Problems of the 13th Open Mathematical Olympiad of the Belarusian-Russian University 1

1. The passenger, who missed the train, at first decided to catch up with it by taxi, but after some time he
boarded the bus, paying 20 rubles for the ticket, and arrived at one of the stations at the same time as the
train. Meanwhile, he discovered that if he had continued to go by taxi, he would have caught up with the
train half an hour earlier, while spending 5 rubles less. What is the speed of the train (in kilometers per
hour), if the taxi speed is 100 kilometers per hour, the bus speed is 80 kilometers per hour, and the fare
for 1 kilometer in a taxi is 50 kopecks.
Answer: 68 .
2. Find the smallest integer value of the parameter p , for which the number of integer solutions of the in-
equality 4x 2 − 20 ( x − 1 ) + 3 4x − p − p ≤ 0 is maximum.
Answer: 13 .
3. Find the sum of the solutions to the equation ( tg x + sin x ) + ( tg x − sin x )
12 12 12
= 2 tg x cos x ,
that belong to the segment  0,2π  .
19π
Answer: .
6
lg x 4 + 2x 3 + 2x − 1
4. Find the sum of all real solutions to the equation = 2.
lg x 2 + x − 1
Answer: −6 .
5. What is the largest n for which there are n seven-digit numbers that are consecutive members of the
same geometric progression?
Answer: 11 .
6. Find the largest natural number n that simultaneously satisfies two conditions: 1) the number n has at
least three different natural divisors (including 1 and n itself); 2) the sum of the two largest divisors of
the number n is 30 times greater than the sum of the three smallest divisors.
Answer: 775 .
7. There are 12 seats in the first row of the theater. In how many ways can the holders of tickets for these
seats take seats so that everyone should be either in their own seat (according to the purchased ticket) or
in the neighboring one?
Answer: 233 .
8. What is the smallest number of weights needed to be able to weigh any integer number of grams from
1 to 100 on balance scales if the weights can be placed in both pans?
Answer: 5 .
9. The checkered strip 1 × 15 is numbered with the numbers 0 , 1 , …, 14 . Two players take turns mov-
ing the chip, which is located on one of the cells, to the left by 1 , 2 or 3 fields. The one who has no-
where to go loses. Under what initial positions of the chip, with the best strategy for both players, does
the second player win? Write in the answer the sum of the numbers of the corresponding cells.
Answer: 24 .
10. The city has the shape of a square with a side of 5 km. The streets divide it into quarters in the form
of squares with a side of 200 m. What is the largest area (in square kilometers) that can be enclosed in-
side a closed 10 km long route along the streets of the city?
Answer: 6, 24 .
11. A circle of radius 4 with center at point O is divided by points A , B , C , D , E , F into six equal
parts. Determine the area of the figure COE , bounded by the arc OC with center at point B , arc OE
with center at point F and arc CE with center at point A .
8π
Answer: .
3
12. The equilateral triangle DEF is inscribed in the equilateral triangle ABC ; point D lies on the side
BC , point E lies on the side AC , and point F lies on the side AB . Ratio of the side AB to the side
DF is 8 : 5 . Find the smallest possible value of the sine of the angle DEC .
 Problems of the 13th Open Mathematical Olympiad of the Belarusian-Russian University 2

4 3−3
Answer: .
10
13. The length of each edge of the tetrahedron ABCD is equal to 15 . Points M , N and P are located
on the edges DA , DC and BC respectively, so that DM = CN = 5 , CP = 3 . Let Q be the point of
intersection of the plane MNP and line AB . Find the length of the segment BQ .
15
Answer: .
2
14. The volume of the triangular prism ABCA1B1C 1 is 56 . Points M and N are located on edges BB1
and CC 1 respectively, so that BM : BB1 = 5 : 8 , CN : CC 1 = 4 : 7 . Find the volume of the polyhe-
dron ABCA1MN (truncated prism).
Answer: 41 .
15. Three balls are pairwise tangent; a plane touches these balls at points A , B and C . Find the radius of
the largest of the balls if the sides of the triangle ABC are 2 , 2 and 1 + 3 .
1+ 3
Answer: .
2
16. Find the determinant of the ninth order with numbers 3 on its main diagonal, numbers 1 under its
main diagonal, and numbers 5 over its main diagonal.
Answer: 768 .
17. What is the least real value of λ for which the polynomials P ( x ) = x 3 − λx + 2 and
Q ( x ) = x 2 + λx + 2 have a common root?
Answer: − 1 .
18. The base of the pyramid SABCD is a parallelogram. The plane P cuts from the side edges SA , SB ,
1 1 1
SC respectively , , (counting from the apex S ). What part does this plane cut from the edge SD ?
3 4 5
1
Answer: .
4
a +1
19. The sequence (an ) satisfies for any natural n the relation an +2 = n +1 . Find a2023 , if
an
a19 = 19 , a97 = 97 .
Answer: 1842 .
20. The sequence (an ) is given by the relations a1 = 5 , an +1 = an2 − 2 , n ≥ 1 . Find the limit
an +1
lim .
n →∞ a a ...a
1 2 n

Answer: 21 .
21. The function f ( x ) ∈ C 2  0,1  has at least two zeros on the segment  0,1  (counting multiplicities)
and moreover f ′′ ( x ) ≤ 1 for all x ∈  0,1  . What is the largest possible value of max f ( x ) ?
x ∈  0,1 
 
1
Answer: .
2
( x + 1) ( x − 1)
2
f ′(x )
22. Calculate ∫ 1 + f 2 ( x ) dx , где f (x ) = , A =  −1, 3  \ { { 0 } ∪ { 2 } } .
A
x 3 (x − 2)
32
Answer: arctg − 2π .
27
23. Find the area of the figure, bounded by the curve γ , which is given by the equation x 7 + y 7 = x 3y 3 .
 Problems of the 13th Open Mathematical Olympiad of the Belarusian-Russian University 3

1
Answer: .
14
24. All living organisms are constantly involved in carbon exchange, receiving carbon from the environ-
ment. When the organism dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment, and the radioactive iso-
tope 14C in the remains undergoes gradual radioactive decay. The isotope 14C decay rate, which de-
scribes the change in the isotope concentration per unit time, in accordance with the law of mass action, at
each moment of time is directly proportional to its current concentration. The time required for a quantity
of 14C to reduce to half of its initial value is 5, 7 ± 0, 03 thousand years. During archaeological excava-
14
tions, a tree was found, the content of C in which was 75 % of the normal. Determine the least possible
age (in years) of the found tree.
Answer: 5670 ( 2 − log2 3 ) .
y sin x π 3π
25. Let y = y ( x ) be the solution to the differential equation y ′ + − e−xy = 0, < x < ,
x x 2 2
 2π 
that satisfies the condition y ( π ) = 0 . Find y   .
 3 
3 ln 2
Answer: − .
2π
26. Let y = y ( x ) be the solution to the integro-differential equation
x

∫ y ( ξ )d ξ − ln y′ − x = 0 , x > 0 ,
0
that satisfies the conditions y ( 0 ) = 0 , lim y ( x ) = 1 . Find y ( 10 ) .
x →+∞

10
Answer: .
11
+∞
x αdx
27. Let p ( x ) = 2x + 4x + 3x + 5x + 3x + 4x + 2 , f ( α ) =
6 5 4 3 2
∫ . Find the minimum point
0
p (x )
of the function f ( α ) .
Answer: 2 .
+∞
dx
28. Calculate ∫ .
0 (
x (1 + x ) 1 + x 2
)
π
Answer: .
2
 2024   2025   2027   2023 + 2n 
29. Calculate the sum  + +  + ... +    
 2   4   8   2n +1  + ... , where  x  is the integer part
 
of the number x , i.e. the largest integer not greater than x .
Answer: 2023 .
7 3 4 5
30. Find the sum of all real solutions to the equation −2 − + + + + ... = 0 .
x x2 x3 x4
21
Answer: − .
2