CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

Methods

Quantitative method will be used in this study to measure the skill competencies of

BSBA Alumni that undergone On-The-Job Training to assess their industry readiness during

pandemic. Quantitative method is the collection and analysis of numerical data. It is used to

identify patterns and trends, make forecasts, evaluate causal linkages, and extrapolate findings to

larger populations (Bhandari, 2023). It focuses on quantitative indicators and the mathematical,

numerical, or statistical evaluation of data obtained by polls, questionnaires, and surveys, as well

as the manipulation of previous statistical information using computing tools.

Research Design

The study that will be conducted is a descriptive research design. According to

McCombes (2023), descriptive research seeks to accurately and methodically describe a

population, circumstance, or phenomenon. It can respond to what, where, when, and how

inquiries, but it cannot answer why. It emphasizes the variables that are being measured in

mathematical, numerical, or statistical evaluation. The researchers will be using this research

design since it is appropriate in assessing the skill competencies that the alumni have gained

throughout their OJT Program in order to evaluate their readiness for work.
Participants of the study

The participants of this study will be the BSBA graduates of Meycauayan College during

the pandemic —alumni batch of 2020 to 2022. The researchers will be choosing the respondents

in order to determine whether the pandemic affected their employment preparedness. This study

employed total enumeration as the sampling technique for our research study, guaranteeing the

inclusion of every participant from the target population.

Research Instrument and Validation

This study will employ a self-made questionnaire to be validated by experts in gathering

data to determine the industry preparedness of the BSBA graduates based on their skill

competency. The first part will gather the graduates' demographic information, including their

gender, their major field of specialization, and their level of acquired skill competency. The

second part will assess the significant difference among the level of competencies of male and

female respondents and the significant difference in the level of competencies of the students

grouped according to their field of specialization. Lastly, the third part will assess the implication

of the results of the study on the industry-readiness of the students after OJT completion during

the pandemic, and the method to treat the data statistically will be Likert Scale by Renesis Likert.

The researcher will be using questionnaires in the form of e-questionnaires (Google

Form), as the respondents are out of reach of the respondents in a face-to-face format.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers first asked the Dean of the Area of Business Administration for the

proposal letter to be submitted to the Records Management Office asking for the complete list of
graduates from the Area of Business Administration, in order for the researchers to identify the

names of those to be given questionnaires to.

After acquiring the list of graduates of Batch 2019-2020, Batch 2020-2021, and Batch

2021-2022, the researchers then asked their Area Dean and Research Adviser/Professor for the

Letter of Approval in conducting the data gathering itself. The letter is essential in formality and

it was presented to the respondents before answering their questionnaires.

The researchers gave the questionnaires to the respondents in the form of an

e-questionnaire or an electronically generated questionnaire (Google Form). Given that the

graduates are inaccessible to the researchers within the college campus, the researchers

personally messaged the guidelines to answering the questionnaire and the access link to the

respondents after they were approved, and the researchers assure that all information given is

treated with utmost confidentiality. The questionnaire was tallied, given statistical treatment,

analyzed, and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment of Data

In order to analyze the data gathered for the profile and level of competencies of the

respondents, mean, frequency and standard deviation are to be used.

Mean

The mean will be used to analyze the skill competency to their On-the-Job training of the

participants. Computation is the sum of the values in a set divided by the total number of

values in the set.

Formula for weighted mean:

x̄ = sample mean

∑ x = sum of measurements

n = sample size

Frequency

Frequency is the quality of events in a specific length of time. By dividing the total

number of events by the total time between the events.

f = frequency, the cycles in a unit of time

T = period, the time required for one cycle

N = a number of cycles

t = an amount of time

Standard Deviation

The standard deviation, which can be computed as the square root of the variance, is a

statistic that expresses how dispersed a dataset is in relation to its mean. By calculating

the deviation of each data point from the mean, the standard deviation can be computed

as the square root of variance.

 Formula of Standard Deviation:

σ = the standard deviance

μ = the mean of all the values

xᵢ = the individual x values

x = a value in the data set

N = the number of data points

i = all the values from 1 to N

In analyzing the significant difference among the levels of competencies of male and

female respondents Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is to be utilized.

ANOVA

ANOVA yields an F-statistic, By comparing within-group variability to between-group

variability. The F-statistic indicates significant differences between group means if it is

greater than a certain value.

F = is the variance ratio for the overall test,

MST = is the mean square due to treatments/groups (between groups),

 MSE = is the mean square due to error (within groups, residual mean square),

Yij = is an observation,

Ti = is a group total,

G = is the grand total of all observations,

ni = is the number in group

i and n = is the total number of observations.

In analyzing the data gathered in significant difference on the level of competencies of

the students when grouped according to their major field of specialization T-test is to be utilized.

T-Test

A statistical treatment to be used to ascertain whether there is a significant difference

between the means of two variables. Will be used to measure the significant relationship

between the skills competency and On-the-Job training.

The following scales were used to determine the respondents:

Where; x1 is the mean of sample 1

s1 is the standard deviation of sample 1

n1 is the sample size of sample 1

x2 is the mean of sample 2

s2 is the standard deviation of sample 2

n2 is the sample size in sample 2

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