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LG 6

The document discusses logic gates, which are electronic switches used in digital circuits. It explains the basic logic gates - NOT, AND, and OR - and provides their truth tables. It also lists other logic gates like NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR and provides a comparison truth table.

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Christian Lerrick
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20 views2 pages

LG 6

The document discusses logic gates, which are electronic switches used in digital circuits. It explains the basic logic gates - NOT, AND, and OR - and provides their truth tables. It also lists other logic gates like NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR and provides a comparison truth table.

Uploaded by

Christian Lerrick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGIC GATES AND THE TRUTH TABLE

Logic gates are used in many electronic devices, from computers to communication systems. These
devices perform operations by passing data through logic gates which operate as electronic switches
and react in one of the two ways of the binary code (0 or 1) to the data put into them.
A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most logic gates have two inputs and
one output. The input and the output signals of a gate can be in one of the two binary conditions:
low (0 or “off”) or high (1 or “on”). The value of the output depends on the values of its inputs.
Logic gates allow an electronic system to make a decision based on a number on its inputs. They are
digital electronic devices.
Logic gates use the principles of a mathematical system known as Boolean algebra. As well as a
standard Boolean expression, the input and output information of any logic gate or circuit can be
schemed into a standard table to give a visual representation of the switching function of the system.
The table used to represent the Boolean expression of a logic gate function is commonly called a Truth
Table. A logic gate truth table shows each possible input combination to the gate or circuit with the
resultant output depending upon the combination of these input(s).

There are three basic logic gates: AND, OR, NOT.


The simplest possible gate is called an “inverter” or a NOT gate. It has just one input
and the output is its opposite: if the input is high (1), the output is low (0) and
viceversa. This could be represented by a simple lighting circuit with a push-to-break
switch: if the switch is pressed then the lamp will turn off.

Truth table for a NOT gate


A Q
0 1
1 0

Read as inversion of A gives Q

An AND gate is a circuit with two inputs and an output which is set to one only if both the inputs are
1. This means that it will give a high output only if all of the inputs are high. For example, in a simple
lighting circuit with two switches in series the lamp will light only if both switches are pressed.

Truth table for an AND gate


A B Q
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
Read as A AND B gives Q 1 1 1

OR gates
An OR gate will give a high output if any of the inputs is high. For example, in a simple lighting
circuit with two switches in parallel the lamp will light if either switch is pressed. The relationship
between the inputs and the output can be captured in a truth table. A and B represent the inputs
and Q is the output.
Truth table for an OR gate
A B Q
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Read as A OR B gives Q.

Other types of logic gate include:


~ NAND gate: high unless both inputs are high.
~ NOR gate: high if both inputs are low.
~ XOR gate: similar to an OR gate but the output is only high if only one of the two inputs is high.

The following Truth Table compares the logical functions of the main 2-input logic gates.

Inputs Truth Table Outputs for each Gate

A B AND NAND OR NOR EX-OR EX-NOR

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

ACTIVITIES

1. Match the following words to the correct definition:


a. TRUTH TABLE 1. group of data, words or digits
b. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA 2. the act of joining together 2 or more things to form a single unit
c. LOGIC GATE 3. any of the different ways in which a set of things can be ordered
d. COMBINATION 4. an electronic switch that reacts in one of two ways to input data
e. PERMUTATION 5. a chart listing the logical relationships in digital circuits
f. BLOCK 6. an algebraic system with binary operations representing a two-
value logic

2. Complete the following chart with the missing words and figures. Input 1 Input 2 Output
0 0
In the OR gate the output is “1” if either or ………………1 of the inputs 0 1
are “1”. If both inputs are “………………”2 , then the output is “0”. 1 1
1 1

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