RAISE ORGANIC HOGS

Terms in Hog Raising  The use of artificial insemination techniques is allowed. But shall
not use segregated, separated or modified sperm.
 Sow – Female pig that had litter
 Breeding techniques that embryo transfer, genetic engineering,
 Boar – A mature male pig used for breeding
treatments with reproductive hormones and semen sexing are
 Gilt – A young mature female pig not allowed.

 Piglet – A baby pig  The use of genetically engineered species or breeds is not
allowed.
 Barrow – Castrated male pig

 Weaning – Act of separating piglets from the sow

BREEDS OF PIGS
 Farrowing – Act of giving birth on pig

 Heat/Estrus – A time when gilt/pig is receptive to the boar

Animal Nutrition
 Pig – Common name
 The diet shall be offered to the animals in a form allowing them
 Swine – Breeding execute their natural feeding behavior.
 Hog – Fattening  Supplementation of vitamins and minerals is allowed for as long
as these are obtained from natural resources.

Conversion Period  Giving due consideration to the low availability of organic feed,
the following proportion of feed ration could be used:
 Swine should be organically reared at least 120 days before
slaughter.

Breeds and Breeding Week 1 50% non-organic feed, 50% organic feed

 Breeding goals are such that animal diversity should be Week 2 30% non-organic feed, 70% organic feed
maintained. Indigenous or native breeds should be preserve and Week 3 10% non-organic feed, 90% organic feed
promoted.
Week 4 onwards 100% organic feed
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Manage Waste Disposal  Well-placed feet and legs. Medium short feet and short upright
pasterns are preferable
 Manure – use as fertilizer
 Select the biggest among the litter
 Dead animals – burning or deep burying
 Having a litter of 8 or more good sized piglets with high
 Environmental compliance and municipal ordinance
survivability is a good female breeder
Identifying Good Breeders ( Boars)
 Well- developed vulva
 No deformities
 Vulva slightly pointed downward
 Most Vigorous

 Well-developed sex organs

What are the Good Stock Qualities of Piglets
 Equal- sized testicles
 Rounded body
 Well- developed ham, loin and shoulder
 Alert and Lively
 Biggest among the boars
 No deformities
 Boar must be at least 8 months old at first service.
 Bright eyes

 Do not scours or have any disease

Identifying Good Breeders ( Gilts/Sow)
 No rancid smell
 Young female swine should have a minimum of 6 pair of well-
 Short and Shiny hairs
developed and properly spaced function teats

 Long- bodied sows are desirable because of the more space

created for udder development Signs of In- Heat

 Well-developed ham,loin and shoulder  Grunting and mounting of the hogs

 Loss of appetite
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 Swelling and reddening of vulva • The sow or gilt will stand still when pressure is applied to her
back ( can accept a man’s weight sitting on her. Thus the right
 Erect ears
stage to send her to the boar )
 Appearance of mucous discharge from the vulva

 Frequent attempt to urinate with little or no discharge at all

3rd stage : Post estrus- period signs
3 STAGES OF FERTILITY OF SOW OR GILT

 PRE-HEAT
• The sow/gilt will not stand still when pressure is applied to her
 STANDING HEAT back

 POST HEAT • The swelling of the vulva disappears

Heat stages of hogs

• 1st stage: Early heat signs general How to induce heat to sows/gilts

Restlessness  Gently stroke sow’s vagina with a freshly cut papaya stalk every
morning for 3-5 days
• Vulva turns red and is swollen
 Spray the sow’s ( or gilt’s) pen with boar urine every morning for
• White mucus discharge 3-5 days

 Bring the sow to the boar, or place the sow in a pen next to the
2nd stage: Service period signs boar. Put the sow with the boar for a short period every day
when the heat is expected
Real Estrus lasts for 40- 60 hours

• Vulva becomes less red and swollen Slimy and mucus discharge
tendency to mount and be mounted by others. Breeding Practices

 Always take the sow to the boar. This is less upsetting for him

 Put the sow to the boar together just before feeding

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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 During her 24 hour pick heat period allow the boar to serve
twice, with an interval of about 12-14 hour intervals between
Natural • Owner actually • Limits the
services
Breeding sees the boar number of sows
 Do not mate animals during the hot time of day that are serviced
• Less laborious
 If the sow doesn’t conceive, she will return on heat again in • Occurrence of
• Less labor and
about 3 week’s time injuries
equipment cost
 10 days before service, give the sow/gilt 1-2 kg. of feed extra per During mating
day
• Increases sexually
 Continue this for one week after service transmitted

 During the last month of pregnancy, give 0.5 kg extra feed per • High
day but decrease this gradually one week before farrowing transportation
cost
 Provide plenty of water to help prevent congested got during
farrowing
Artificial • Increases • Laborious and
 Each boar should be kept in its own pen to avoid fighting. For Insemination number of sows requires
mating, the sow is taken to the boar that can be techniques
serviced
• High labor cost
• Eliminates
Different breeding systems and their advantages and • Expensive
injuries during
disadvantages (LABORATORY
mating
and equipment
 Natural Breeding – bringing the boar to the mate an in heat
• Reduces sexually
gilt/sow or vice versa and then separating the two after mating.
transmitted
This practice is termed as hand mating
diseases
 Artificial Insemination- Introduction of the sperm cell to the
• Less
female reproductive physical contact between the boar and
transportation
sow/gilt
cost
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Common farrowing problems  1 sack sieve sand

Dystocia  1 sack ordinary soil

Agalactiae  1 kilogram of salt

Mastitis  80ml IMO

Metritis  80ml LABS

Standard space requirement of pigs in the pig pen

Gestation Period  Average (standard) = 1.8 sqm

 Also known as pregnancy period  Practical = 2sqm/head

 It is the period the time of fertilization until farrowing Number of heads in pen x 2 = pen area

 It ranges from 110 to 118 days with an average of 114 days ( 3 Example: 5 heads x 2 = 10sqm
months, 3weeks and 3 days)

Piglet management at birth

Signs of Pregnancy
 Clean and drying
 Absence of Heat
 Cutting of umbilical cord (optional)
 Increase weight
 Cutting of needle teeth
 Enlargement of abdomen
 Weighing
 Development of mammary glands
 Provide brooders
Bedding Materials for odorless Pig pen
Advantages of Castration
(good for 3 heads) Every 2SQM (1 PIG)
 Reduces the boar odor from the animals
 8 sacks rice hull
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 Castrated pigs are easy to handle because they are more docile

 It facilitates collective management or mixing of sexes Feeds Requirement

 Prevents premature mating in mixed sex groups fattening hogs Age Weight Ratio Amount of
( weeks) ( kg) feed
ANIMAL FEEDS AND FEEDINGS (kg/day)
 There are 5 main components in an animal feed: protein,
fats/lipid ,Carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. 1 1-5 klg Booster 0.1-0.3 kg

 Ratio of these main elements varies depending on the age of the

2-6 5-10 klg Pre-starter 0.3- 0.04 kg
animals.

Protein = 25% 6-10 10-20 klg Starter 0.5 - 1.25

kg
Lipids/Fats =8%

Carbohydrates =60% 10-16 20-35 klg Grower 1.25- 2.25

kg
Vitamins =2%

Minerals =5% 16 Market 60-100 klg Finisher 1.25- 3,0 kg

Nutrient sources

1. Protein -Animal, Plant sources, Fish meal.

2. Lipids /fats -Copra meal, Fish meal

3. Carbohydrates -Corn / Rice bran

4. Vitamins -FPJ, FFJ, FAA

5. Minerals -salt, CHR, soil