Title: Conic Section
Chapter: Conic Section
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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)
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14 NORMAL
14.1 Normal to the parabola :
Normal is obtained using the slope of tangent.
P
Normal
2a y
Slope of tangent at (x1 , y1) = Slope of normal = – 1
y1 2a
y1
(i) y y1 = – (x x1) at (x1, y1) ; (ii) y = mx 2am am3 at (am2, 2am)
2a
(iii) y + tx = 2at + at3 at (at2, 2at).
NOTE :
(i) Point of intersection of normals at t1 & t2 is (a (t + t + t1t2 + 2), a t1 t2 (t1 + t2)).
(ii) If the normals to the parabola y² = 4ax at the point t1, meets the parabola again at the point
P(t1)
Q(t2)
2
t2, then t2 = – t1 .
t1
(iii) If the normals to the parabola y² = 4ax at the points t1 & t2 intersect again on the parabola at the
point 't3' then t1 t2 = 2; t3 = (t1 + t2) and the line joining t1 & t2 passes through a fixed point
(2a, 0)
Example # 59 : If the normal at point ‘t1’ intersects the parabola again at ‘t2’ then find value of |t1.t2 + t12|.
2
Solution : Slope of normal at P = – t1 and slope of chord PQ =
t1 t 2
2 2 2
– t1 = t2 = – t1 – t2 = – t1 – t2.t1 = –t12 – 2 |t1.t2 + t12| = 2
t1 t 2 t1 t1
Example # 60 : If the normals at points t1, t2 meet at the point t3 on the parabola then find value of
(t1 + t2 + t3)2 + (t1 . t2)2
Solution : Since normal at t1 & t2 meet the curve at t3
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2
t3 = – t1 – – .....(i)
t1
2
t 3 = – t2 – .....(ii)
t2
(t12 + 2) t2 = t1 (t22 + 2) t1t2 (t1 – t2) + 2 (t2 – t1) = 0
t1 t2 , t1t2 = 2 ......(iii)
Hence (i) t1 t2 = 2
from equation (i) & (iii), we get t3 = – t1 – t2
Hence (ii) t1 + t2 + t3 = 0 ....(iv)
from (iii) & (iv) (t1 + t2 + t3)2 + (t1 . t2)2 = 4
Example # 61 : Find the locus of the point N from which 3 normals are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4ax are such
that
(i) Two of them are equally inclined to y-axis
(ii) Two of them have product of their slops is equal to 2.
Solution : Equation of normal to y2 = 4ax is
y = mx – 2am – am3
Let the normal passes through N(h, k)
k = mh – 2am – am3 am3 + (2a – h) m + k = 0
For given value’s of (h, k) it is cubic in ‘m’.
Let m1, m2 & m3 are root’s of above equation
m1 + m2 + m3 = 0 ......(i)
2a h
m 1m 2 + m 2m 3 + m 3m 1 = ......(ii)
a
k
m1m2m3 = – ......(iii)
a
(i) If two normal are equally inclined to x-axis, then m1 + m2 = 0
m3 = 0 y=0
(ii) If two normal’s have product of their slops = 2
m1 m2 = 2
k
from (3) m3 = – .....(iv)
2a
k 2a h
from (2) 2– (m1 + m2) = .....(v)
2a a
k
from (1) m1 + m2 = .....(vi)
2a
from (5) & (6), we get
k2 = 4ax
Self Practice Problems:
(51) Find the points of the parabola y2 = 4ax at which the normal is inclined at 45° to the axis.
(52) If chord drawn from point P(9, –6) on the parabola y2 = 4x is normal at point Q then Q = ?
(53) Find the length of normal chord at point ‘t’ to the parabola y2 = 4ax.
(54) If the normals at 3 points P, Q & R on the parabola (x – 3)2 = y + 2 are concurrent, then show
that
(i) The sum of slopes of normals is zero,
(ii) The locus of centroid of PQR is x – 3 = 0.
3
4a(t 2 1) 2
Ans. (51) (a, –2a), (a, 2a) (52) (9, –6) (53)
t2
14.2 Normal to Ellipse
x2 y2 a2 x b2 y
(i) Equation of the normal at (x1, y1) to the ellipse + = 1 is = a² b².
a2 b2 x1 y1
x2 y2
(ii) Equation of the normal at the point (acos , bsin ) to the ellipse + = 1 is;
a2 b2
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ax. sec by. cosec = (a² b²).
(iii) Equation of a normal in terms of its slope 'm' is y = mx
a 2
b2 m
.
a b m2
2 2
x2 y2
Example # 62 : A and B are corresponding points on the ellipse 2
+
=1 and the auxiliary circles
a b2
respectively. The normal at A to the ellipse meets CB in R, where C is the centre of the ellipse.
Prove that locus of R is a circle of radius a + b.
Solution : Let A (acos , b sin)
B (a cos, a sin)
B
Equation of normal at A is
(a sec) x – (b cosec ) y = a2 – b2 ..........(i)
equation of CB is y = tan . x .........(ii)
Solving equation (i) & (ii), we get (a – b) x = (a2 – b2) cos
x = (a + b) cos, & y = (a + b) sin
R ((a + b) cos, (a + b) sin) = (h, k)
h2 + k2 = (a + b)2 x2 + y2 = (a + b)2
x2 y2
Example # 63 : Find the shortest distance between the line 3x + 4y = 12 and the ellipse =1
16 9
Solution : Shortest distance occurs between two non-intersecting curve always along common normal.
Let 'P' be a point on ellipse and Q is a point on given line for which PQ is common normal.
Tangent at 'P' is parallel to given line
Equation of tangent parallel to given line is (y = mx ± a2m2 b2 )
3x 3 2
y= ±
4
minimum distance = distance between
3x + 4y = 12 & 3x + 4y = 3 2
12 3 2
shortest distance =
5
Example # 64 : Prove that, in an ellipse, the distance between the centre and any normal does not exceed the
difference between the semi-axes of the ellipse.
x2 y2
Solution : Let the equation of ellipse is 2 2 1
a b
Equation of normal at P () is (a sec)x – (bcosec )y – a2 + b2 = 0
distance of normal from centre
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| a 2 b2 | | a 2 b2 |
= OR = =
a2 b2 (a tan )2 (b cot )2 (a b)2 (a tan b cot )2
| a2 b 2 |
(a + b)2 + (a tan – b cot)2 (a + b)2 or |OR| (a – b)
(a b)2
Self Practice Problems :
(55) Find the value(s) of 'a' for which the line x + y = a is a normal to the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12
x2 y2
(56) If the normal at the point P() to the ellipse = 1 intersects it again at the point Q(2)
14 5
then find the value of cos
1 2
Ans. (55) a = (56) –
7 3
14.3 Normal to Hyperbola
x2 y2
(a) The equation of the normal to the hyperbola 2
1 at the point P (x1, y1) on it is
a b2
a2 x b2 y
= a2 + b2 = a2 e2.
x1 y1
x2 y2
(b) The equation of the normal at the point P (a sec , b tan ) on the hyperbola 1 is
a2 b2
ax by
= a2 + b2 = a2 e2.
sec tan
(a 2 b2 ) m
(c) Equation of normals in terms of its slope 'm' are y = mx .
a 2 b 2m 2
14.4 Normal to Rectangular hyperbola
Equation of the normal at P (t) is x t3 y t = c (t4 1)
x2 y2
Example # 65 : A normal to the hyperbola –
= 1 meets the axes in M and N. find a locus of point R
a2 b2
on segment MN such that NR : RM = 2 :1.
x2 y2
Solution : The equation of normal at the point Q (a sec , b tan ) to the hyperbola 2 – 2 = 1 is
a b
ax cos + by cot = a2 + b2 ........(1)
The normal (1) meets the x–axis in
a 2 b2 a2 b2
M sec , 0 and y–axis in N 0, tan
a b
Let R (h, k) is point whose locus we have to find. as NR : RM = 2 :1.
2 (a2 b2 ) (a2 b2 )
h= sec , k = tan
3 a 3b
we know that
9a2 9b2 a2 x 2 (a2 b2 )2
sec2– tan2= 1 2 2 2
x2 2 2 2
y 2 1 b2 y 2
4(a b ) (a b ) 4 9
Self Practice Problems :
x2 y2
(57) Prove that the line lx + my – n = 0 will be a normal to the hyperbola – =1
a2 b2
a2 b2 (a2 b2 )2
if – = .
2 m2 n2
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EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Find equation of all possible normals to the parabola x2 = 4y drawn from point (1, 2).
2. If ax + by = 1 is a normal to the parabola y2 = 4Px, then prove that Pa3 + 2aPb2 = b2.
3. Find the equation of normal to the parabola x2 = 4y at (6, 9).
4. The normal at the point P(ap2, 2ap) meets the parabola y2 = 4ax again at Q(aq2 , 2aq) such that the lines
joining the origin to P and Q are at right angle. Then prove that p2 = 2.
5. If a line x + y = 1 cut the parabola y2 = 4ax in points A and B and normals drawn at A and B meet at C (C
does not lies on parabola). The normal to the parabola from C other, than above two meet the parabola
in D, then find D
6. If normal of circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y + 9 = 0 intersect the parabola y2 = 4x at P and Q then find the locus of
point of intersection of tangent’s at P and Q.
x2 y2
7. If the normal at an end of a latus-rectum of an ellipse + = 1 passes through one extremity of the
a2 b2
minor axis, show that the eccentricity of the ellipse is given by e4 + e2 – 1 = 0
8. A ray emanating from the point ( 4, 0) is incident on the ellipse 9x² + 25y² = 225 at the point P with
abscissa 3. Find the equation of the reflected ray after first reflection.
9. The tangent & normal at a point on x2/a2 y2/b2 = 1 cut the y axis respectively at A & B. Prove that the
circle on AB as diameter passes through the focii of the hyperbola.
10. The normal at P to a hyperbola of eccentricity e, intersects its transverse and conjugate axes at L and M
e
respectively. Show that the locus of the middle point of LM is a hyperbola of eccentricity .
2
(e 1)
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. The subtangent, ordinate and subnormal to the parabola y2 = 4ax at a point (different from the origin) are
in
(A) AP (B) GP (C) HP (D) none of these
2. Equation of the normal to the parabola, y2 = 4ax at its point (am2, 2 am) is:
(A) y = mx + 2am + am3 (B) y = mx 2am am3
(C) y = mx + 2am + am3 (D) none
3. At what point on the parabola y2 = 4x the normal makes equal angles with the axes?
(A) (4, 4) (B) (9, 6) (C) (4, – 1) (D) (1, 2)
4. The line 2x + y + = 0 is a normal to the parabola y2 = – 8x, then is
(A) 12 (B) – 12 (C) 24 (D) –24
5. The equation of the other normal to the parabola y2 = 4ax which passes through the intersection of those
at (4a, 4a) & (9a, 6a) is:
(A) 5x y + 115 a = 0 (B) 5x + y 135 a = 0
(C) 5x y 115 a = 0 (D) 5x + y + 115 = 0
6. The normal chord of a parabola y2 = 4ax at the point P(x1, x1) does not subtends a right angle at the
(A) focus (B) point (12a, 0)
(C) one of the end of the latus rectum (D) (a, 2a)
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7. If three normals can be drawn to the curve y2 = x from point (c, 0) then 'c' can be equal to
1 1
(A) 0 (B) – (C) (D) 2
2 2
8. The locus of the middle points of normal chords of the parabola y2 = 4a x is
(A) y4 2 a (x 2 a). y2 + 8 a4 = 0 (B) y4 2 a (x 2 a). y2 + 8 a4 = 0
(C) y 2 a (x 2 a). y + 8 a = 0
4 2 4
(D) y4 2 a (x 2 a). y2 – 8 a4 = 0
x2 y2
9. If the line x cos + y sin = p be normal to the ellipse 2
+ = 1, then
a b2
(A) p2 (a2 cos2 + b2 sin2 ) = a2 – b2 (B) p2 (a2 cos2 + b2 sin2 ) = (a2 – b2)2
(C) p2 (a2 sec2 + b2 cosec2 ) = a2 – b2 (D) p2 (a2 sec2 + b2 cosec2 ) = (a2 – b2)2
c
10. If the normal at ct, on the curve xy = c2 meets the curve again at t, then [17JM110042]
t
1 1 1 1
(A) t = – 3 (B) t = (C) t = 2 (D) t2 = – 2
t t t t
x2 y2
11. If the focal chord of the ellipse + = 1, (a > b) is normal at (acos, bsin) then eccentricity of the
a2 b2
ellipse is (it is given that sin 0)
(A) |sec| (B) |cos| (C) |sin| (D) None of these
12. The locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the centre of the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 25 to its normal.
(A) 100x2y2 = (x2 + y2)2 (y2 – x2) (B) 10x2y2 = (x2 + y2)2 (y2 – x2)
(C) 200x y = (x – y ) (y + x )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(D) 100x2y2 = (x2 – y2)2 (y2 + x2)
8 y2
13. The value of |, for which the line 2x – y = – 3 is a normal to the conic x2 + = 1 is
3 4
3 1 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 4 8
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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. x+y=3 3. x + 3y = 33
5. (4a, 4a) 6. x + 2y – 3 = 0
8. 12 x + 5 y = 48; 12 x 5 y = 48
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (B)
6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (D) 10. (A)
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (A)
SOLUTION
EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Normal at (2h, h2) is y – h2 = – 1/h (x – 2h)
As it pass through (1, 2) 2 – h2 = – 1/h (1 – 2h) h=1
y1 y y2
2. Equation of normal to y2 = 4Px at (x1, y1) is y – y1 = (x – x1) ; y – y1 = 1 x 1
2p 2p 4p
4py1x + 8p2y = y13 + 8p2y1
Compair with ax + by = 1
4py1 8p2
= = y13 + 8p2y1
a b
2ap 4p
y1 = & = y12 + 8p2
b a
Pa3 + 2aPb2 = b2.
dy
3. 2x = 4.
dx
dy x 6 1
= 1 = =3 Slope of normal is –
dx 2 2 3
1
equation of normal is y – 9 = – (x – 6)
3
x + 3y = 33
2
4. q=–p–
p
pq = – p2 – 2
p2 + pq + 2 = 0 ........ (i)
and also
slope of OP × slope of OQ = – 1
2ap 2aq
= –1
ap2 a q2
pq = – 4 ........ (ii)
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Using (ii) in (i) p2 = 2
5. A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3)
y1 + y2 + y3 = 0 ...(1)
y2 = 4ax
y2 = 4a(1 – y)
y2 + 4ay – 4a = 0
y1 + y2 = –4a ...(2)
using (2) in (1)
y3 = 4a
D(4a, 4a)
6.
PQ is chord of contact
T=0
ky = 2(x + h) ...(1)
above line passes through the centre of the circle i.e. (–3, –4)
–4k = 2(h – 3)
2h + 4k – 6 = 0
x + 2y – 3 = 0
b2
7. Equation of normal at ae,
a
a2 x b2 y
– 2 × a = a 2 – b2
ae b
ax
– ay = a2 – b2 = a2e2
e
x – ey = ae3
passes through (0, – b)
+ be = ae3
b = ae2
a2(1 – e2) = a2e4
e4 + e2 – 1 = 0
x 2 y2 12
8. = 1 reflected ray thus will be line joining 3, 5 & (4, 0)
25 9
–12
y–0= (x – 4)
5
5y = – 12x + 48
–12
or line joining the points 3, & (4, 0)
5
12
y–0= (x – 4) 12x – 5y – 48 = 0
5
x y
9. tangent sec tan 1
a b
A(0, – b cot)
Normal ax cos + by cot = a2e2
a2 e 2
B 0, tan
b
Now, circle with diameter as AB is
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a2 e2
x2 + (y + b cot) y tan = 0
b
Obviously it passes (± ae, 0)
10. Normal is
x a cos + by cot = a2e2
L(ae2 sec, 0)
a2 e 2
& M 0, tan
b
Mid–point of L,M
a e2 a2 e2
Say M1 sec , tan
2 2b
Let M1(h,k) then
2ah 2bk
sec = , tan = 2 2
a 2 e2 a e
eliminating we get
4a2 x 2 4b2 y 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 1
(a e ) (a e )
a2 1 e
Its eccentricity = 1 = 1 = .
b2 e2 1 2
e 1
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. Subtangent = 2x1
ordinate = y1
subnormal = 2a
2. Equation of normal to the parabola y2 = 4ax at its
points (am2, 2am) is
dy
2y 4a
dx
dy 2a 2a 1
dx y 2am m
mN = –m
y – 2am = (–m)(x – am2)
y = –mx + 2am + am3
3. For equal angle m = ±1
Point is (am2, –2am)
point is (1, 2)
4. Line : y = –2x –
Prabola : y2 = –8x
c = –2am – am3 (condition for line to be normal at to parabola)
– = –2 × –2 × –2 – (–2) (–8)
– = –8 – 16
= 24
5. y2 = 4ax .......(i)
Let (am12, – 2am1) (4a, – 4a) m1 = 2
and (am22, – 2am2) (9a, – 6a) m2 = 3
Let slope of the third normal be m3
m1 + m2 + m3 = 0
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m3 = – 5
equation of third normal is y = m3 x – 2am3 – am33
y = – 5x – 2a (– 5) – a (–125)
5x + y – 135a = 0
6.
y2 = 4ax
x12 = 4ax1
x1 = 0, 4a
P(4a, 4a)
2
Q is (9a, – 6a) u sing t 2 –t1 –
t
1
slope of PS × slope of QS = – 1
dy 1
7.
dx 2y
Equation of normal at (h2, h) is
y – h = – 2h(x – h2)
As it passes through (c, 0)
y – h = – 2h (c – h2) h2 = c – 1/2 c > 1/2
8. y2 = 4ax ......(i)
equation of any normal to parabola (i) is y + tx = 2at + at3 ......(ii)
Let the middle point of normal chord (ii) be (h, k)
equation of chord with middle point (h, k) is T = S1
yk – 2a(x + h) = k2 – 4ah
(2a) x – (k) y + k 2 – 2ah = 0 ......(iii)
(ii) and (iii) represent the same line
t 1 (2at at 3 )
= =
2a –k k 2 – 2ah
2a
t=– and k2 – 2ah = atk (2 + t2)
k
2a 4a2 8a 4
k2 – 2ah = ak – 2 2 k2 – 2ah = – 4a2 – 2
k k k
k4 – 2ahk 2 = – 4a2k2 – 8a4
locus of (h, k) is
y4 – 2a (x – 2a) y2 + 8a4 = 0
9. Equation of normal
ax secby cosec = a2 –b 2 ...(1)
xcos+ 4 sin = p ...(2)
2 2
a sec by cos ec a b
cos sin p
ap
cos = 2 sec ...(3)
(a b2 )
bp
sin = 2 cos ec ...(4)
(a b2 )
squaring and adding
p2
1= 2 [a2 sec 2 b2 cosec 2 ]
(a b2 )2
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10. Curve xy = c2
c c
Point P (ct, ) Point Q (ct, )
t t
Equation of normal xt3 – yt = c (t 4 – 1)
c
Point Q satisfy the equation ctt3 – t = c (t4 – 1)
t
t
tt3 – = t4 – 1
t
(t)2 t3 – t = t(t4 – 1)
t2t4 + t – t – tt4 = 0
t(tt3 + 1) – t(1 + tt3) = 0
1
t = t or t = – 3
t
1
so only possibility t = – 3
t
11. ax sec – by cosec = a2e2
it passes through (±ae, 0)
±a2e sec = a2e2 e = ± sec Which is not difined
5x 5y x y
12. Equation of normal at (5secf, 5tan) is + = 50 + = 10 ...(i)
cos tan cos tan
Equation of line perpendicular to normal passing through centre xsec –ytan = 0 ...(ii)
eliminating from equation (i) & (ii)
100x2y2 = (x2 + y2)2 (y2 – x2)
8
13. 2x– y = – 3
3
8 3 9 3 9
3
y = 2x +3 y =
4 x 8 m = 4 , c = 8
condition of normal c =
– a2 b2 m 9
( 3).m
but m =
3
2 2 2 8 4
a b m 1 4m2
3
solving =
2
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