ftlbf
*
f
→
/lbm
2 1
S 2
32 174 lbm
,
convension facton basTs 로 나눠주기
lbf =
32 . ( 74 lbmff / s

b
π) 2
. ( 1Tn /3
f * ( . 0254m
0

) 703040m 14
/ 1 gal b 0 s

( lTnk If* 3
→ 29 3 DDAal 1 mTn 답
S
$ 0
.

1-
,
z

/
m . 785차 mn
2.2.9 Consider water pumped at a rate of 75 gal/min through a pipe which undergoes a
100 ft elevation increase by a 2 hp pump. The rate energy input from the pump that goes
into heating the water is approximately equal to the rate of energy input from the pump
minus the rate of potential energy generated by pumping the water up the elevation
change (m′gh, where m′ is the mass flow rate of water and h is the elevation change).
Estimate the rate of energy input for heating the water for this case in British thermal units
per hour. Btu/ hn
주입ㆍ -위치ㆍ →가열
( 마력 ( nP ) =
D 45 DW
.

④ 주입고

2hP // S

I
745 D/ IJ IBt나 3600 S
-

→ 5089 Btu /nn

75 Ja1 /mn 100ft yhP ,
IW IOG5Jhn

①
2
위치고

Ikubass
9

D5
Jall .8 m 1 O 0 f+
1 3 D 8 ㆍ34 1 KJ 03048m 60mTn
/
p
.

IBta
)
min S
IJal ifff
"

1 O 도 5J
린
1 bn

- →4822823 Btu/ hn

③
3
가열ㆍ →
(5089 -

4822 823 ) Btu/ hn

.
=
266 . 1 DDBtu /h 답
화
2.2.11 A pallet of boxes weighing 10 tons is dropped from a lift truck from a height of 10 ft.
The maximum velocity the pallet attains before hitting the ground is 6 ft/s. How much
kinetic energy does the pallet have in (ft)(lbf) at this velocity?
.0 ,

0*
리
1
oftI dofts

KTnetic enerAy :
21 mv 2

f+
llbm
oton ,가 1000kg
)ff ( 1/ llbf . /
/
.
1 6 s

1232 lbf ff 답
~

286
S kx 321 n 4 lbm. +/
$
.

(/ 04541/
.

ton
/
2 f
2.3.4 Leaking oil tanks have become such an environmental problem that the federal
government has implemented a number of rules to reduce the problem. A flow rate from a
leak from a small hole in a tank can be predicted from the following relation:

where Q is the leakage rate (gal/min) (ft3/h)

S is the cross-sectional area of the hole causing the leak (in.2)
Δp is the pressure drop between the inside of the tank opposite the leak
and the atmospheric pressure (psi) Ps= ps량 oJh
.
+
23 lbf / Tn 2

To test the tank, the vapor space is pressurized with N2 to a pressure of 23 psig. If the tank is
filled with 73 in. of gasoline (sp. gr. = 0.703) and the hole is ¼ in. in diameter, what is the value
of Q (in cubic feet per hour)? ㅇ ㅈ n
bm 11
32174f+ 1 f+

'
43 888 원 1 7min
/ )
IOS "
밟 어
.

+
ff
/ ft 2

1
S 2 )
1 nT
때 *( KT pttt ) '

3
408 시o 4 ff
lbfs
>
*
- 의

→ 33 plbf / ft
.

때 π 12 (
lbmff
266. 985lbf / ft로
/ →
32174 /
②
2 0
p
SPJ 와 ∴ :35D .985 lbf/
8
ft로
OQ
3

0 . n 03 lb/ 62 43 lbf /ft 로

ffsJasolTn . 61 3 40810 f+
Pof Jasoline 4
.
로

4n 888 lbm /ff 3 JasolTne0

-

: → .

Ilblff 'O
3 Q
③
r
.
. 다더빠 "' ft 32 174 lbmft ff
HU
. . 4아시다점 ,
1
2

)1
-

→ 00 I 1 ff " / s
사 .lbn /ft:0 nsolncN
rs
lbffsx
/
. 01 위 ff3 $
3600 s
→ 54 36
.
ft3/ hm
답

$ lhn
2.3.5 The velocity in a pipe in turbulent flow is expressed by the following equation:
𝜏𝜏
𝑢𝑢 = 𝑘𝑘( )1/2
𝜌𝜌

‘
‘

‘ ‘

biftpr
. 0지 lbt 1 t
iOc ( lbf / f+ ) w
'

→ c ③ =k - 0

. 000

KJ mf
/ .
lbfis
* lbm
1 0 3048 셍
m
ooallbf /ff
.

F"
lbmff 0. 45411 t

fhflest
32. ( 741
maS
m K× 1 11
. .0

김
inlmt +
$

성
"
,
. ..
ftx / ,
.
enf .
,
( lb / ft )
.

② P +
p
'
'

lkglh mouomptt
쁨 0 .
454)
, ( 0.
)
- → . 062
0
lbl 1 f+3
→ 3 301
. KU
콩 ffis 답
,
2.3.5 유사문제

= lbm 버 ×
al) 705 >
CxP( 0 . 27시에 ↑ '
- P
( lbf / Tny -
. 러시에
→ lbm /ft' 답

=
e
시 ( . 27 × N 에 ) =
' -

70
0

lbm / ft 로
-
70
. 5
-

oslbm
.
ft
( / '
217 시에 P ln (
π)
8 . =

8 217 시에
lnl ebm/fty 1p
=

→[ nylbt답
.

-
-

705
( b)
시에대
8 .2 D = .00 × 100
(7→ lbtsr
/ ebm-/ fti
/0 m ump0
/ 1
m 9
/ k 0
. 00이
321( 74lbmf+ ff
lbff mysy // 0 . 454lK
/ 112n대) ~

)0 도 l
1
ft
.'

쁘
.
e 454z 로
.

( 30 .48cm 3
1 131 J1cm 답
ff 3 lbm

(C ) 8 .2 D 시에 대
1 P )
KA ebfisrll lbm
/ ffxono 4om
,
→ (1 438 ×시
o

9)
- P

/lbmff /
lx ( 패 f+
*
0 454112
.

lbf
1 ↑ s4
m 32 ( 174 / .

454 기 "

.tkm .
망시에
도쁘
70 44
기 n el4nb
× 1o 9 ) P답
.
-

ft 3
), . ocm) s
2.6.3 A solid compound was found to contain 42.11% C, 51.46% O, and 6.43% H. Its
molecular weight was about 341. What is the formula for the compound?
mole fraction
C :
42 . 112112 = . 위 m 이26 . 67
3

.뒤 . 4601 / 16 = 3 22 m이 .
24 417 %.

H : 6 4n 01
.
= 6 43 m 이.
48 86 % .

13 16 m 이
.
100 %

341 ÷ ( 12 × . 09 Hot 2) = 10 . 97 차
c .
0 . H = 1 o9 : l : 2 >
.

11 .
99 :
1 : z2 : 12 : 1 1z 2

∴ A :
Cho " H 자 답
2.9.6 A radioactive tracer-labeled microorganism (MMM) decomposes to NN as follows:

If the CO2(g) yields 2 × 107 dpm (disintegrations per minute) in a detection device, how
many μCi (microcuries) is this? How many cpm (counts per minute) will be noted if the
counting device is 80% efficient in counting disintegrations? Data: 1 curie = 3 × 1010 dps
(disintegrations per second).

2 lon /
drsinteghatrons Icunres ,
1 min micho
> 1 ! 1 IMCi 답
60 s 6

/
10 1D
/ d (sTnteA rafions
-

min 3 시o

× londisinteg hatonscounts= 1
X 08 . 6 시 on
Cpm 답
-

min disinfegratrons
2.9.8 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) sets standards for
CCl4 in air at 12.6 mg/m3 of air (a time-weighted average over 40 hr). The CCl4 found in a
sample is 4800 ppb. Does the sample exceed the NIOSH standard? Be careful!

따백 my
4800 이
m
1
~ 54Jcc 14 1000 / /
이 au 1m
14 33
mz 1 m 3 > 12
→
6
1 o 9 molan
) )이 ccl 4
imo
IA
.

22 4110
c aTr 3 m3
-

∴ exceed 답
2.9.9 The following table shows the annual inputs of phosphorus to Lake Erie:

a. Convert the retained phosphorus to concentration in micrograms per liter, assuming that
Lake Erie contains 1.2 × 1014 gal of water and that the average phosphorus retention time is
2.60 yr.
b. What percentage of the input comes from municipal water?
c. What percentage of the input comes from detergents, assuming they represent 70% of
the municipal waste?
d. If 10 ppb of phosphorus triggers nuisance algal blooms, as has been reported in some
documents, would removing 30% of the phosphorus in the municipal waste and all the
phosphorus in the industrial waste be effective in reducing the eutrophication (i.e., the
unwanted algal blooms) in Lake Erie?
e. Would removing all of the phosphate in detergents help?
a. Convert the retained phosphorus to concentration in micrograms per liter, assuming that
Lake Erie contains 1.2 × 1014 gal of water and that the average phosphorus retention time is
2.60 yr.

1
2560 + on 1 8 에→ 2204 lh 454000mn/
으 6 YX
) 0 . 14nmoL 답
y* 1 2 × 104 Aa 에 .
.
3 17853 가
.

,
1 ton
llby

b. What percentage of the input comes from municipal water?

19090
-
HO 0 =
63 42 % 답
.

30100
c. What percentage of the input comes from detergents, assuming they represent 70% of
the municipal waste?
19090 × 07 =
13363

-
13363 HO =
44 39 % 답
30100
.
d. If 10 ppb of phosphorus triggers nuisance algal blooms, as has been reported in some
documents, would removing 30% of the phosphorus in the municipal waste and all the
phosphorus in the industrial waste be effective in reducing the eutrophication (i.e., the
unwanted algal blooms) in Lake Erie?
2240 + 6174아 19090 X 0가 2030 -

4500 - 738ton
= 19
y바

/
198 n 3 ton = PPb
2 60
. YX / 454000 mg Igall
lb
2204
~
→
1 138 mAL > 001
mg 씩
* 12 시 ol 4
jall tong ilb
, 3 . 17853 가
: TneffectTve 답
IPPb =
ooolmg / 엣

1 Oppb = oo mg / 가

e. Would removing all of the phosphate in detergents help?

× 0 3 t 2030 -450 = 1 223 Dton
2240 t 6740 t 19090 . y바

/
1223 nton 2 60. yy I
2204 lb 454000mz / 1
1 Jal
- ~
→ . on moL > 001 mg / 셸
1014 ton
* 1 2×
.

jall 1 llb
, 3 . 17853 가
doesnt
∴
help 답
2.9.10 A gas contains 350 ppm of H2S in CO2. If the gas is liquefied, what is the weight fraction of
H2S?

massfraction
H s :
350 m이 11900 %
. X
3481 m이 0 .
02703 위 …
%

Co : 100 m 이 X 4491 m 이→ 44× 시 06J

99 972961
.
…
%

: 0 .
027038 …

% 답 44011900건
2.9.11 Sulfur trioxide (SO3) can be absorbed in sulfuric acid solution to form a more
concentrated sulfuric acid. If the gas to be absorbed contains 55% SO3, 41% N2, 3% SO2, and
1% O2:
a. How many parts per million of O2 are there in the gas?
b. What is the composition of the gas on an N2-free basis?

a ooimo 이 oz
10 H ppm 답
1 mo 이 Jas

mo 이 efraction
bSo 3
:
55 m 이 93 .
22 %

SO : 3m 이 5 08 %
.

답
O : 1 m이 1 . 69 %

5am 이
100 %
2.9.12 The heat capacity Cp of acetic acid in J/[(g mol)(K)] can be calculated from the equation

where T is in kelvin. Convert the equation so that T can be introduced into the equation in
degrees Rankine instead of kelvin. Keep the units of Cp the same.
XK
(
0

CP = 8 . 41 + 2 4346 × 1 O
.
-
5
T ( K) X Converson facton )
. . 00 R
5 -
491 67 ) + 273 15
K =
q(R .

/( 5] B
T
/ 않야
-

8 41 + 24346×
273 KI
X
o- a1 . 6 7 ) + 4 67 J1gm 이 R 답
51R
F
0
1 X
5

.
4
~ →
동m 이
.
2.11.2 A problem with concrete wastewater treatment tanks set belowground was realized
when the water table rose and an empty tank floated out of the ground. This buoyancy problem
was overcome by installing a check valve in the wall of the tank so that if the water table rose
high enough to float the tank, it would fill with water. If the density of concrete is 2080 kg/m3,
determine the maximum height at which the valve should be installed to prevent a buoyant
force from raising a rectangular tank with inside dimensions of 30 m by 27 m that is 5 m deep.
The walls and floor have a uniform thickness of 200 mm.
I 올라온만큼 눌러줘야한다 -

7 삶게
%
스
U
,
콘크리트 O 2080 kJ 1 m 3

R ㅡ
27 cm

지하수
,
.
-

12mm
-

30 cm ㅡ

9양 ( nto 2m
이대 '
08 )
=20384 ( ht 02)
.

/
Pa
3
머
m

20384 ( h+ o )= 10135 2

hHo 2 =
49 n
h =
4 9 대 ( m) 답
.
2.11.6 The floor of a cylindrical water tank was distorted into 7 in. bulges because of the settling
of improperly stabilized soil under the tank floor. However, several consulting engineers restored
the damaged tank to use by placing plastic skirts around the bottom of the tank wall and
devising an air flotation system to move it to an adjacent location. The tank was 30.5 m in
diameter and 13.1 m deep. The top, bottom, and sides of the tank were made of 9.35-mm-thick
welded steel sheets. The density of the steel is 7.86 g/cm3.
a. What was the gauge pressure in kilopascals of the water at the bottom of the tank when it
was completely full of water?
b. What would the air pressure have to be in kilopascals beneath the empty tank in order to just
raise it up for movement?
a

1000 .
,
- ( 131 - .00935 )
0

pa
, 1282응87 국에 p
이염응응
m 의
암
100 이K
b. What would the air pressure have to be in kilopascals beneath the empty tank in order to
just raise it up for movement?

b .
= *
F
=
* 킨
)( ( 131 00935 )
7
U =( 5
.2 ㆍ 시 3. 1

- ( 5 25.
-

0 .
0093 ㆍ × -
0 .
= 8 56 m 3

7 . 62
-
.

→ KJ
100 cm ' 98 /
1 . 56 m 3 ( ) m
/ )-
1429640 K2 m / s /N )

cmp ImlB s> 1000 f

원
A (I 25 730 62 m
)
=
5
. π =
.
2

142964
P =

음 0. 62=
19 ㆍ 6 pa → 1
. 956 Kpa 답