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COMPLETE COURSE
Electrical Machines
Basic Electrical Engineering
Lecture Series # 02 - DC Motor
Topic # Content Page No.

01 Working Principle of DC Motor 02

https://youtu.be/hVVCRq7IL9g

02 Torque Equation of DC Motor 07

https://youtu.be/Q5G4UvquF_s

03 Losses and Efficiency of DC Machine - Generator / Motor 12

https://youtu.be/DdJYCLaVNVU

04 Power Stages of DC Motor 16

https://youtu.be/aZglONfpFaQ

05 Solved Problems # 01 - Torque Equation of DC Motor 18

https://youtu.be/sMMMFqhqOMI

06 Solved Problems # 02 - Torque Equation of DC Motor 20

https://youtu.be/7SVUutPC09Y

07 Solved Problems # 03 - Torque Equation of DC Motor 22

https://youtu.be/6i9cuURm3bg

08 Solved Problems # 04 - Torque Equation of DC Motor 24

https://youtu.be/DHO_ZXx6AaY

09 Solved Problems – Efficiency of DC Motor 26

https://youtu.be/ZcFZCPhJGPk

10 Characteristics of DC Series Motor 28

https://youtu.be/DR5BGCm6Vto

11 Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor 32

https://youtu.be/qeLGDx4N0nM

12 Characteristics of DC Compound Motor 35

https://youtu.be/CVKD2mev6sk

13 Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor 38

https://youtu.be/kvWRuI6YOUI

14 Speed Control of DC Series Motor 44

https://youtu.be/8tdI-XOQkzA

15 Two Point Starter working Principle and Construction Details 47

https://youtu.be/es9GX8TVzjI

16 Three Point Starter working Principle and Construction Details 52

https://youtu.be/m2pOdcv9t94
Four Point Starter working Principle and Construction Details
17 56
https://youtu.be/v5Bc3NzopAQ
 SP Engg. Academy

Working Principle of DC Motor

https://youtu.be/hVVCRq7IL9g

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Prina ple of Opemion o Dc Motor
De Motor is a deie whiek Converts
elecicd enea in-+ mechanical enert
when a CATTeat Carring Condnctor pleeed
ina maganetie bield, enperience a mechanical bore
whi tends to 7otate +Re armartwre, wkere olitechon
and Re
given bj Flemings Lelt Rand e
magnide F BI newton,

lemings Lepe Hand Rale

9 SHates Ral sketch ou +Re +Rumb,

middleinger and inden Re e lt Rand in

inger of
Sueh a waRok +Rey ave right a to each ofter.
No i+Re middle inger indicates +Re
indicates Re
direction Currenk
o and
inden inger
dieion o magne tie tield, +Re +Re directon o
orce on Re +Rumb.
Condnctor u given by Re humb.
Magnehe Field
Core Anger)

Curren-
CMiddle Rge)

Motion of Conductor
CThumb
 S S

Reld magneBs are enited b a D SouTce and So

a magnehe ield u Pduced
T h e armatre winding u Connec+eltoa DC Supplt,
Ren Curent lowsRngh +Re Conduetors
Now we have a Curren Cavging Concluetors placed
in a mamete ield. Hene Rere Condlnctovs eaperents
a toree
T h e windings are Connect-ed Auch a wayRe
CondnctoYS Under N pole ave assumed to Cay
Current dounwaves ( x) and Rese Uneler S pole

Cary Curen upwards C).

The diTeetion
Borce on eacR Conducto7 a

aiven by Fleming': Lelt

Hand Rule
Thstorces Collectively prDdue a unidivechiona
+orqwe i
+orqe Causes t h i o n a+Re avmature
 *

F. .

Conshmetimally+Rere i no digRerene between a

geneatr and a De motor. Same machine Can be
interckangeably Used o a 2enemtoY OT A a motr

unttion o Commutator in motor Re 2ame a4

is
Ra ina aenetor, By reveT sing Currenl in eack
Condnctor os ik passes krom one pele to anotRer

itelps o develop a Continous and Onidivehiona

+orqul
Baek EMF (T) Counter GMF ( ¬b)
when aYmature o motor
mttes,+Re
CondlnetoYs alko t t e , and enca Cut Reun
and aan GMF inducad in +Re armetwe Conduetor
accord ing to Faradey's han Elecho magnetie duetion,

The direution o +Re back EME

given Fleming's Rig Hand
Re
T h e diveetion oß +Ris EMFu
in opposition to +Re pplied

VolHage (8 henz' Lan)

Becanse o i opposin diecion, ikua called os

Counter EMF or Back EmF Eb.
By ppiin KVL we aek,
Eb t T a Ra - V =Fo

V Eb+ Ta Ra Thi's u Called as Voltage

CAuahion o Motr.
 Eb: V- I. Ra

T V-E
Ra
Baclk EMF opposes +Re
applied Volt%ge. The applied
Vo ltge will Rave +o ovevcome Re
opposition oeved
by Re+Re balt EMF and horce Re amatre Current
into+Re arme+tre

V m u c be avge enougR to balana both Re

Vo l j e drop in Re armatnre Tesistante as uell as
bacleEME
The power Tequired to ovevtome Eb Ebla
Eb Eb
or : k¢N

Elo depend on N (Speed)

3R Speed u hig?, Eb is high, bu Ta is Sma

8 Speed i las, Eb à ass, bu Ta is igR

Eb acts a Gke a
gpYernor, k makes amoto
Sel reslating Ao Ro k draws A mueR
Current s necessaT
 SP Engg. Academy

Torque Equation of DC Motor

https://youtu.be/Q5G4UvquF_s

Video Lecture Link

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TorqueEquation o a Moter
Torque is Re
wicing oT turning momenk o
force abonl an anis
Se u e prdne of orce and Tadi e
wiR+Rs toree acts
F
Newton hek Re
Gorea of
F Mewon

( )Nps
aut ona palley oTadi

'rmeter and wtte aka

Speac o 'Nps
CRevoluhien er Second)
Torque *F N-m

woykdone workdone by orce in one revolutien

revolwtion

dworkdone : forcex distanu travelled: F * 27

Tevauhon 2rF
N Speed in tps
(ia) revution N
Seconel
woTkdone pev Setond : wJoykdone per Tevo lutions
Tevoluhion PeY Seuond

worlelone : 2 F N
Secon d

workdone 27 NT atts L: 7*F=:7{

Second
workdone/sec Power develeped 2N7 wets
P2NT N is in 3ps
2NT i Nis in pm

Amature Torque o a Motor (Ta)

Le T be Re torqe developed by amatwe
Toting Nps
Power devekrped in armature : 27NTa uss-O
Elecric esuivalent EbL wetks-O
echanical powey develrped,
On esuntHing egn O
ELTA27NTa -
we lenow Re
Eb PN *Z

Substitute R V«lue e b in eqn

EbIa : 2 N7

P z Ta
A

Pzla
Ta2 A

Ta 01sa ¢zPa. N-m

A
Note
Taking z, P, A to be Cong+an
Ta 4Ta
() For Seies motor
Ia Td Da
T Te. Ta

T
Cii) For Shune motor
u Constan
Ta Ta
(iti) om eu (iti)
Eb Ta 27N Ta
Ta:Eb Ta N ii
2N in ps

Ta bla N in pm
2TN

Ta :
N

Ta : . ss Eblan-m
N
 Shaft ToTque (Tsh)
A pat o Re amatme torqne is used to
Supply ivon and icion Lots and he Tema ining
available e Re Shato do uselwl worl
The torque evailable a Re Shapt + do Usel2
wwrle u C%lled as Shalk torqus (Tth)
Owkpu oRe motor ak Shat 2NTSh N-ps

Tsh Oukpuk of motor N-ps

2 N

SN in pm
Tsh Outpu of motor
2 N
60

Oup of meler
N

TSh 9.sS Dupuk

N

Note:
(Ta Tsh) is +Re lost torque and à due to Re
iren and rietion oss.
 SP Engg. Academy

Losses and Efficiency of DC Machine

- Generator / Motor
https://youtu.be/DdJYCLaVNVU

Video Lecture Link

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Losses and ¬icieny De Grenenr
The
elticieneg oa
mackine u Re i o
De
R e oupi to +Re inpuk
Egiiena ) Owt pu
Tnpw
The ole amoun o inpu eneratoa D
mahine is no available a Re ouwp becne
RVarios Lossesking place in R
makine dunng Re prote elechomeenicak
eneran Convevsim,
Tn pul- =
Owkput + Losseg

The
The loeseskkes place in a De makine ave
1. Copper LoSses
2. Iron locs eT) Core Loes T) Magnetic Loss
osS
3. Meanical Loss
4.Copper Lots
The lossaking plae dueo+Re Cvre
PeowingRrngR +Re windingl wRick u mede ot
Copper) ü Called as
Coppe Loss.
(a) Armature Coppe Lots -
22Ra
(b) Shunte pield Gppe hoss -

ISK Rsh
(e Senes bield Coppey Lots Ise Rse

2. Ton Loss (or) Maqn etie hoss

Cove Loss CoT)

oss and Eldy

These otses un clude Hteresis
Current ots
to Re o t i m t tR iron Cove
These a e due
4Re aYmeture in Re maqne tie un R
aimost Constant.
ild poles. These losses a r e
a)Hysteresis Loss (wR)
Thisdueto +Re Teversel magnetisaim
i
R e armature Core. Evem portion +Re tatinga
Core Passes Unde NS pole alternately, Rere
+Rereb
ataining S&N Polanty reApechively. The Core
Under goes One Com plee Cyle maagnehie nevetal
alter passing Under one pair poles
WR ) Man

(b) Eddy Currea Loss We)

when armature Core wtates, &uts +R
maqnetie eun. Henu an EmF u induced tRe in
Causes a Cuvren-to
bod
body Re Core, wRiR
Civculee in Re body o Re Core, wRik i Caled
as +Re eddy Curreat. Te oss due to R eo
+Ris Current u Called as eddy Cuweat los,
we k Bnan watts

3. Mechanizal Loss
(a)ieim Lo SS These Losses ave
(b Windage Loss amos Constan

Stray o s

The manetie and mecRanical Losses

loss.
tone+Rer ave Called aa
St
Maqnehic Loss Meamical Loss
Stray Lo tS :
 9.

Cons tant Loss

For Shun and Campound macRine heve Re
tield Current u Congthant, Re Shunte freld
Coppe ocs alko Constant
i
Thus +Re Stmy oss along wiR Shunt ield
Copper ots u Called as Con ctan or Stareling
Lots.
Constant loss 7
CoT)
Stmy Loss+ Shunt ield Goppe
Standing Loss Loss

Variabe Lots
As he load increases, +Re avmature Cune
Vanes. The aYmature Current
dependen
on R Load. Se Re aYmature Copper lots
Variea wi 4 Ra load. +Re avmanre Copper
los a Called aa Vanable Dos
Vanahe Loss A AYmatue Coppe Loss

T o t Loss = Cong tant Loss Vaiae Loss

To + LosS =
We+T Ra
 SP Engg. Academy

Power Stages of DC Motor

https://youtu.be/aZglONfpFaQ

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Power Stages ok a De Motor
The oses are lame on ral o GieneratoT.
Copper Lots (ii) Magnetic Loss Gii) Mechenical Loss
Condtion Gor manimum power
devekoped = Eb :

Condliton or manimum eGticiency

Armature Copper Locs = Constank Loss

Motor Power Motor

Tnpu Deieleped
io
Outpu

T
v.TL Avmatare Power
ETa
Rotehiona
Copper Loss
LoSS

Elecic Eieiency e
e &bla
V.I

(ii) Mechenica e giienc m

m Motor Owtpuk
Eb Ta

ii) overERgiciencg yo
Motor Outpuk Motor Outpu-
Motor Tnpa V.TL
 SP Engg. Academy

Solved Problems # 01
Torque Equation of DC Motor
https://youtu.be/sMMMFqhqOMI

Video Lecture Link

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DC Motor
ToTane -

Solved
#o Probems
A 2so, 4
pole WAve wound De senes motor
Ras 182 ConductoTS on U%
armatume. St
haA avmeture
and tield Tesistance oß o7s a ea, TRe
Series
moortakes a Curent o6 40A. Eshimate
and arph
Spea
aross torque dleveloped, Gt Ra a
laa) pole 25 mwb
Gven odata;
V 2So V P4 wave wound, A =2
Z 782 Ra: 0:7sn Rse: O
7s n
TL: 40A : 25 mwb : 2S xo wb
Sptd N: 7 Torqu T ?

Baclk EME Eb PoNx P >N: Eb x

6o xA
6o A
P cz
For Seres motor, Eb = V- Tal Rat+ Rse)
Ta se TL = 40 A
EbV-Ta(Rat Rse)
Eb 2 So-4o( o 7S +o.75)

Spead
N E b xbo x A 190 x 6o x 2 - 21
SS6 pm
PZ 4X 25Xio38
Armature Torqa
Ta O.1s ¢z Ta x P
A
Ta = O. I5Ax 2S Xib x 782 x 40 x 4

Ta 2 48. 676 N-m

 SP Engg. Academy

Solved Problems # 02
Torque Equation of DC Motor
https://youtu.be/7SVUutPC09Y

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De Moto7 - Torae - Solved ProWems + o2
Determine develped torane and Shaft torque o
220V, 4 pole 2ees motor wi+R 8oo Condluetovs,
wave Connected
Suppying a Load o8.2 kw by taking
45Arom mains. The r p e r pole u 25 mb and R
AYmature Teistance Ob
Given doata
V 22o V Power P: 8.2kw 8.2 Xlo
P:4 2 8oO
W
TL 4SA 25mwb: 2s XI
Ra+Rse O b n waYe Can ne cted A: 2
Te ? Tsh
For Seies Motor
Ta Ise : TL :
4S A
ATmatune Torqe
Ta :
o Is ¢z Ta P
A
Ta 0 .S x 25 Xiox 8oo x 4S :

Ta : 286-2 N- m
Shalt Torqe
Bacle EMF Eb PpN. Speed N Ebx6o*A
PZ
Eb V- Tal Re + Rse) = 220 - 4s (o4) 193V

N: Ebx 6o xA 113 xbo x2 289 S 3pm

Pz 4 x 2s XI5x 8oo

shat Torane: Tsh SS x Outp :

9SSx 8. 2 *1b :
270.S
N 289. Ss -m
 SP Engg. Academy

Solved Problems # 03
Torque Equation of DC Motor
https://youtu.be/6i9cuURm3bg

Video Lecture Link

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De. ~010-r - 1 o,e,~ - So)'leo\ 'P70~B ms # 03
A 4 pole 24,o V1 Wc..ve Co-nnec.-.fed S:\,,u"t mo·hrY 'a1v~
1, . 1~ KW ~(:.A') 'Ql,jt")Y) Jl')a aJ..- 1ooo a--rrf) 0-ri~ °'1r"'!,.J ,r)d
t~:<(Y)~+-t.-\"(e ~nol. ,€-,·~ Cu..r r~ D{ ~o A a.n~ 1 A
rreJ.>pec..+iv~~ . 3 \:- S- 40 u:>n~v.c¼YSi . ~ !:: .s ~
°'~ a{-
~M i.1-b.. nu. 1.1.
0 • l -'1.. . A~s.umi')cJ 1. v pe---r b..ush . -+;·"o\ (~J To+J ~\..l,

(b) U~e~ +o,~id (c) u.s4J ~"'- p~ pest, (cA) ~ -@frCAevi1r

Given ~-.111t :
P::. 4 'I-:. 24-0\/ 'Powe---< P-:. \\ . \0\ \<vJ =. \\ , '°' 'J.., 0
3
w
N: looo lf'"" 'A: S:o A I,"': \ A z. =- s40 RA..: o •I -n..
'I &.. : I "- :r ~ h :. ~0
-+ + \ ::. S' I A,
Vo I+«-[j e °"70p pe-r botA.t ~ :: 1 : . 'To~ 6')1,\J: h ~ ~ \J b : 2 \J
(e>..) To+.J +o~w . oT AYmA ~'1e +o,,-~""'-
Eb ~ V- 1-. RA - s"Yl;l,h ~""'1' : 2..40 - ~o XO•\ -2. = 2. 3~ ~
"""''
TA : e:, . .s~ Eb T"' : ~. s~ x 233 x so =
N looo

(.b) USe~ I O •~&.J OY s hA~ -+o-r4114L

TS h :. "I · S S' >< 0 CA.,... ::. q . S ~ x II · I 4' -x tt, :
3
1o b . 8 S" "' .. ,.,
tJ lc,oo -' --

(c) USefrJ ~" pe-y p&_

B"(.\( EMF Eb: P ♦ N >(. ~ =) 4=»: ebxb o )(A
E>o A P NZ
··. .J: lul\ ~ : £ b )( E,ox A :
p N :,.
233 ~ ,o l(2. : 1'2,e, )(lo
-3
"-'»
4- x,ooo><.Sl+o ~ 12•-t b
,..__,-, MW .....
,-,

(_d) E ~ ·'-it,,n '11

s, :
rnp&J-
e--.«-,·'-4~ :.
po~&T ' : V, 'I' L
OcJ,,p.J. ~ ,oo :
Tr.p~
: 2. 40 >(

\\ • I°I t I D
'2.2. lf-0
s --------
12.2. 40

JC I O o
w
; ~ I • 4.1 '/.
 SP Engg. Academy

Solved Problems # 04
Torque Equation of DC Motor
https://youtu.be/DHO_ZXx6AaY

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De MotoT Torae Solved Proleems + 04
-
-

A 4 pole 250V,
D Shun motor Kas a
lap
Connected armeture wi+R 6o Conductors, n
per
pole 2 x i0wb. Calculelz Ta and Tsh, When

Curentaken by moBor i 3o A. Ra: O:12n, K : 12Sn

Rotationel Loss 82s w.
Given data:
P 4 V-2sov z bo : 2x10wb
TL 3o A Ka: o12 R125n Rotetiom Doss 82sw
Ta:
?Tsh : ?
Lap Cannected, No. o Parallel pak AP
a Armeture torq Ta
For Shun moto, TA TL-Tsh TL Ve 30 25
28 A
-

Rsh 12S

Ta .Is pzTa.
8S.78
N-m
Cb) Sha Toe Tsh
EbV-Da Ra 2So 28 xo12 24,b4V
:

Also ¬b
P¢pN > Spead N Ebxbo *A
PZ
Spead N: Ebxbo x 246:4 * 60* : 770 pm
PZ
4x 2x o
EbTA Outpat powe ttion oases
Ontrpat power EbT- et*him osi
246 4 x 28 82S
2
Ontpa Puer: bo74. w

Shalt oTne Tsh 9.ss * Outpuk = 9. Ss x 6o742

N 770
Tsh 7S. 34 N-
 SP Engg. Academy

Solved Problems
Efficiency of DC Motor
https://youtu.be/ZcFZCPhJGPk

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De Motor - Eficieney Sved Poem
A 2 pole DC Shunt motor
kes
opemting rom 200V
Supply a Pu9 Doad Curren o 35A,+Re no
Joad Currene being 2 A. The RR à Soo and Ra: o.6
Locd
Calcnlalr 4Re ehbiciency motoY on
tul Load. Take
+Re brush doop o being
e9uao l s v/bush
Gven dlata:
P2 V:200V TL2 3S A TLI: 2A Ra 0:6-
R Soo Bush dop 1-Sv/ brmsh Totd
:
drop: l.Sx2
ERticieneg ? Vb 3 N

Inpu a no Load: V. TL2 = 20o x 3S To00 w

npu a no load : TaRa +We + Brmsh Loss

VIL Ia Ra + We+ Bush Loss
We VIL - Tas Ra - B s h Loss (VbxTa)

Losses We 2 0 0 x2 -(16)x0.b - 3 x
x16

We 343 b64 W TaI TL Tsh

Losses tnlord Rsh
T a Ra +Wc + bmch Loss
2 20
SoD
TL-Th)x Ra + We +Ve TaL
2
= 3S 0:4)x 0-b + 343.66 4+3x346
121S 76 w
Outpu Inpu Losses 7000 12IS-14 : S78424

Eien
Oupuk S7842 x 100 82.632.
Tnph 7000
 SP Engg. Academy

Characteristics of DC Series Motor

https://youtu.be/DR5BGCm6Vto

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Characteristics oa De Motor
chavacteristis ota De motor u diseused
based on ru quan+Hies
Ci Avmure torqut ( Ta) Gi) Avmatnre Curven (Ta)
(ii Speedl CN)
Motor has 3 dli bherel charesteristia
(i Avmetwe torqne (Ta) Vs Armauwe Curvenb (Ta)
Elecical cAevncteristics
i) Speed (n) VsATmatre Current (I«)
(ii) Speed CN) N Avmetnre torqe ( Ta)
Mechanical derncteisics
These chavaeteistict ave obtained Using+Re esuntion
Ci Ta * 4la (i) N a EL

Charaeteristies o De Senes Moter

Ci Ta Vs Ia
we now tRe Ta $Ta Ta
Beove Saura tion
flun T a
Te 4la Ta
TA T
Ta: k
This it similey to Re equetion o Parabda( 4a ma)
So tRe Cuve u ke
pavabola.
 O. 99

Semes motor ia Used wheve

high Starting torae
Tequired or accele rsing hey mass
quickly as in Re Cese o Canes, Roists, ele ttie
trins
Ater Saturation
is independent oG Ia, u i Consthanl
TaTa Ta: k
Ia
This is Similav to
equation of Staight line (yzm)
Re Curve is a Staigh Lne after S«tmration

Cii) N V« Ta
we know Ral N o

For Seies motor, Eb V- Tel Ra+ Rie)

Ra, Rse is Very Smell, Tal Ra+ Rse) dlrops does
not change much wiR Varration o load. So
Ta( Ra+ Rie) u neglected.
Eb V N
CConshen)
N n Seies meter,
Ta N
As 4Re loed inc vesses,
Ta Ta l l tncveMe and
Sped ll decveme
 Bu when Load on Re Series motor u
Completely vemoved, La
Blls o a
Very lo
Value and So Speed a
dangeromly Rig
SERIES MoToR SHouLO NEVER
STARTED AT No LoAD

Seies moter is Called as Vaneable speed maor

as i a s t s Speed according to Re load

Cii) N Vs Ta
This is obtainedTem Re above two
plots.
ConsideY Ta A, ind Corvea ponding Values
oTA, 8vom previous Curves, Locete Ris

point on +Re qrph N Vs Ta

Simi
Simi larly Considey dioeven Values T
and obtain +Re Velues o Ta, N and ple
+Rem on Re qr«ph.
This will ive Re N Vs Ta cRavaeteistiu

TA
 SP Engg. Academy

Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor

https://youtu.be/qeLGDx4N0nM

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charaetersties of De Shunl Motor
Ci Ta Vs Ta
wKT Ta ¢Ta
Sn Shun motor, 4 u Cons tan Ta
Ta Ja
TAk Ia
This is Simi lar to
eqaien of
Stmigt ine = ma) T
The Curve is a StmigRt line.

Shunt motors are not Strted on heavy Loaed

becan&e+Rey need birR Starting terqe Curren
whieh il aloect Re Voltage Tejulahion Gnd
elechicaR instellaion.
ii) N Vs Ia N

WKT N « Eb

4is Constan
NEb EbV-. Ra
Ra is Sml, T.Ra dop is Snell. So Re Ta Ra dwp
is neglected.
Eb V is appwnimately Conttant. . Spetd n
 Bu +Ren , Eb i in losd, J in Ebis
higher +Ren i n
Speed uill
in lond SligR+lg it
B6or all pTaetiead appliçaion a shunt motoT
is Called as a Conston Speed motor.

(ii) N Vs Ta
FoT diterent Values o
Ta gind Value o& Ta, N from
Previout twe Carves and draw
+Re N Vs Ta CaTve
Ta
 SP Engg. Academy

Characteristics of DC Compound
Motor
https://youtu.be/CVKD2mev6sk

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Cl,Ayac:h!11,+.,s o& Co~pow~ Mo+o-t
(i l Cum~ IA-1-ive Cor,-,f'OM~ Mo+o-r - St--riu .f,tu11 •icls
(I).) 1" Vs IA '"'""'~ ~•
1"'
A, I oa, I i nev ~•U S, IA 1'

T.se. t °'"" flu " ia, St lie-&

ft·t,1'4 Wift,11•, + SC t
·: q, = +,-.-+ +se
A' +,ct, ♦ ~
A' '•".C r-. , cl> t
.- ,A
1'
et ~r~
Al". I

(bJ N \Is "I"-

N ot
-
£to
♦

As 7A 1", Tse t 'P~e t- ~"°'

~. w ~" ~ 't
:. N -lJ r .. ➔
ti,,> Spe.,tA t e,, i+R 1' i,. ♦ OY Sp •~ w,.loQ ~ i., ~4'

(iiiJ N v,
IA
-f;·,,,il +ie "", TA 1-o..,. pTev,·o~j
C1A1V&-1 ~Y oli .fr8.•ve"t- \I.RM&& "
r.. Q,.J ~,..4'\~ "-\ "' ·~ ~vv• .
 As I oo..o\ 1-- :r °'" t :. T.te 1-

4.se
I
1' ,.
~

To ~~ " q, = 'f>sh- 4's~

~ 't>se 1' 4-~
M X.._1- ~ J,
.7
•, Q. o( ct, I4'
1' j n :r~ i S. rn o"'t'~ ~ "''f') .J... ,·,, q, TA ➔
.. -ICI'. t- Vt" o s \Oi.J Id

( b ) N \Js x"'
eb .-.
N °" -q:, N

As Io-.~ 1'- I 7 ~ t .: Tse 1'- .. "~ 4,e1'

~ : 'r~'-' - '-t>.te
.-. ~s cps:e 1' ' ~ ~
As ~ .J;o Sp ~ N 1'-

(c J N \/, - IA
pr~ vio~ +wo ~··N e& ~
-F" nm
N
-C,'ntJ. N , , " ,Bv y d. i ij-e '(eF\ t,
V ~ o~ IA. ~n°' t:J..~w
N \/s ,~ CJ,,...rv~
 SP Engg. Academy

Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor

https://youtu.be/kvWRuI6YOUI

Video Lecture Link

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 De Motor
Speed Conte ok
EbP
Speed N = Ebxbo xA
6oA k. Eb K: 6oA
Pz Pz Pz

b Eb : V- Ta Ra
' N k. (v-TaRa)

Speed Can be Contolled by

ci Flun Cont Me+Rod By Varying n per pole ¢
i Rhestntie ContR MetRod By Varging armatur
Resistana Ra
Gii) Voltage Conh Me tRod- By Varging aPplied VoHegev
Speed Contr? of De Shunt Motor
Cont MeRod Ta
( Flun
WkT N

R
This me+Rod used for Spe Cot A

above +Re Tted Spead M

By decreacing Run Apead Can be
increed. Hence t à Called A2
R
n Contol meRod
l u n Can be Vaned by ckenging Re
Curren+Rroug *e tield indling
This is done by ConnecHng a e sistance R in Seies wi+R

Re ield uinding
when Tesistane of tield wincling Changes, Curren
RougR bield uinding T cRanges ond Rence
CXanges Spead alo Varies
Advantages
SmootR and eas Csnt u po&siWe
Speed Cont above TRted Vale iu possi bte
R of 8ield winding u iR, Current TR in Bield
Lwinding decremes. Tsh Reh Doss (or I Re) es
in eatena Tesistanca u 2o
Disa dvanTaes
Speed Contr below TAted fated peadl ia no l po&sie
Can be ineremed only upto Tated Velue
A s u n decrems, Speed increnes. B RiR Apud
agoects Commutaion, making motor dpeaion Unstae.
SoRere u a imit to +Re manimumpeed

Cii) ATmature oT Rheo sttie Control

Used o Apead Conhvo belovs Tated Apeed
>Spply VolH-ge u Constmnt, Re a
Vo l+age aLvoss aTmature

Varied by Pullin9 rhesthk

T
in Aeies witR avmaure
A
Vatina Ra, T Ra doop
Varies and Kence +Re Apesd RG M
u Vaied A2

Adyantges
Easy and SmooR Cont
>PotenHal divide Can be uted as Stnrter
Disacvantges
As entire armature Currenl T
power Loss is hith
pass Rrou'R,
T a >T, larae Aize oThese u rerui red
Speao above nted u not possibWe
Due o arge Power Xess, +Ris me+Red iu
enpensive
Less ekbicien and wasteful
Nead enpemive eak dissipetion arrangemenk
Ciü) Vo Hage Cont Me +Rod
(a) Multiple VolHage Cant
Reld winding s Connected to a
Constan Suppl
Axmatwre i SuppliediR ditterenk Vo Hages by
means oa itRgear arYangemen
N popotiomad to +Rese di bberenl Volteges

(M

E ield
w inding
(6) ward- Leanard System
De Supply

Rewride
Reld
ield inding Ric
Regalaor20 Winding
Motor M
Motor M
na22Rdd Uindling Generatr

Motor whote
Motor-Gienerator
Sek Sped + o be
Contelled
This isa Yery ensitire metRod of Apeed Cont
MI u Re motr whoAe Apeed u +o be Conhelled
R e l d winding of MI Connected to a Constant
De Supp
B y appltn Vanable Voltane acW£S amature, a
be Vaied
Spead Can
Variabe Voltnge à applicd by using a
Motr-Genem*
Se
Motor M2 a run a Constant Apeed
Otpk e aenermhor a eto e mtor Mi,

Vo lH0e ot aenembr i Varied by Varging +R bield

Teg (u field rheostak o geneaBor)

r 5
The direchon ield Current Can be revevsed by
TevevsingRe Teversing v i t , i Tevene
+R polaity o6 e EMF aenemted, and Ranc
Re direction o ttion motor MI Con lboe
reversed.

Advantes
wide ranae o Apead Cothe a possiLe
Spee Cont Can be done in bot diretions
>Uni Rorm acce lerathion obtained

Disadvantaes
Avrangemenk u enpemive
OverRl eicieneg i
 SP Engg. Academy

Speed Control of DC Series Motor

https://youtu.be/8tdI-XOQkzA

Video Lecture Link

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 De Serie MotorT
Spead Cont of
1. lun Conho Me+Rod
Vaniatien in un o8 a Series motor Can
be brongRt abouk ba Re bollouing metRodk
Ca) ield Divider
w Divider
Lrm- A Vaiable resistance
Ta Rse Knoun as a ield divider
u Connected in poall wit
M Re Seis Biedd windi
By Varting Re recistane

of Re olivider Re Curenl
+Rorgk R Seiu reld
Can be varied and Rence Re Con be
winding
decreed and Reve by Re Apead o +Re motor Can be
CreAed
Cb) Armeture Divider
>A dlivider u Conneched in
Rse parallel to Re armature
ATrmane
Dinider winding,+o Vavy Re Carent
Rouing +RnR avmatwe
M
For a Constant Load toqnt
T a u Teduced due to
armatre diider, +Ren R
plun m u t increne T a « ¢Ta)
>igR Current u taken ron Supply glun increA

N a , wi+Rincxeme in an, Re Spead decremes

() Tapped Field Conto
Senes Fidld Tappings are aken rom
Seies eld winding
The number o Aernes
ield uTns Can be Vanied
M in Steps and CorTe ponding

Rere is a Vaiation in +Re

Value ot resistanl and

Rence Re Current Varies and e un Varies Rereb

reanlting in an Vaietion of 2peed
() Paraileling Gredd Cils
LmolJT

Sn Ris method by reqrduping Re ield Cils

Shoun in diagran, Vanabe Cambinontion Tesistane at
field wind ing Can be obtained and Kence Vaiction in
speed Can be obtsined
2. Vaniathe Resistance in Series aiR Motor
Re esistanu
By incrensing
Rse in Sene wiR aYmAure,
R
e Voltse applied acos +Re
(M armature terminsN Can be
decrem ed
i R veduced VoltngeALNEs

+Re avmatuve, +Re 3peed is Teduced

 SP Engg. Academy

Two Point Starter working Principle

and Construction Details
https://youtu.be/es9GX8TVzjI

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Storters
Starter ua Tesistoance Connected in Semes
itR e amature Cireuit of a motor, during +Re
Starting period in ordey to imit Re RiSing
Curre
Need ora Starter
when a Dc motor u S+vted ui% GL ltqe
vo
applied acoss i armature+evminal,'k daws
moTe Curren Ran iui rated Vele

WKTora Mo+T, V Eb +TRa

Ta :
V- 6
Ra
Since a +Re instant oR Strtin2Re Apeed N=o,
+Re balk EMF E ao Z e EL N$)
hen Eb =o, Ta V
Ra

The aYmatre Teristane o De motor u

a a
veng
Amall Value

Let w Conside Re Cake o a 220 V De motor witR

armature resstance Ra z o.2S .Then a Re
insten of Sterting,,Ta : Y : 220 : &go A.This
R O2S

Curent ù mueR RiRer Ran +Re Teted Current,

This Current illow ProngRRe armawre
windling and demame ik
7However, as he motor picks up Apeed ond Re

speed increMe, incremes anod Ao aÝmatue

EMF Eb

Curren Ta decTeMes and aradnlly Comes doun t

a t e d VaDne

To imi +Re RiStrins Currenla resis tance u

Connected in Seies wiR armanre a me oof
u oft +Re motor
S+AYinand radually Cu
Apeed inc reies

Now ater introducing +Re St«rhing Tesstanu Rs

Ta V
RA R
Hence +Re high Curent iu inited,Re
Star ter à alko incorporsted wiR po teetive oevis
+ protee rom no Vo ltage and ove vLond.
 Two Point Starter
Y W

. TT SHrting
Kesis tanu
Rs

OFF
START RUN
Srhe
Handle
Seies
Spn Hold
Reld
ON S S2
use Coil
A
D
DC p
Supply
A2

T v o point Strter is used tor Strting DC Seies moBer

Land f are +Re two points o e Sterter wRicR are

and moter terminals
Connec+ed wiRBuppl

To S +R motor Re Strter handle u moved

Re
ClockwiteTom Stad to Tun position gainse
Sping tension

The Stater is to be held in +Re RUN Position

o motor. Thi's is done by
+Rronghou Re opertion
meAns he HoLo on CoL (or) -+Re HoLD on Elechomgnel
The Curren owing Rrough e hold on
electomagel
magnetises it and +Re SokE irm piece in Sterter
handle s Rerefore Reld by +Re elecho megnel
in Re RUN posiHon

The
>The hold on Cil also acts as a No LOAD RELEASE
when load on motor Teducas, Re Current ouinga
in Re electomaqne decreases and henu +Re
Streng+R of elechomatme Teducu and Re So
ITon puca returng +o Re OFF positin

T h e hold on Coil alio acts as a No VoLTAGE RELFASE

when Supply Teducas, Re Curren decvemes and
+Re Strena+R o elechomagne decreases and Kence
StarterTeturns o DFe position
 SP Engg. Academy

Three Point Starter working

Principle and Construction Details
https://youtu.be/m2pOdcv9t94

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 Three Point Starter

m n Rs
Rs- Starina
Recisn
NVR- No
Volte
Release
OLR- over
oFF Syass
Are
START RUN A Kelene
NVR
Sinrher So t Iron
Hand le
Spria F

se
A
DLR
D
Supply S
( A2
Moving Lrn F2

Three point Stavter is used kor Sharting De Shunt and

Compound motoT

L , A and F ore Re 3 points oß Re Rree poin Smrter

T h e hold on Ceil or Re NVR No VoLTAGE RcLEAE]

Connected in Senes wiR Shunlield

The unctien o NVR is +Rak uhen +he Suppy

Vo 14ne lova or Reve u tailave o Supry, Cumene
Rrowgh NVR à Teduced and so i shrengR
 decrenses and ence he Strter Randa u rehurned
toRe oFF position

AnoRerunction oNVR à Ra in Case o olisconnccton

oRe8ield Civcui due to intemak ilure+Re
Coth arm o Re Starter re turns to DFF Position
and Rence po tects Re motor rom overspeding

Over Load poteetion is incorporated by mean& ob

Re
Re OLR [ovER LoAD RELEASE. OLR is an
Cil Connectedl in Seies ui +R
electomagnetic
aYmetre

when +Re motor u overLonded, it draws a hiB

Carent. This keavy Currenk PlowsRrongR +R OLR,
k aets enevgized and pull Re irdn pua ce upuaels
aets
wRiR Sho* Circuits Re Coils d& Re Bfd on

electromagnel CNVR). So NVR à de-energied

and
StarteY arm Teuns to DFF positim, ThusRee
motoT protected against overkoael

S t ia Sezn rom diagram +Rak uhen +Re Shrter Rardle

a Run position, Re ield Curent Rac o tmvel
RgRRe portion of &trting resistance o
romRe armaure CA'reuil.This Tes0es in
SligRt decreme in +Re tieRd Current
This Can be Teduced by usina a braes arc as
Shown in Re diagam

Disad vantages
while Contollin2 Apeed o moter above ratd,
Rield CArYenl i Teduced by add ing enf an

Te sistance in Seie uitR ield wineling. Bu

+Re NcRà in Aeies i h ield winding. , ken
reld Current reducas, 4Re Carenk n k
NeR redua and so i u demsnetised and
Shavter Randle Teturns o OFF position

S o ebective trield Conh Cannmt be done. Snordw

+o avid +Ris, Houn point Strtevs u Used
 SP Engg. Academy

Four Point Starter working Principle

and Construction Details
https://youtu.be/v5Bc3NzopAQ

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 FouY Poin Strter
N MStartinga Resitance
w
NYR- No Vo Hge
Relane
OLR Over Lod
STAKT ATC
Releme
Soto+It raIronn
RUN

OFF

NVR

Fnse LI A

F
A
De L2 F
Supply MovingIron M
Povte tive F2
Re sistance

LI,A,F, L2 are Re four points og Re four poink Shrter

S n a 4 Point Strter, NVR is Connected pavallek

to Re ield

Any cRange in +Re Pield does not afbeit +Re NUR.

Hence a wide Tange of Apend Contro i poczi bhe
>In a 4 poinl Strter when Re Srter am

ouche Re Stv position, Curene rom +Re Suppy

u divided into r e pa+Rs
one+Rroug +Re Steting Tesistance and armatYe,
One 4RrougR ield uindling and One RrougR NVR

FunctHon oNVR ù +o Pmtece +Re moto7 aaainse

no Voltaae or gow VoHe

>function o oLR u +o potec +Re motor agoinst

overloael

>Since in a our poine Sther, +Re NVR ua

independesl o +Re tield Cireuit, Re Dc moto
restonPere à a
ma overspead iorang
m
break inRe ieRd Civcuit

Therekore behore StrHing,+Re ield Ciraut

Shold be ckecked i+Reve u any open Circui