CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr./ Mrs. BOYA KAMALAKAR, bearing Hall Ticket
No.1251-22-672-153 has successfully, Completed the Business Intelligence Lab
on partial fulfillment of requirements for M.B.A IInd Year IV Semester during the
Academic Year 2022-2024.

Signature of Internal Examiner

Signature of External Examiner

Contents
Introducing Power BI ...............................................................................................................................
Parts of Power BI ..................................................................................................................................
The flow of work in Power BI...............................................................................................................
Power BI Desktop: ...................................................................................................................................
Power BI Desktop Interface: The Report has five main areas ................................................................
Querying Data from CSV .........................................................................................................................
Query Editor .........................................................................................................................................
Exercise 1: Get Started with Query Editor.............................................................................................
Exercise 2: Connecting the data from the Excel Source .........................................................................
Interface of Query Editor ......................................................................................................................
Exercise 3: Clean, Transform the data (Removing Nulls) ......................................................................
Calculated Measures Using DAX .............................................................................................................
Exercise 4: Creating of the Measures using DAX..................................................................................
Exercise 5: Change the format of the Measures .....................................................................................
Creating Reports & Visualizations ............................................................................................................
Exercise 6: Creating your first visualization (Completion % of All Goals) Gauge Chart ........................
Exercise 7: Importing a Theme to a Power BI Desktop File ..................................................................
Exercise 8: Changing the Color of the Gauge ........................................................................................
Exercise 9: Changing the Title of the Gauge Chart ................................................................................
Exercise 9: Creating the Stacked Column Chart ....................................................................................

Introducing Power BI
Power BI is a suite of business analytics tools which connects to different data sources to analyze data and share
insights throughout your organization.

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Parts of Power BI
There are 3 Parts of Power BI.
1. Power BI Desktop
2. Power BI Service
3. Power BI Mobile

Power BI Desktop: It is a Windows desktop application (Report Authoring Tool) which Lets you build queries,
models and reports that visualize data.

Power BI Service: Power BI Service is cloud based Software as Service Application which allows us to create
dashboards, Setup schedule data refreshes, Share the reports securely in the organization.

Power BI Mobile: It is an application (App) on mobile devices which allows you to interact with the reports and
dashboard from Power BI Service.
The flow of work in Power BI
A common flow of work in Power BI begins in Power BI Desktop, where a report is created. That report is then
published to the Power BI service, and then shared so users of Power BI Mobile apps can consume the
information.

It doesn’t always happen that way, and that’s okay, but we’ll use that flow to help you learn the various parts of
Power BI, and how they complement one another.

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Power BI Desktop:
Power BI Desktop is report authoring tool that allows you to create reports, queries, Extract Transform and Load
the data from data sources and model the queries.
Power BI Desktop Interface: The Report has five main areas:
1. Ribbon: The Ribbon displays common tasks associated with reports and visualizations;
2. Pages: The Pages tab area along the bottom allows you to select or add a report page;
3. Visualizations: The Visualizations pane allows you to change visualizations, customize colors or axes,
apply filters, drag fields, and more;
4. Fields: The Fields pane, allows you to drag and drop query elements and filters onto the Report view, or
drag to the Filters area of the Visualizations pane;
5. Views Pane: There are three types of views in the views pane
▪ Reports View – allows you to create any number of report pages with visualizations.
▪ Data View – allows you to inspect, explore, and understand data in your Power BI Desktop model.
▪ Relationship or Model view – allows you to show all of the tables, columns, and relationships in your
model.

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Querying Data from CSV

Query Editor
You can import and clean data from Oracle while working in Power BI.
Query Editor, allows you to connect to one or many data sources, shape and transform the data to meet your
business needs, then load the queries into the model into Power BI Desktop
This below step provides an overview of the work with data as well as connecting to data sources, shaping the data
in Query Editor

Exercise 1: Get Started with Query Editor

1. To get to Query Editor, select Edit Queries from the Home tab of Power BI Desktop.

2. Click on the drop down of the Edit Queries on the bottom right corner, click on Edit Queries

Note: With no data connections, Query Editor appears as a blank pane, ready for data.

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Below image shows the interface of the Query Editor
Exercise 2: Connecting the data from the Excel Source
3. From Home tab > New Source > Choose Excel

4. Navigate to the Strategic Plan and Dashboard Folder and Choose

PowerBITraining_StrategicPlanDashboard_Input_Template Excel File

5. Click on Open ( ) at the bottom of the screen

You can see a navigator screen to select the sheets on the Excel Workbook. In our case, we have one sheet named
as Input

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6. Select Input sheet from the available list

7. Click OK ( )at the bottom of the screen

Interface of Query Editor
Query Editor consists of 4 Parts
1. Query Ribbon
2. Left Pane

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 3. Center (Data) Pane
4. Query Settings

The Query Ribbon

The Ribbon in Query Editor consists of four tabs
▪ Home
▪ Transform
▪ Add Column ▪ View
Home Tab: The Home tab contains the common query tasks, including the first step in any query, which is Get
Data.

Transform: The Transform tab provides access to common data transformation tasks, such as adding or
removing columns, changing data types, splitting columns, and other data-driven tasks.

Add Column: The Add Column tab provides additional tasks associated with adding a column, formatting
column data, and adding custom columns. The following image shows the Add Column tab.

View Tab: The View tab on the ribbon is used to toggle whether certain panes or windows are displayed. It’s also
used to display the Advanced Editor. The following image shows the View tab.

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The center (data) pane:
In the Center pane, or Data pane, data from the selected query is displayed. This is where much of the work of
the Query view is accomplished.

The Query settings pane:

The Query Settings pane is where all steps associated with a query are displayed.

Exercise 3: Clean, Transform the data (Removing Nulls)

Removing the unwanted rows in the query.

8. Home Tab > Reduce Rows section > Remove Rows > Remove Blank Rows

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Notice that null records are eliminated, and new steps is added for the transformation you applied to the query in
the query settings pane of the selected query.

Note: Each step, you do in the Query Editor is recorded in Applied Steps of Query Settings pane.

9. From Home Ribbon > Click on Close & Apply

Note: After Close & Apply the query is added to the model for report development.

Calculated Measures Using DAX

In general, Measures are used to calculate aggregates, such as the sum or average of a column. Measures are
calculated at the time of your query, which means that they aren't stored in your database, but use
processing power to execute a query at the time of your request.

Exercise 4: Creating of the Measures using DAX

10. Be on the Report view, From the Fields Pane, click on the Ellipses (More options) of the Input Query, Click
on New Measure.

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11. In the Expression Bar, Type in
Overall Completion% = sum (Input [Completion%]) /(COUNTROWS(Input)*100)

12. Click on Commit to validate the Expression

Note: After you commit, if there are any errors in the expression, the expression will be highlighted with
red curly line.

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Exercise 5: Change the format of the Measures
13. Expand Input query under Fields pane, Select Overall Completion %, and from the Modeling ribbon, Click on
the Format under the formatting section and select Percentage.

Creating Reports & Visualizations

Exercise 6: Creating your first visualization (Completion % of All Goals) Gauge Chart
14. Click on Visualizations Pane and Click on Gauge Chart

Note: Make sure the Visualization is selected before dropping the fields.

15. Expand Input Query, Drag Overall Completion% to the Value section of the Fields pane of the gauge Visual

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Exercise 7: Importing a Theme to a Power BI Desktop File.

With Report Themes you can apply design changes to your entire report, such as using corporate colors,
changing icon sets, or applying new default visual formatting. When you apply a Report Theme, all visuals in
your report use the colors and formatting from your selected theme.
16. From the Home Ribbon of the Report view, click on the drop down of the Switch Theme under Themes
section and select Import from the file. Drag Overall Completion% to the Value section of the Fields pane of
the gauge Visual

A window appears that lets you browse to the location of the JSON theme file
17. Navigate to the Strategic Plan and Dashboard folder o the Desktop and select Power BI Color Theme.Json file

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18. Click on Open ( ) at the bottom of the screen

You will get a success message once the theme is imported successfully.
Exercise 8: Changing the Color of the Gauge.

19. Select the Gauge Chart and Click on the Format of the Gauge Chart, Expand Data Colors properties,
click on the drop down of Fill property and select light blue color

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After the changing the color the gauge chart looks like the one below.

20. Click on the drop down of Target property and select Black color.

Exercise 9: Changing the Title of the Gauge Chart.

21. Expand the title property of the Gauge chart, Change the title text to “Completion% of All 4 Goals”.

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We are done with our first visualization. We will create few more visualizations.
Exercise 9: Creating the Stacked Column Chart.
22. Click anywhere on the Canvas other than the visuals, select Stacked Column Chart and bring the visual next to
the Donut Chart.

23. Expand Input, Drag Overall Completion% to the Value section, Goal Detail to the Legend, Goal to the Axis
of the Fields pane of the Stacked Column Visual.

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24. Expand Y Axis property, In the End Box, Type in 1

25. Turn on the Data Labels Property.

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 INTRODUCTION TO TABLEAU AND INSTALLATION

Tableau is a powerful data visualization tool developed by Salesforce. It has a vast number of extensible files
which helps in making the data to be visualized easily either in the form of pdf, word, excel, JSON, SQL,
statistical file and many more. It supports more than 50 +file formats.

TYPES OF TABLEAU PRODUCTS

Tableau Desktop: Desktop product is used to create optimized queries out from pictures of data. Once
the queries are ready, you can perform those queries without the need to code. Tableau desktop
encompasses data from various sources into its data engine and creates an interactive dashboard.

Tableau Server: When you have published dashboards using Tableau Desktop, Tableau servers help in
sharing them throughout the organization. It is an enterprise-level feature that is installed on a Windows
or Linux server.

Tableau Reader: Tableau Reader is a free feature available on Desktop that lets you open and views
data visualizations. You can filter or drill down the data but restricts editing any formulas or performing
any kind of actions on it. It is also used to extract connection files.

Tableau Online: Tableau online is also a paid feature but doesn’t need exclusive installation. It comes
with the software and is used to share the published dashboards anywhere and everywhere.

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 Tableau Public: Tableau public is yet another free feature to view your data visualizations by saving
them as worksheets or workbooks on Tableau Server.

Tableau is a data visualization tool that provides pictorial and graphical representations of data. It is used
for data analytics and business intelligence. Tableau provides limitless data exploration without
interrupting flow of analysis. With an intuitive drag and drop interface, user can uncover hidden insights
in data and make smarter decisions faster.
Tableau can be downloaded from the following website:

https://www.tableau.com/products/public/download after downloading,

the following is the screen appears.

Click the licence agreement checkbox and then click on install button. After installation, click on Tableau
Public icon to run Tableau. Following is the Tableau Public home screen.

Tableau Terminology

To walk through some of the most important Tableau terminology, we will use the following key followed
by names and definitions:

1. Data Sources: Displays all of the data connections in the workbook. Note that only one data connection
(Sample – Superstore) is being displayed in this example, but you can connect to more than one data
source at a time.

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2. Dimensions area of the Data pane: A list of all of the fields in the data source classified as dimensions.
3. Measures area of the Data pane: A list of all the fields in the data source classified as measures.
4. Sets area of the Data pane: If the data source you are using contains at least one set, or if you have created
one or more sets, they will show up here.
5. Parameters area of the Data pane: If the workbook you are using contains at least one parameter, or if
you have created one or more parameters, they will show up here.
6. Pages Shelf: The Pages Shelf allows you to “flip” through a “page” for each dimension member and/or
add animation to a view. For example, you can put a dimension for Month of Order Date onto the Pages
Shelf and have the view rotate through one month of data at a time.
7. Filters Shelf: Any dimension or measure that you filter a view by will be displayed here.
8. Marks Card (Marks Shelf): Each square in this area is called a Marks Card, which are called that because
they influence the marks on the view. Each Marks Card resides on the Marks Shelf. Note that depending
on the chart type you are creating, additional cards will show up, such as for Shape or Path.
9. Legend: There are several different legends that will appear here to show how the marks are encoded,
including Color (pictured), Size, and Shape.
10. Columns Shelf: Fields placed here will create columns on the view.
11. Rows Shelf: Fields placed here will create rows on the view.
12. Worksheet/View: Each tab in a Tableau workbook is called a worksheet and the area that displays a data
visualization is a view.
13. “Pill”: The slang term for fields being used on a worksheet. This term is used due to the oblong shape
dimensions and measures inherit once they are placed on a shelf or Marks Card.
14. Mark: Each data point on the view.
15. Show Me (not pictured): When you click Show Me in the upper-right corner of the authoring interface,
you will see thumbnails for 24 different chart types. If you are using a combination of dimensions and
measures required to create each respective chart, the thumbnail will be in color; otherwise it will be
grayed out. Clicking a full-color thumbnail will draw that visualization with the combination of fields
you are using. Show Me provides a nice shortcut to creating several useful chart types, but this book will
primarily focus on creating charts manually.

Connecting to Data and preparing data for visualization in Tableau

Tableau supports connecting to a wide variety of data, stored in a variety of places. For example,
data might be stored on computer in a spread sheet or a text file, or in a big data, relational, or cube
(multidimensional) database on a server in enterprise or the data can be from a public domain available on
the web.

Data can be imported in Tableau Public from Connect panel on left side. For example, an Excel sample
data set was loaded into Tableau as follows:

After clicking on open, screen is as follows:

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The data store page appears as above. The left pan shows that above dataset consists of 3 worksheets. If
we drag orders table, screen appears as follows: Tableau automatically identifies the data type of each
column.

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Now drag Returns table onto the Canvas to the right of Orders table. This shows the relation between the
two tables Orders and Returns.

If we click on the link between Orders and Returns table names at the top gives the summary of the
relationship between the tables. Now rename the data store and click on Sheet1 at the bottom left to proceed.
This step creates a data extract which improves query performance.

: Data Aggregation and statistical functions

We can apply various aggregation and statistical functions on data such as count, minimum, maximum,
standard deviation, variance etc. This is shown below. This can be done by right clicking on the required
field of dataset, click on Default properties and click on aggregation.

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Or the above operation can be done by creating a calculated field as shown below. To create a calculated
field, click on the down arrow button beside search tab above Tables panel, drag a field to that calculated
field window.

Data Visualization

We can perform various visualization operations on data in Tableau. Some of them are bar cart, histogram,
bubble chart, gantt chart, scatter plot, heat map etc.

Bar chart:

Bar charts can be created in 3 variations in Tableau: Horizontal bars, stacked bars, side-by-side bars.

Horizontal bars can be created by selecting that type of chart from Show Me menu on right hand side of
Canvas. The type of chart in box on right hand side represents horizontal bar graph.

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In similar to above, stacked bar graph can be created and the result is shown below.

Side-by-side bar chart can be created in following way.

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Discrete line graph is shown below:

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Bubble chart:

Heat map:

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Dashboards

A dashboard is a way of displaying various types of visual data in one place. Usually, a dashboard
is intended to convey different, but related information in an easy-to-digest form. And oftentimes, this
includes things like key performance indicators (KPI)s or other important business metrics that
stakeholders need to see and understand at a glance.

Dashboards are useful across different industries and verticals because they’re highly customizable.
They can include data of all sorts with varying date ranges to help you understand: what happened,
why it happened, what may happen, and what action should be taken.

For example, category of sales across months in a year, region is the field added. The first view is shown
below. This can be renamed at the bottom of the screen.

Now go to 2nd sheet for creating the 2nd view. The second view is shown below. A bubble chart was drawn
between profit and subcategory. Then rename the sheet.

Next 3rd view is created as follows for profit for each subcategory in the category with averages.

After creating individual views, now a Dashboard can be created by clicking on create dashboard at
the toolbar.

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 after clicking on new dashboard option, the screen is shown below.

now the
sheets or views which are created earlier can be drag and dropped on this dashboard. The above three
created views are placed in the dashboard as follows. One can follow their own way of importing sheets
on the dashboard. After creating dahsboard, title can be given to the dashboard from Dashboard tab.
Dahsboard can be customized in terms of its appearance by the user if required. Dashboard once created
can be saved on users system and can be retrieved whenever required.

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 INTRODUCTION TO STORYTELLING
In Tableau, a story is a sequence of visualizations that work together to convey information. You can create
stories to tell a data narrative, provide context, demonstrate how decisions relate to outcomes, or to simply
make a compelling case.

A story is a sheet, so the methods you use to create, name, and manage worksheets and dashboards also apply
to stories (for more details, see Workbooks and Sheets). At the same time, a story is also a collection of
sheets, arranged in a sequence. Each individual sheet in a story is called a story point.

When you share a story —for example, by publishing a workbook to Tableau Public, Tableau Server, or
Tableau Cloud—users can interact with the story to reveal new findings or ask new questions of the data.

So how exactly do you tell a data-driven “story”? I fear that storytelling in the context of data visualization
has become a bit of a buzzword. What’s worse is the concept is often mentioned without practical examples
of how you can apply storytelling techniques to data visualization. This section offers an introduction to
storytelling and aims at providing several tangible tips for incorporating storytelling techniques into your
data visualization. If the INSIGHT strategy described in Part IV is the key to taking your work from good to
great; storytelling is the key to taking your data visualization from great to actionable: the “Holy Grail” of
the profession.

Storytelling has been used in every culture as a means of engaging audiences and communicating everything
from entertainment to moral values. Stories work because humans are wired to retain stories; not independent
facts or statistics. In fact, after a presentation, 63% of attendees remember the stories presented, while just
5% of attendees remember the individual statistics.1 This is particularly relevant to data, where business
insights risk being lost amid a deluge of increasingly large sets of numbers. Think about what you remember
after seeing an effective data visualization compared to a raw spreadsheet of numbers. The difference is
inherent storytelling at work.
The parallels between data visualization and storytelling are undeniable. Much like stories, data storytelling
includes three critical elements:

1. Characters
2. Plot or storylines
3. Narrative

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With data, KPIs and contextual metrics can be considered the characters, storylines can be considered the
insights, and the narrative is data visualization—or the style in which the insights are being communicated.
Data visualization practitioners have a lot of say with all three elements of data storytelling:
your strategy informs the KPIs that are being used to answer the business questions at hand; your ability as
an analyst helps unearth the insights from the data; and the style in which you communicate those insights
goes a long way in determining if your visualization will be actionable and cause a change.

How to create story telling in Tableau?

1. Create a story point.

2. Explore layout options.
3. Format a story.
4. Resize captions (Tableau Desktop only)
5. Fit a dashboard to a story.
6. Format a story's shading, title, and text objects (Tableau Desktop only)
7. Clear all formatting (Tableau Desktop only)
8. Delete a story point.

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Present your story
1. In Tableau Desktop, click the Presentation Mode button on the toolbar. Or, publish the story to
Tableau Cloud or Tableau Server, and click the Full Screen button in the upper-right corner of the
browser.

2. To step through your story, click the arrow to the right of the story points. Or, in Tableau Desktop,
use the arrow keys on your keyboard.

3. To exit Presentation or Full Screen mode, press Esc.

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 PRACTICAL SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1 ) Create a simple table in Power BI desktop and visualize the data with the help of

Pie chart?

2 ) Briefly explain various data aggregation and statistical functions used in Tableau?

3) Explain how you would tailor your dashboard for different audiences (e.g.,

management vs. sales team) to emphasize relevant insights for each group using Tableau.

4 ) Show the refresh option and various types of refresh options provided in Power BI.

5) Create a bar chart to visualize total sales by product category. Explore sorting options to

highlight top-selling categories using Tableau

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