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String Waves

11

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Gaurav Kumar
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20 views3 pages

String Waves

11

Uploaded by

Gaurav Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLEAR EXAI ENGINEERING | MEDICAL | FOUNDATION GENERAL EQUATION OF WAVE MOTION : at? ox? vout)= F(t 7) where, y (x, t) should be finite everywhere. x is > f (: + *) represents wave travelling in — ve x-axis. v x . i > f (-2 represents wave travelling in + ve x-axis. y =Asin (wt + kx + 6) TERMS RELATED TO WAVE MOTION (FOR 1-D PROGRESSIVE SINE WAVE) (e) Wave number (or propagation constant) (k) : k= 2n/h= ° (rad m”) (f) Phase of wave : The argument of harmonic function (wt + kx + 4) is called phase of the wave. Phase difference (Ad) : difference in phases of two particles at any time t. 2 Ab= = AK Also. Ag= = at SPEED OF TRANSVERSE WAVE ALONG A STRING/WIRE. T T = Tension H where 4 =mass per unit length POWER TRANSMITTED ALONG THE STRING BY ASINE WAVE Average Power (P) = 2n? AZ pv ve (P) Intensity I= y = 2n°f*A*pv REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF WAVES. y, = A\sin (wt — k,x) Yt =A Sin (wt —k x) y, =~ A, sin (ot +k,x) if incident from rarer to denser medium (v, v,) The quantity 2A cos (1 + 4 } represents resultant amplitude at x. At some position resultant amplitude is zero these are called nodes. At some positions resultant amplitude is 2A, these are called antin- odes. . . a (c) Distance between successive nodes or antinodes = a (d) Distance between successive nodes and antinodes = 2/4. (e) All the particles in same segment (portion between two successive nodes) vibrate in same phase. (f) The particles in two consecutive segments vibrate in opposite phase. (g) Since nodes are permanently at rest so energy can not be trans- mitted across these. VIBRATIONS OF STRINGS ( STANDING WAVE) (a) Fixed at both ends : 1. Fixed ends will be nodes. So waves for which 2, =| Bel hed L= or n= 2 where n=1, 2,3, .. 2 n on |T as = no. of loops CLEA EWOINEERING | MEDICAL | FOUNDATION (b) String free at one end : 1. for fundamental mode L = ; = ork =4b — fundamental mode 3a 4L a Hence a= 3 > e< first overtone T u (First overtone) 5 [Tt Second overtone f, = ay First overtone L [ra] sof,= 2s [Tae T u 2 4t Vp

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