Worksheet-6 Normals
Worksheet-6 Normals
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14 NORMAL
14.1 Normal to the parabola :
Normal is obtained using the slope of tangent.
P
Normal
2a y
Slope of tangent at (x1 , y1) = Slope of normal = – 1
y1 2a
y1
(i) y y1 = – (x x1) at (x1, y1) ; (ii) y = mx 2am am3 at (am2, 2am)
2a
(iii) y + tx = 2at + at3 at (at2, 2at).
NOTE :
(i) Point of intersection of normals at t1 & t2 is (a (t + t + t1t2 + 2), a t1 t2 (t1 + t2)).
(ii) If the normals to the parabola y² = 4ax at the point t1, meets the parabola again at the point
P(t1)
Q(t2)
2
t2, then t2 = – t1 .
t1
(iii) If the normals to the parabola y² = 4ax at the points t1 & t2 intersect again on the parabola at the
point 't3' then t1 t2 = 2; t3 = (t1 + t2) and the line joining t1 & t2 passes through a fixed point
(2a, 0)
Example # 59 : If the normal at point ‘t1’ intersects the parabola again at ‘t2’ then find value of |t1.t2 + t12|.
2
Solution : Slope of normal at P = – t1 and slope of chord PQ =
t1 t 2
2 2 2
– t1 = t2 = – t1 – t2 = – t1 – t2.t1 = –t12 – 2 |t1.t2 + t12| = 2
t1 t 2 t1 t1
Example # 60 : If the normals at points t1, t2 meet at the point t3 on the parabola then find value of
(t1 + t2 + t3)2 + (t1 . t2)2
Solution : Since normal at t1 & t2 meet the curve at t3
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2
t3 = – t1 – – .....(i)
t1
2
t 3 = – t2 – .....(ii)
t2
(t12 + 2) t2 = t1 (t22 + 2) t1t2 (t1 – t2) + 2 (t2 – t1) = 0
t1 t2 , t1t2 = 2 ......(iii)
Hence (i) t1 t2 = 2
from equation (i) & (iii), we get t3 = – t1 – t2
Hence (ii) t1 + t2 + t3 = 0 ....(iv)
from (iii) & (iv) (t1 + t2 + t3)2 + (t1 . t2)2 = 4
Example # 61 : Find the locus of the point N from which 3 normals are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4ax are such
that
(i) Two of them are equally inclined to y-axis
(ii) Two of them have product of their slops is equal to 2.
Solution : Equation of normal to y2 = 4ax is
y = mx – 2am – am3
Let the normal passes through N(h, k)
k = mh – 2am – am3 am3 + (2a – h) m + k = 0
For given value’s of (h, k) it is cubic in ‘m’.
Let m1, m2 & m3 are root’s of above equation
m1 + m2 + m3 = 0 ......(i)
2a h
m 1m 2 + m 2m 3 + m 3m 1 = ......(ii)
a
k
m1m2m3 = – ......(iii)
a
(i) If two normal are equally inclined to x-axis, then m1 + m2 = 0
m3 = 0 y=0
(ii) If two normal’s have product of their slops = 2
m1 m2 = 2
k
from (3) m3 = – .....(iv)
2a
k 2a h
from (2) 2– (m1 + m2) = .....(v)
2a a
k
from (1) m1 + m2 = .....(vi)
2a
from (5) & (6), we get
k2 = 4ax
x2 y2
Example # 62 : A and B are corresponding points on the ellipse 2
+
=1 and the auxiliary circles
a b2
respectively. The normal at A to the ellipse meets CB in R, where C is the centre of the ellipse.
Prove that locus of R is a circle of radius a + b.
Equation of normal at A is
(a sec) x – (b cosec ) y = a2 – b2 ..........(i)
equation of CB is y = tan . x .........(ii)
Solving equation (i) & (ii), we get (a – b) x = (a2 – b2) cos
x = (a + b) cos, & y = (a + b) sin
R ((a + b) cos, (a + b) sin) = (h, k)
h2 + k2 = (a + b)2 x2 + y2 = (a + b)2
x2 y2
Example # 63 : Find the shortest distance between the line 3x + 4y = 12 and the ellipse =1
16 9
Solution : Shortest distance occurs between two non-intersecting curve always along common normal.
Let 'P' be a point on ellipse and Q is a point on given line for which PQ is common normal.
Tangent at 'P' is parallel to given line
Equation of tangent parallel to given line is (y = mx ± a2m2 b2 )
3x 3 2
y= ±
4
Example # 64 : Prove that, in an ellipse, the distance between the centre and any normal does not exceed the
difference between the semi-axes of the ellipse.
x2 y2
Solution : Let the equation of ellipse is 2 2 1
a b
Equation of normal at P () is (a sec)x – (bcosec )y – a2 + b2 = 0
distance of normal from centre
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| a 2 b2 | | a 2 b2 |
= OR = =
a2 b2 (a tan )2 (b cot )2 (a b)2 (a tan b cot )2
| a2 b 2 |
(a + b)2 + (a tan – b cot)2 (a + b)2 or |OR| (a – b)
(a b)2
x2 y2
(56) If the normal at the point P() to the ellipse = 1 intersects it again at the point Q(2)
14 5
then find the value of cos
1 2
Ans. (55) a = (56) –
7 3
x2 y2
Example # 65 : A normal to the hyperbola –
= 1 meets the axes in M and N. find a locus of point R
a2 b2
on segment MN such that NR : RM = 2 :1.
x2 y2
Solution : The equation of normal at the point Q (a sec , b tan ) to the hyperbola 2 – 2 = 1 is
a b
ax cos + by cot = a2 + b2 ........(1)
The normal (1) meets the x–axis in
a 2 b2 a2 b2
M sec , 0 and y–axis in N 0, tan
a b
Let R (h, k) is point whose locus we have to find. as NR : RM = 2 :1.
2 (a2 b2 ) (a2 b2 )
h= sec , k = tan
3 a 3b
we know that
9a2 9b2 a2 x 2 (a2 b2 )2
sec2– tan2= 1 2 2 2
x2 2 2 2
y 2 1 b2 y 2
4(a b ) (a b ) 4 9
Self Practice Problems :
x2 y2
(57) Prove that the line lx + my – n = 0 will be a normal to the hyperbola – =1
a2 b2
a2 b2 (a2 b2 )2
if – = .
2 m2 n2
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EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Find equation of all possible normals to the parabola x2 = 4y drawn from point (1, 2).
2. If ax + by = 1 is a normal to the parabola y2 = 4Px, then prove that Pa3 + 2aPb2 = b2.
4. The normal at the point P(ap2, 2ap) meets the parabola y2 = 4ax again at Q(aq2 , 2aq) such that the lines
joining the origin to P and Q are at right angle. Then prove that p2 = 2.
5. If a line x + y = 1 cut the parabola y2 = 4ax in points A and B and normals drawn at A and B meet at C (C
does not lies on parabola). The normal to the parabola from C other, than above two meet the parabola
in D, then find D
6. If normal of circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y + 9 = 0 intersect the parabola y2 = 4x at P and Q then find the locus of
point of intersection of tangent’s at P and Q.
x2 y2
7. If the normal at an end of a latus-rectum of an ellipse + = 1 passes through one extremity of the
a2 b2
minor axis, show that the eccentricity of the ellipse is given by e4 + e2 – 1 = 0
8. A ray emanating from the point ( 4, 0) is incident on the ellipse 9x² + 25y² = 225 at the point P with
abscissa 3. Find the equation of the reflected ray after first reflection.
9. The tangent & normal at a point on x2/a2 y2/b2 = 1 cut the y axis respectively at A & B. Prove that the
circle on AB as diameter passes through the focii of the hyperbola.
10. The normal at P to a hyperbola of eccentricity e, intersects its transverse and conjugate axes at L and M
e
respectively. Show that the locus of the middle point of LM is a hyperbola of eccentricity .
2
(e 1)
1. The subtangent, ordinate and subnormal to the parabola y2 = 4ax at a point (different from the origin) are
in
(A) AP (B) GP (C) HP (D) none of these
2. Equation of the normal to the parabola, y2 = 4ax at its point (am2, 2 am) is:
(A) y = mx + 2am + am3 (B) y = mx 2am am3
(C) y = mx + 2am + am3 (D) none
3. At what point on the parabola y2 = 4x the normal makes equal angles with the axes?
(A) (4, 4) (B) (9, 6) (C) (4, – 1) (D) (1, 2)
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7. If three normals can be drawn to the curve y2 = x from point (c, 0) then 'c' can be equal to
1 1
(A) 0 (B) – (C) (D) 2
2 2
x2 y2
9. If the line x cos + y sin = p be normal to the ellipse 2
+ = 1, then
a b2
(A) p2 (a2 cos2 + b2 sin2 ) = a2 – b2 (B) p2 (a2 cos2 + b2 sin2 ) = (a2 – b2)2
(C) p2 (a2 sec2 + b2 cosec2 ) = a2 – b2 (D) p2 (a2 sec2 + b2 cosec2 ) = (a2 – b2)2
c
10. If the normal at ct, on the curve xy = c2 meets the curve again at t, then [17JM110042]
t
1 1 1 1
(A) t = – 3 (B) t = (C) t = 2 (D) t2 = – 2
t t t t
x2 y2
11. If the focal chord of the ellipse + = 1, (a > b) is normal at (acos, bsin) then eccentricity of the
a2 b2
ellipse is (it is given that sin 0)
(A) |sec| (B) |cos| (C) |sin| (D) None of these
12. The locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the centre of the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 25 to its normal.
(A) 100x2y2 = (x2 + y2)2 (y2 – x2) (B) 10x2y2 = (x2 + y2)2 (y2 – x2)
(C) 200x y = (x – y ) (y + x )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(D) 100x2y2 = (x2 – y2)2 (y2 + x2)
8 y2
13. The value of |, for which the line 2x – y = – 3 is a normal to the conic x2 + = 1 is
3 4
3 1 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 4 8
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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE – I
1. x+y=3 3. x + 3y = 33
5. (4a, 4a) 6. x + 2y – 3 = 0
8. 12 x + 5 y = 48; 12 x 5 y = 48
SOLUTION
EXERCISE – I
y1 y y2
2. Equation of normal to y2 = 4Px at (x1, y1) is y – y1 = (x – x1) ; y – y1 = 1 x 1
2p 2p 4p
4py1x + 8p2y = y13 + 8p2y1
Compair with ax + by = 1
4py1 8p2
= = y13 + 8p2y1
a b
2ap 4p
y1 = & = y12 + 8p2
b a
Pa3 + 2aPb2 = b2.
dy
3. 2x = 4.
dx
dy x 6 1
= 1 = =3 Slope of normal is –
dx 2 2 3
1
equation of normal is y – 9 = – (x – 6)
3
x + 3y = 33
2
4. q=–p–
p
pq = – p2 – 2
p2 + pq + 2 = 0 ........ (i)
and also
slope of OP × slope of OQ = – 1
2ap 2aq
= –1
ap2 a q2
pq = – 4 ........ (ii)
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Using (ii) in (i) p2 = 2
6.
PQ is chord of contact
T=0
ky = 2(x + h) ...(1)
above line passes through the centre of the circle i.e. (–3, –4)
–4k = 2(h – 3)
2h + 4k – 6 = 0
x + 2y – 3 = 0
b2
7. Equation of normal at ae,
a
a2 x b2 y
– 2 × a = a 2 – b2
ae b
ax
– ay = a2 – b2 = a2e2
e
x – ey = ae3
passes through (0, – b)
+ be = ae3
b = ae2
a2(1 – e2) = a2e4
e4 + e2 – 1 = 0
x 2 y2 12
8. = 1 reflected ray thus will be line joining 3, 5 & (4, 0)
25 9
–12
y–0= (x – 4)
5
5y = – 12x + 48
–12
or line joining the points 3, & (4, 0)
5
12
y–0= (x – 4) 12x – 5y – 48 = 0
5
x y
9. tangent sec tan 1
a b
A(0, – b cot)
Normal ax cos + by cot = a2e2
a2 e 2
B 0, tan
b
Now, circle with diameter as AB is
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a2 e2
x2 + (y + b cot) y tan = 0
b
Obviously it passes (± ae, 0)
10. Normal is
x a cos + by cot = a2e2
L(ae2 sec, 0)
a2 e 2
& M 0, tan
b
Mid–point of L,M
a e2 a2 e2
Say M1 sec , tan
2 2b
Let M1(h,k) then
2ah 2bk
sec = , tan = 2 2
a 2 e2 a e
eliminating we get
4a2 x 2 4b2 y 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 1
(a e ) (a e )
a2 1 e
Its eccentricity = 1 = 1 = .
b2 e2 1 2
e 1
1. Subtangent = 2x1
ordinate = y1
subnormal = 2a
4. Line : y = –2x –
Prabola : y2 = –8x
c = –2am – am3 (condition for line to be normal at to parabola)
– = –2 × –2 × –2 – (–2) (–8)
– = –8 – 16
= 24
5. y2 = 4ax .......(i)
Let (am12, – 2am1) (4a, – 4a) m1 = 2
and (am22, – 2am2) (9a, – 6a) m2 = 3
Let slope of the third normal be m3
m1 + m2 + m3 = 0
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m3 = – 5
equation of third normal is y = m3 x – 2am3 – am33
y = – 5x – 2a (– 5) – a (–125)
5x + y – 135a = 0
6.
y2 = 4ax
x12 = 4ax1
x1 = 0, 4a
P(4a, 4a)
2
Q is (9a, – 6a) u sing t 2 –t1 –
t
1
slope of PS × slope of QS = – 1
dy 1
7.
dx 2y
Equation of normal at (h2, h) is
y – h = – 2h(x – h2)
As it passes through (c, 0)
y – h = – 2h (c – h2) h2 = c – 1/2 c > 1/2
8. y2 = 4ax ......(i)
equation of any normal to parabola (i) is y + tx = 2at + at3 ......(ii)
Let the middle point of normal chord (ii) be (h, k)
equation of chord with middle point (h, k) is T = S1
yk – 2a(x + h) = k2 – 4ah
(2a) x – (k) y + k 2 – 2ah = 0 ......(iii)
(ii) and (iii) represent the same line
t 1 (2at at 3 )
= =
2a –k k 2 – 2ah
2a
t=– and k2 – 2ah = atk (2 + t2)
k
2a 4a2 8a 4
k2 – 2ah = ak – 2 2 k2 – 2ah = – 4a2 – 2
k k k
k4 – 2ahk 2 = – 4a2k2 – 8a4
locus of (h, k) is
y4 – 2a (x – 2a) y2 + 8a4 = 0
9. Equation of normal
ax secby cosec = a2 –b 2 ...(1)
xcos+ 4 sin = p ...(2)
2 2
a sec by cos ec a b
cos sin p
ap
cos = 2 sec ...(3)
(a b2 )
bp
sin = 2 cos ec ...(4)
(a b2 )
squaring and adding
p2
1= 2 [a2 sec 2 b2 cosec 2 ]
(a b2 )2
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10. Curve xy = c2
c c
Point P (ct, ) Point Q (ct, )
t t
Equation of normal xt3 – yt = c (t 4 – 1)
c
Point Q satisfy the equation ctt3 – t = c (t4 – 1)
t
t
tt3 – = t4 – 1
t
(t)2 t3 – t = t(t4 – 1)
t2t4 + t – t – tt4 = 0
t(tt3 + 1) – t(1 + tt3) = 0
1
t = t or t = – 3
t
1
so only possibility t = – 3
t
11. ax sec – by cosec = a2e2
it passes through (±ae, 0)
±a2e sec = a2e2 e = ± sec Which is not difined
5x 5y x y
12. Equation of normal at (5secf, 5tan) is + = 50 + = 10 ...(i)
cos tan cos tan
Equation of line perpendicular to normal passing through centre xsec –ytan = 0 ...(ii)
eliminating from equation (i) & (ii)
100x2y2 = (x2 + y2)2 (y2 – x2)
8
13. 2x– y = – 3
3
8 3 9 3 9
3
y = 2x +3 y =
4 x 8 m = 4 , c = 8
condition of normal c =
– a2 b2 m 9
( 3).m
but m =
3
2 2 2 8 4
a b m 1 4m2
3
solving =
2
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